King Faisal University

College of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department


EE 242 Electric circuit II Lab
Experiment # 4: THEVENINES THEOREM AND
MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER




Eng. Smadi
Spring semester 2013-2014

2
Eng. A. Smadi

OBJECTIVES:
- To verify Thevenine's theorem.
- To verify maximum power transfer theorem.

APPARATUS:

RESISTORS:
- 470, 1-k, 2.2-k.
- 0-1-k potentiometer.
CAPACITORS:
- 0.0047-F, 0.01- , 0.1-
- 0.02-
INDUCTORS:
- 10-mH
INSTRUMENTS:
- DMM
- Oscilloscope
- Audio oscillator or function generator

BASIC THEORY:

Thevenines theorem states that any two-terminal linear ac network can be replaced by an
equivalent circuit consisting of a voltage source in series with impedance.
To apply this theorem, follow these simple steps:
1- Remove the portion of the network across which the Thevenine's equivalent circuit is
found.
2- Short out all voltage source and open all current sources. (This is never done practically,
but only theoretically).
3- Calculate

across the two terminals in question.

4- Replace all sources.
5- Calculate

which is the voltage a cross the terminal in question.

6- Draw the Thevenine's equivalent circuit and replace the portion of the circuit originally
removed.
7- Determine the voltage or current originally desired.

Exp#4:
Thevenines Theorem And Maximum Power
Transfer
3
Eng. A. Smadi

EXAMPLE: Using Thevenine's theorem finds the current through R in Fig1:
E
Z1
Z2
R
I

Fig 1: Circuit Diagram
Step 1: Remove R. See Fig 2.a
Step 2: Replace E by a short-circuit equivalent. See Fig 2.a
Step 3: Solve for

. In this case

=
1
||
2
. See Fig 2.a
Step 4: Replace E. See Fig 2.b
Step 5: Calculate

from

=

2

1
+
2

See from figure 2.b.
Step 6: Draw the equivalent circuit and replace R .see fig 2.c.
Step 7: Calculate I from:
=

+

A
Z1
Z2
ZTh
a
b

B
Z1
Z2
a
b
E
VTh

C
I
ZTh
a
b
E

Figure 2: Solving steps
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Eng. A. Smadi


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Eng. A. Smadi

MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM:
The maximum power transfer theorem states that for circuits which ac sources, maximum
power will be transferred to a load impedance is the conjugate of the Thevenine's
impedance across its terminals. See fig 3.


Fig 3: circuit diagram
For maximum power transfer if:

=
Then

=


PROCEDURE:
PART 1
(a) Measure the dc resistance of the coil and include it in Fig 4. Indicate the measure
values of R,
1
, and
2
.

Fig4

(b) With E set at 8V(p-p), measure
()
and calculate
()


()
= ------------------------,
()
= ---------------------------
(c) Remove the resistor R and measure the open-circuit voltage across the resulting
terminals. This is the magnitude of

?
|
()
|= ------------------------, |
()
|= ---------------------------
ZL
ZTh
+
-
ETh
R2
1k
L
1mH
RL
2.2k
R1
470
10kHz
=8 Vpp E
6
Eng. A. Smadi


(d) Using the measured resistance levels, calculate the magnitude of

and its
associated angle. Compare to the magnitude of (c). Assume that E = E0 =0.707(8/2)
E0 =2.828<0.

= ------------------------

(e) Calculate

(magnitude and angle) using the measured resistor values and the
nameplate indicator level of 10mH. The applied frequency is 10 kHz.

= ------------------------

(f) Insert the calculated values obtained for

and

from (d) and (e) in fig (5).

Use the rectangular form for

, using the 0-1k potentiometer and the amplitude

control on the audio oscillator or function generator, set the values of the Thevenine's
circuit. Also include any reactive elements needed. Then measure the voltage
()

and compare to the measurement of (b).



Fig 5

()
= ------------------------,
()
= ---------------------------
(g) Is the Thevenines theorem verified?

(h) Test your procedure of (h) and compare to the calculated values.

= ------------------------,

= ------------------------



R
2.2k
ZTh
+
-
ETh
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Eng. A. Smadi

PART 2:
MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER
(a) Construct the circuit of fig (6). Include the measured resistor values.



(b) Set the 0-1-k potentiometer to

as required for maximum

power transfer. Indicate the value of each row in Table.

(c) For f = 10 KHz calculate

(ignore any effects of

) and insert in each row of

Table.

| C(F) Xc
()
|

(d) Using the result of (b) and (c), calculate the magnitude of the Thevenine's
impedance and insert in each row of Table.

(e) For each value of C, Calculate Xc and insert in Table.
Potenti
10k 40%
C
L
1mH
R1
470
10kHz
=8 Vpp E
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Eng. A. Smadi


(f) Calculate the magnitude of

and insert of each row of Table.

(g) For each capacitance level, measure the rms value of

with the DMM and

insert in Table. Calculate the real power to load using

2
/

and insert in
table. (Note that 0.0247 = 0.02 + 0.0047.
(h) Plot

versus

on Graph.

(i) Is maximum power transferred when

? And

as required by the
theorem?

(j) Assuming that L is exactly 10mH, what value of capacitance will insure that

at f=10 KHz? How close do we come to this value in Table?