Polynomials

An Algebraic expression of n terms in one variable (say x) with integral power is said to be nth polynomial in x.
Example: x2 + x + 1 is a polynomial in x of degree 2.
2x5 + 5x2 + 3x + 1 is a polynomial in x of degree 5
x5 + x3 + 3x + 2 is a polynomial in x of degree 5.
Degree of polynomial represents the largest power of the variable.
Monomial
A polynomial consisting of a single term is called a monomial.
Example: 3x, 5x, 9x3, 10x, 5x2 etc.
Binomial
A polynomial consisting of only two terms is called a binomial.
Example : 3x + 5, x2 + 7, 8x2 8, ax2 + bx
Trinomial
A polynomial consisting of only three terms is a trinomial.
Example : x2 + 3x + 6, ax2 + bx + c, x 2 5x 6....
Zero polynomial
In a polynomial if all the coefficient are zero, then the expression is called a zero polynomial.
Note: Constants may be treated as a polynomial of degree of 0 (and not Zero polynomial), Ex : 6 = 6 x0
Coefficients
The term 5a consists of the number 5 and variable a. This number 5 is called the coefficient of a.
Example : (i) In the monomial 6x, coefficient of x is 6
(ii)

x2
1
, co-efficient of x 2 is
2
2

3
3
x, coefficient of x is
4
4
(iv) 2x + c, coefficient of x is 2.
(iii)

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 29 of 204

SOLVED EXAMPLES
I.

Add the following :

Example: 1.
5a 7b, 3a + 4b and 5a 6b
Sol:
(a) Method :
(5a 7b) + ( 3a + 4b) + (5a 6b)
(5a + 3a + 5a) + (-7b + 4b 6b) = 13a + ( -13b + 4b ) = 13a 9b.
(b) Method :
5a 7b
+ 3a + 4b
+ 5a 6b

13a 9b
Example: 2.
5a + 6b + 7c + 1 and 5a + 4b - 3c
Sol:
(5a + 6b + 7c +1) + (-5a + 4b 3c)
(5a 5a ) + (6b + 4b ) + ( 7c 3c ) + 1
0a + 10b + 4c + 1 = 10b + 4c + 1
Example: 3.
(3a2b + 3ab2 + 6a2b2) and 5a2b 8ab2 (16a2b2 5b3)
Sol:
(3a2b + 3ab2 + 6a2b2) + (5a2b 8ab2 16a2b2 + 5b3)
= (3a2b + 5a2b) + (3ab2 8ab2) + (6a2b2 16a2b2) + (5b3)
= 8a2b 5ab2 10a2b2 + 5b3
II.

Subtract the second expression from the first :

Example: 4.
Subtract (2a b 3c) from (4a 3b + 2c)
(a) Method :
(4a 3b + 2c) ( 2a b - 3c )
4a 3b + 2c 2a + b + 3c
(4a 2a) + (-3b + b) + (2c + 3c) = 2a - 2b + 5c
(b) Method
4a 3b + 2c
2a b 3c
() (+) (+)

2a 2b + 5c
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Step I : Arrange the given polynomial such that like terms are in one column.
Step II : Change the signs of the terms of the polynomial which is to be subtracted and then add the two polynomials.
Example: 5.
Subtract x3 + 2x2 4x 1 from 3x3 + 5x + 4
Sol:
3x3 + 0.x2 + 5x + 4
x3 + 2x2 4x 1
() () (+) (+)

2x3 2x2 + 9x + 5
Example: 6.
Subtract 2 from x2 + 3x 2
Sol:
x2 + 3x 2
0x2 + 0x + 2
() () ()

x2 + 3x 4.
Example: 7.
1
2

Subtract 3x3 + x2 x from 2x3 x 2 1

Sol :

3 1 2
3
2
2x x 1 3x + x x
2

= 2x 3 3x 3 + x 2 x 2 1 ( x )
2

= x3

3 2
x 1 + x.
2

Example: 8.
From the sum of
Sol:
3 2 5 3
3
1
1
x x + 3, x 3 x 2 + x 4 7 and 3x 4 + 8 + x 3 5x 2 ,
2
4
4
2
2

subtract x4 x3 + x2 x + 1
we get
1 3
3 2 5 3
3 3 1 2

4
4
2
2 x 4 x + 3 + 4 x 2 x + x 7 + 3x + 8 + 2 x 5x

3
1 3
1
5

= x 4 3x 4 + x 3 + x 3 + x 3 + x 2 x 2 5x 2 + ( 3 7 + 8 )
4
4
2
2
2

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 31 of 204

= 2x4 + 0.x3 4x2 + 4 = 2x4 4x2 + 4.

Required result
= 2x4 4x2 +4-(x4 x3 + x2 x + 1)
= 2x4 4x2 + 4 x4 + x3 x2 + x 1
= 3x4 + x3 5x2 + x + 3.
Example: 9.
Subtract the sum of 8.6x7 + 2.8x4 5.8x and 2.4x7 3x4 + 3 from the sum of 0.4x8 18x7 + 32 and 7.2x 5.2x4 1.
Sol:
We first find the sum of 8.6x7 + 2.8x4 5.8x and 2.4x7 3x4 + 3 we get
=[8.6x7 + 2.8x4 5.8x] + [2.4x7 3x4 + 3]
=[8.6x7 + 2.4x7] + (2.8x4 3x4 ) 5.8x + 3
=11x7 0.2x4 5.8x + 3
..... (1)
We now find the sum of
(0.4x8 18x7 + 32) + (7.2x 5.2x4 1)
= 0.4x8 18 x7 5.2x4 + 7.2x + 31
..... (2)
Finally we subtract (1) from (2)
(0.4x8 18x7 5.2x4 + 7.2x + 31) ( 11x7 0.2x4 5.8x + 3)
=0.4x8 + ( 18x7 11x7) (5.2 x4 0.2x4 ) + (7.2x + 5.8x ) + (31 3)
= 0.4x8 29x7 5x4 + 13x + 28.
Example: 10.
What should be added to 4x2 2x + 15 to obtain 20x2 7x + 8
Sol:
The term to be added is the different of the two expressions.
20x2 7x +8
4x2 2x + 15
() (+) ()

16x2 5x 7 should be added

III. Multiply the following expressions :

Example: 11.
4a2b, 5a3b2 and 6b2
Sol:

( 4 5 6 ) ( a 2 a 3 )( b b2 b2 ) = 120a 2+3b1+ 2+ 2 = 120a 5 b5

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 32 of 204

Example: 12.
6x 3 , 11x 2 ,

11 5
x
2

Sol:

11 3 2 5

3+ 2 + 5
= 363x10
( 6 ) ( 11) 2 x x x = 363 x

Example: 13.

a 2 ab
,
7 3
Sol :=

(a

a b

73

a 3b
21

Example: 14.

2x 2 , 5x 3a 2

2
2
3 2
Sol=: ( 2 5 (3) ) x x a = 30x a .

Example: 15.
7 3 2 2
2 2 4
7a + 5 b 8 c , 3a

Sol:
2 2 2 2 4
2
7
2
a a + b a 2 c3 a 2
7
3
5
3
8
3

4a 4 8a 2 b 14 2 3 4a 4 8a 2 b 7 2 3
+
a c =
+
a c
21
15
24
21
15 12

Example: 16.
(x2 4x + 22 ) 2xy
Sol:
2x3y 8x2y + 44xy.
Example: 17.
(3y2 1 ) (y2 + 5)
Sol:
= 3y4 y2 + 15y2 5 = 3y4 + 14y2 5.

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 33 of 204

Example: 18.
2 1
1
p + + 1 p +
p
p

Sol:
p2 + 1 + 1 p + 1 = p3 + 1 + 2p + 1 + 1.

p
p
p

p2

Example: 19.
If A = x + 2, B = x 3, and C = x + 5, express the following polynomials in terms of x.
(i)AB
(ii) AB + C2
Sol:
(i) AB = (x + 2) (x 3) = x2 + 2x 3x 6 = x2 x 6.
(ii) AB + C2 = (x + 2 )( x 3) + (x + 5)2 = ( x + 2) ( x 3) + (x + 5) ( x + 5)
x2 x 6 + x2 + 1 0 x + 25 = 2x2 + 9x + 19.
Example: 20.
(x4 + x2y2 + y4)(x2 y2)
Sol:
(x4 + x2 y2 + y4) ( x2 y2 ) = x4x2 x4y2 + x2y2x2 x2y2y2 + x2y4 y4y2.
= x6 x4y2 + x4y2 x2y4 + x2y4 y6 = x6 y6.
IV. Division by using the rule of indices :
Law of indices
(i) a m a n = a m + n
am
an

= a m n if m > n

(ii)

1
a

n-m

if m < n

Example: 21.

35x 4 y8 z10 by 55x 2 y6 z8

Sol:

35x 4 y8 z10
2 6 8

55x y z

7 4 2 86 108
7
= x 2 y2 z2
x
y z
11
11

Example: 22.

x m y 4n z p by x 3m y 2n z3p
Sol:

x m y 4n z p
x 3m y 2n z3p

y 4n 2n
x 3m m z3p p

y 2n
x 2m z 2p

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 34 of 204

Example: 23.
Divide 6a4b3 + 8a2b3 12a2b2 by 2a2b2
Sol:
6a 4 b3 + 8a 2 b3 12a 2 b 2
2a 2 b2

6a 4 b3
2a 2 b2

8a 2 b3
2a 2 b 2

12a 2 b2
2a 2 b 2

3a 4 2 b3 2 + 4a 2 2 b3 2 6a 2 2 b2 2
= 3a 2 b + 4a 0 b1 6a 0 b0
= 3a 2 b + 4b 6 (Since a 0 = b0 = 1)

Example: 24.
Divide 35x2y4z3 63 x3y6z2 + 56 x5y5z4 by ( 7x2yz2)
Sol:

35x 2 y 4 z3 63x 3 y6 z 2 + 56x 5 y5 z 4

7x 2 yz 2

35x 2 y 4 z3
7x 2 yz 2

63x 3 y6 z 2
7x 2 yz 2

56x 5 y5 z 4
7x 2 yz 2

= 5x 2 2 y 41 z3 2 + 9x 3 2 y6 1 z 2 2 8x 5 2 y51 z 4 2
= 5x 0 y3 z + 9x1 y5 z 0 8x 3 y 4 z 2
= 5y3 z + 9xy5 8x 3 y4 z 2

Example: 25.
Multiply (2a + 3b +4c) by (2a + 3b 4c)
Sol:
2a(2a + 3b 4c) + 3b (2a + 3b 4c) + 4c ( 2a + 3b 4c)
= 4a2 + 6ab 8ac + 6ab + 9b2 12bc 16c2.+ 8ac + 12bc
= 4a2 + 9b2 16c2 + 12ab ( by canceling 8ac and +8ac and 12bc and 12bc).
V.

Divide the following :

Example: 26.
a2 b2 by a + b
Sol:
Method (a)
a + b) a2 b2 (a b
a2 + ab
() ()

ab b2
ab b2
(+) (+)

0 + 0 Remainder is 0 and quotient is (a b) Method (b)

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 35 of 204

( a 2 b2 ) ( a + b ) = a a + bb

(a + b)(a b)
(a + b)
= a b by cancelling a + b in both numerator and the denominator.
2

Example: 27.
a2 4ab + 4b2 by a 2b.
Sol:
a 2b ) a2 4ab + 4b2 ( a 2b
a2 2ab
() (+)

2ab + 4b2
2ab + 4b2
(+) ()

0 + 0
Remainder is 0, Quotient is a 2b.
Alternative method

a 2 4ab + 4b2 (a 2b)2 (a 2b)(a 2b)

=
=
= a 2b
a 2b
a 2b
a 2b
Example: 28.
2a3 5a2 + 5a 3 by 2a 3
Sol:
2a 3 ) 2a3 5a2 + 5a 3 ( a2 a + 1
2a3 3a2
() (+)

2a2 + 5a
2a2 + 3a
(+) ()

2a 3
2a 3
() (+)

0 + 0
Remainder is 0 and quotient is a2 a + 1
Example: 29.
5y3 + 7y 6 by y2 + y + 1
Sol:
y2 + y + 1 ) 5y3 + 0. y2 + 7y 6 ( 5y 5
5y3 + 5y2 + 5y
() () ()

5y2 + 2y 6
Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 36 of 204

 5y2 5y 5
(+) (+) (+)

7y 1

Remainder is 7y 1 and quotient is 5y 5

Example: 30.
2x2 3x + 5 by x a
Sol:
x a ) 2x2 3x + 5 ( 2x + 2a 3
2x2 2ax
() (+)

2ax 3x + 5
2ax 2a2
() (+)

3x + 2a2 + 5
3x + 3a
(+) ()

2a2 3a + 5
Remainder is 2a2 3a +5 and the quotient is 2x + 2a 3.
Simplification of algebraic expressions by using brackets
The brackets in common use are
- vinculum
( ) - common bracket
{ } - flower bracket
[ ] - square bracket
In the expression 2 a { 3a ( b c ) d } b c , first we remove vinculum, second we remove common bracket, thirdly
we remove flower bracket, lastly we remove square bracket. To remove the brackets, the expression inside the bracket has to
be multiplied by the quantity, which is outside the bracket with proper sign then the expression is simplified by collecting like
terms.
Simplify the following.
Example: 31.
3a + 2 { 40 ( 5a + 5b 2a 2b ) }

Sol:
3a + 2 { 40 ( 5a + 5b 2a 2b ) }

= 3a + [ 2 { 40 5a 5b + 2a 2b } ]
= 3a + [ 80 10a 10b + 4a 4b ]

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 37 of 204

= 3a + 80 10a 10b + 4a 4b
= 80 10a + 7a 10b 4b = 80 3a 14b.

Example: 32.
x x + y { x y + 2 ( x y x ) }

Sol:
x x + y { x y + 2 ( x y x ) }

= x [ x + y { x y + 2 ( x y + x )} ]
= x [ x + y { x y 2x 2y + 2x } ]
= x [ x + y + x + y + 2x + 2y + 2y 2x ]

= x x y x y 2x 2y + 2x = x 4y
Example: 33.

( a + b + c ) ( a b c ) + ( a + b + c ) ( a b c )
Sol:

( a + b + c ) ( a b c ) + ( a + b + c ) ( a b c )
= a+b+ca+b+c+a+b+c+a+b+c
= 2a 2a + 4b + 3c + c = 4b + 4c

Example: 34.
3x [ 5y { 6z ( 4x 7y )} ]

Sol:
3x [ 5y { 6z ( 4x 7y )} ]
= 3x [ 5y 6z + 4x 7y ]

= 3x 5y + 6z 4x + 7y
= x + 2y + 6z
Example: 35.
a [ a b { a b + c ( a b c + d )} ]

Sol:
a [ a b { a b + c ( a b c + d )} ]
= a [ a b {a b + c a + b + c d}]
= a [a b a + b c + a b c d]
= aa+b+ab+ca+bcd
= b + 2c d

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 38 of 204

Formulae and their applications

There are certain general results in multiplication, which enable us to write down products without going the usual process.
Some of the formulae are
1.

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 a2 + b2 = ( a + b) 2 2ab

2.

( a b)2 = a2 2ab + b2 a2 + b2 = ( a b)2 + 2ab

3.

( a + b)2 ( a b )2 = 4ab

4.

( a + b)2 + ( a b)2 = 2 ( a2 + b2)

5.

( a + b)2 = ( a b)2 + 4ab

6.

(a b)2 = ( a + b)2 4ab

7.

(a + b)3 = a3 + 3ab (a + b) + b3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3

8.

( a b)3 = a3 3ab ( a b) b3 = a3 3a2b + 3ab2 b3

9.

( a + b) ( a b) = a2 b2

10. (a + b + c + d)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + 2a ( b + c + d) + 2b (c + d) + 2cd

11. ( a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
12. ( x + a) ( x + b) = x2 + ( a + b ) x + ab
13. ( x a) ( x b) = x2 ( a + b) x + ab
14. (x + a) ( x b) = x2 + ( a - b) x ab
15. ( x a) ( x + b) = x2 + ( -a + b) x ab
16. ( x + a) ( x + b) ( x + c) = x3 + ( a + b + c) x2 + ( ab + bc + ca) x + abc
2

17.

1
1

2
x + x = x + 2 +2
x

18.

1
1

2
x x = x + 2 2
x

19.

1
1
1

2
x + x x x = x 2
x

1
1
1

3
20. x + = x + 3 + 3 x +
x
x
x

21.

1 3 1
1

x x = 3 3 x x
x

1
1

22. x + = x + 4
x
x

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 39 of 204

1
1

23. x = x + 4
x
x

2
24. x +

= x + 2
x
x2

2
25. x

= x +2
x
x2

26. ( a + b + c) ( a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca) = a3 + b3 + c3 3abc. If a + b+ c = 0, then a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc.

27. ( a2 + b2 + ab) ( a2 + b2 ab) = a4 + a2b2 + b4
28. ( a + b) ( a2 ab + b2 ) = a3 + b3
29. ( a b) ( a2 + ab + b2 ) = a3 b3
30. ( x2 + y2) ( x2 y2) = x4 y4
Note: The square of any non-zero expression is always positive.
I. Write down the squares of the following :
Example: 36.
(2a + 5b)

Sol:

(2a + 5b) 2 = (2a)2 + 2 (2a)(5b) + (5b) 2 = 4a 2 + 20ab + 25b 2

because formula is (a + b)2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
Example: 37.
a + b + 2c

Sol:
= (a + b + 2c)2 = (a)2 + (b)2 + (2c)2 + 2(a)(b) + 2(b)(2c) + 2(2c)(a)
= a 2 + b 2 + 4c2 + 2ab + 4bc + 4ac

Example: 38.
(3a 2b c)
Sol:
(3a 2b c)2 = [ 3a + ( -2b) + (-c)]2
= (3a)2 + (-2b)2 + ( -c)2 + 2 (3a) (-2b) + 2 ( -2b)(c) + 2( -c) (3a)
= 9a2 + 4b2 + c2 12ab + 4bc 6a
[Formula : ( a+ b+ c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca]

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 40 of 204

Example: 39.
1

x + x + 1

Sol:
2

1
1
1
2
= ( x ) + + (1) + 2(x) + 2 (1) + 2(1)(x)
x
x


x
1 2
= x 2 + 2 + + 2x + 3
x
x
2

Example: 40.
x y

y x

Sol:
2

x y
x y
x y x 2 y2
= = + 2 = 2 + 2 2
x
y x
y x
y x y
Example: 41.
53
Sol:
(53)2 = (50+3)2 = 502 + 2 (50) (3) + 32 = 2500 + 300 + 9 = 2809
Example: 42.
98
Sol:
(98)2 = (100 2)2 = 1002 2 (100) (2) + (2)2 = 10000 400 + 4 = 9604
Example: 43.
9.80
Sol:
(9.8)2 = (10 0.2)2 = 102 2 (10) (0.2) + ( 0.2)2 = 100 4 + 0.04 = 96.04
Example: 44.
100.4
Sol:
(100 .4) 2 = (100 + 0.4) 2 = 1002 + 2 (100) (0.4) + (0.4)2 = 10000 + 80 + 0.16 = 10070.16

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 41 of 204

II. Find the cubes of the following :

Example: 45.
(a + 2b)
Sol:
(a + 2b)3 = a3 + 3 (a) (2b) (a + 2b ) + ( 2b)3
= a3 + 6ab (a + 2b) + 8b3 = a3 + 6a2b + 12ab2 + 8b3
Example: 46.
( 3a 2b)
Sol:
(3a 2b)3 = (3a)3 3 (3a)(2b) (3a 2b) (2b)3
= 27a3 18ab (3a 2b) 8b3 = 27a3 54a2b + 36ab2 8b3
Example: 47.
1

3x 3x

Sol:
3

1
1 1

1
3
3x 3x = (3x) 3(3x) 3x 3x 3x 3x

1 1
1
1

= 27x 3 3 3x = 27x 3 9x +
3x 3x
x 27x 3

Example: 48.
103
Sol:
(103)3 = ( 100 + 3)3 = 1003 + 3(100) (3) (100 + 3) + 33
= 1000000 + 900(100 + 3) + 27 = 1000000 + 90000 + 2700 + 27 = 1092727
Example: 49.
95
Sol:
(95)3 = (100 5)3 = 1003 3(100) (5) (100 5) 53
= 1000000 1500(100 5) 125 = 1000000 150000 + 7500 125 = 857375
Example: 50.
(2c 8)
Sol:
(2c 8)3 = (2c)3 - 3(2c) (8) (2c 8) 83
= 8c3 48c (2c 8) 152 = 8c3 96c2 + 384c 512

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 42 of 204

Example: 51.
1.1
Sol:
(1.1)3 = (1 + 0.1)3 = 13 + 3(1) (0.1) (1 + 0.1) + (0.1)3
1 + 0.3(1 + 0.1) + 0.001 = 1 + 0.3 + 0.03 + 0.001 = 1.331
Example: 52.
x 2 0.5
+
0.5 x 2

Sol:
3

x 2 0.5 x 2
x 2 0.5 x 2 0.5 0.5 3
+ 2 =
+ 3
+ 2 + 2

0.5 x 0.5
0.5 x 0.5 x x
=

x 2 0.5 0.125
x6
x6
3x 2 1.5 0.125
+ 3
+ 2 + 6 =
+
+
+ 6
0.5 x
0.125
0.125 0.5 x 2
x
x

Alternative Method

x 2 0.5 2
1
+ 2 = 2x + 2

2x
0.5 x
Cube this expression using the formula.
Example: 53.
19
Sol:
(19)3 = (20 1)3 = 203 3(20) (1) (20 1) 13
= 8000 60(20 1) 13 = 8000 1200 + 60 1 = 6859.
III. Evaluate the following :
Example: 54.
( x 2) ( x 5) ( x + 7)
Sol:
= (x)3 + (-2 5 + 7) (x)2 + (10 35 14 )x + (-2) (-5) (-7)
= x3 + (-7 + 7)x2 + (10 49)x + (70)
=x3 + 0x2 + ( -39)x + 70 = x3 39x + 70.
Example: 55.
2

a 2 a 2
Show that + = 4
2 a 2 a

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 43 of 204

Sol:
we have (a + b)2 (a b)2 = 4ab
2

a 2
a 2 a 2
2 + a 2 a = 4 2 a

Example: 56.
If p + q = 6, and pq = 5, find p2 + q2
Sol:
we know a2 + b2 = ( a + b)2 2ab
Hence p2 + q2 = ( p + q)2 2pq = 62 2(5) = 36 10 = 26
Example: 57.
If p q = 3 and pq = 4, prove that p + q = +5 or -5
(p + q)2 = ( p q)2 + 4pq = 32 + 4(4) = 9 + 16 = 25
Sol:

(p + q) =

25 = 5

Example: 58.
If

a+b
= 3, ab = 5, find the value of a b
2

Sol:
a + b = 6, (a b) 2 = (a + b)2 4ab = 62 4ab = 62 4(5) = 36 20 = 16
16 = 4

Example: 59.
If x 2 +

1
= 18, find x .
x
x
2

Sol:
2

1
1
1

2
x x = x + 2 2 = 16 x x = 16 = 4.
x

Example: 60.
Find x2 + y2 if x y = 5, xy = 66.
Sol:
(x y)2 = x2 + y2 2xy or x2 + y2 = (x y)2 + 2xy = 52 + 2 x 66 = 25 + 132 = 157
Example: 61.
If x +

1
1
= 5, find the value of x 3 + 3 .
x
x

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 44 of 204

Sol:
x3 +

1
1

= x + 3 x + = 53 3(5) = 125 15 = 110

3
x
x
x

Example: 62.
If x y = 5 and xy = 2, find the value of x3 y3
Sol:
x3 y3 = ( x y)3 + 3xy ( x y) = 53 + 3(2) (5) = 125 + 30 = 155.
Example: 63.
1+

1
1
= 4 and find the value of 1 +
3
ab
a b3

1+

1
1
1
1
=4
= 4 1 = 3; 3 3 = 33 = 27. Hence, 1 + 3 3 = 1 + 27 = 28.
ab
ab
a b
a b

Sol:

Example: 64.
If a = 0.371, b = 0.065 c = -0.436 find the value of a3 + b3 c3 + 3abc
Sol:
a3 + b3 + ( -c)3 3 (a) (b) (-c) = ( a + b + c) [a2 + b2 + c2 ab + bc + ca]
= (0.371 + 0.065 0.436) ( a2 + b2 + c2 ab + bc + ca)
( 0.436 0.436) [ a2 + b2 + c2 ab + bc + ca]
0 [a2 + b2 + c2 ab + bc + ca] = 0
Example: 65.
If xy(x + y) = 1, prove that

1
3 3

x 3 y3 = 3

x y

Sol:
xy =

1
1
or x + y =
x+y
xy

cubing both sides,

3

1
3
3
3
= ( x + y ) = x + y + 3xy(x + y)
xy

3

1
3
3
= x +y +3
xy
1
3 3 x 3 y3 = 3
x y

[ xy(x + y) = 1]

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 45 of 204

Example: 66.
x

1
1
= 3, find x 4 +
x
x4

Sol:
x2 +

= x + 2 = 32 + 2 = 9 + 2 = 11.
x
x2
1

1
1
1

x 2 + 2 = 112 x 4 + 4 + 2 = 121 x 4 + 4 = 121 2 = 119.

x
x
x

Example: 67.
1
If a 2 6a 1 = 0, find a 2 +
a2

Sol:

a 2 6a = 1 a(a 6) = 1 or a 6 =
a2 +

1
1
a = 6.
a
a

= a + 2 = 62 + 2 = 36 + 2 = 38.
2
a
a

Example: 68.
If ab = 6, bc = 12, ac = 8,
find (i) (a + b + c)2

(ii) a + b+ c.

Sol:
ab = 6 b =

bc = 12

6
a

6
c 12
c = 12 =
= 2 or c = 2a
a
a 6

ac = 8, a 2a = 8; 2a 2 = 8 or a 2 =
ac = 8 or c =

8
= 4, a = 2
2

8 8
= = 4 i.e. c = 4.
a 2

6 6
= 3 i.e. b = 3.
a 2
(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
22 + 32 + 42 + 2(6 + 12 + 8) = 4 + 9 + 16 + 2(26) = 81
ab = 6 i.e., b =

(a + b + c)2 = 81 and a + b + c = 81 = 9

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 46 of 204

Example: 69.

If a 2 +

1
a

= 98. Find a 3 +

1
a3

Sol:
2

1
1

2
a + a = a + 2 + 2 = 98 + 2 = 100.
a

a+

a3 +

1
= 100 = 10.
a
3

1
1

= a + 3 a + = 103 3(10) = 1000 30 = 970

3
a
a
a

Example: 70.
If 3x + 4y = 16, xy = 4 find the value of 9x2 + 16y2.
Sol:
Squaring both sides (3x + 4y)2 = 16 2 or 9x2 + 16y2 + 24xy = 256.
9x2 + 16y2 = 256 24xy = 256 24(4) = 256 96 = 160.
FACTORS
The product of (x + 1) (x + 2) = x2 + 3x + 2, hence (x + 1) and (x + 2) are called the factors of x2 + 3x + 2.
Type 1: Trinomials
Identity: ax 2 + bx + c and x 2 + xy + y 2
Example: 71.
Factorize: x2 + 11x + 24
Sol:
Let us find two numbers whose product is 24 and sum is 11. The numbers are 8 and 3.
Therefore x2 + 11x + 24 = x2 + 3x + 8x + 24 = x (x + 3) + 8 (x + 3) = (x + 3) ( x + 8)
Example: 72.
Factorize: 7x2 19x 6
Sol:
Let us find two number whose product is 42 (7 x 6 = 42) and sum is 19. The numbers are 21 and 2.
Therefore 7x2 19x 6 = 7x2 21x + 2x 6
= 7x (x 3) + 2 (x 3) = (x 3) (7x + 2).

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 47 of 204

Example: 73.
Factor 5 4x 12x2
Sol:
Let us find the two number whose product is 60 i.e. ( 5 x 12) and sum is 4. (i.e. the coefficient of middle term) .The numbers
are 10 and +6.
Then, 5 10x + 6x 12x2
= 5 (1 2x) + 6x (1 2x)
= (5 + 6x) (1 2x)
Example: 74.
Factorize: 4 (2a 3b)2 (2a 3b) 14
Sol:
Put 2a 3b = x.
4x2 x 14 = 4x2 8x + 7x 14 = 4x ( x 2) + 7(x 2) = ( x 2) (4x + 7)
= (2a 3b 2) [4 ( 2a 3b) + 7] = ( 2a 3b 2) ( 8a 12b + 7)
Example: 75.
Factorize: 22x2 + xy 6y2.
Sol:
22 x 6 = 132 = 11 x 12 and 11 + 12 = 1
= 22x2 11xy + 12xy 6y2
= 11 x (2x y) + 6y(2x y) = (11x + 6y) (2x y)
Example: 76.
Factorize: a4 + 3a2 28
Sol:
28 = 7 x 4 and 7 4 = 3
Therefore, a4 + 3a2 28 = a4 + 7a2 4a2 28 = a2(a2 + 7) 4 (a2 + 7)
= (a2 + 7) (a2 4) = (a2 + 7) (a + 2) ( a 2).
Type 2 : Difference of two squares
Identity: a2 b2 = (a + b) (a b)
Example: 77.
Factorize: 25a2 16b2.
Sol:
(5a)2 (4b)2 = (5a + 4b) (5a 4b).
Example: 78.
Factorize: 32x4 2y4.
Sol:

32x 2 2y 4 = 2(16x 4 y 4 ) = 2[(4x 2 ) 2 (y 2 )2 ] = 2(4x 2 y2 )(4x 2 + y 2 )

= 2(2x y)(2x + y)(4x 2 + y 2 )
Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 48 of 204

Example: 79.
Factorize: 25(a b)2 16(c d)2
Sol:
Put a b = x, c d = y
Therefore, 25 (a b)2 16 ( c d)2 = 25x2 16y2 = (5x)2 (4y)2
= (5x +4y) (5x 4y) = [5(a b) + 4(c d) ][5 ( a b) 4(c d)]
= (5a 5b + 4c 4d) (5a 5b 4c + 4d)
Example: 80.
Factorize ( a + b)3 ( a + b)
Sol:
(a + b) [(a + b)2 1] = ( a + b) ( a + b + 1) ( a + b 1)
Type 3 : Sum of two cubes
Identity: a3 + b3 = (a + b) ( a2 ab + b2) and a3 b3 = (a b) ( a2 + ab + b2)
Example: 81.
Factorize the following: 8a3 + 27b3 = (2a)3 + (3b)3 = (2a + 3b) (4a2 + 6ab + 9b2)
Example: 82.
1 x3 = 13 x3 = ( 1 x) ( 1 + x + x2)
Example: 83.
b3 +

c3
c 3
c
bc c2
= b3 + = b + b 2 +
27
3
3
9
3

Example: 84.
1 343a3 = 13 (7a)3 = (1 7a) (1 + 7a + 49a2)
Example: 85.
a 3b

b
1
1 3
1
a 1
= b a 3
= b a 3 = b a a 2 + +

64
64
4
4 16

Example: 86.
3a 6

3 b2

b6
b6
b2 4 a 2 b 2 b 4
= 3 a2
a +
= 3 a6
= 3 ( a2 )
+

9
27
3
3
9

Example: 87.
2a3 + 54b3 = 2(a3 + 27b3) = 2[(a)3 + (3b)3] = 2( a + 3b) (a2 3ab + 9b2).

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 49 of 204

Example: 88.
a3 8b3 + 2ax 4bx = (a3 8b3) + 2x ( a 2b)
= (a)3 (2b)3 + 2x ( a 2b)
= (a 2b) (a2 + 2ab + 4b2) + 2x ( a 2b)
= ( a 2b) ( a2 + 2ab + 4b2 + 2x)
Example: 89.
216 x3 = 63 x3 = ( 6 x) (36 + 6x + x2)
Example: 90.
2a 3 +

1
1
1 3
1
a 1
= 2 a 3 + = 2 ( a 3 ) + = 2 a + a 2 +
4
8
2
2 4

Type 4 : Problems
Identity : x4 + x2y2 + y4 = (x2 + y2 + xy) ( x2 + y2 xy).
Example: 91.
x4 15x2y2 + 9y4 = (x2)2 2(x2) (3y)2 9x2y2 + (3y2)2
= (x2 3y2)2 9x2y2 = (x2 3y2)2 - (3xy)2
= (x2 3y2 + 3xy ) (x2 3y2 3xy)
Example: 92.
x4 + 16x2 + 256 = [(x2)2 + 2(x2) (16) + (16)2] + 16 x2 2(x2) (16)
(x2 + 16)2 16x2 = (x2 + 16)2 (4x)2 = (x2 + 16 + 4x) (x2 + 16 4x)
Type 5 : Problems
Identity : a3 + b3 + c3 3abc = ( a + b + c) ( a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca)
Factorize:
Example: 93.
x3 8y3 27 18xy
Sol:
x3 8y3 27 18xy = (x)3 + (2y)3 + ( 3)3 3(x) ( 2y) ( 3)
= (x 2y 3) (x2 + 4y2 +9 + 2xy 6y + 3x)
Example: 94.
x3 y3 1 3xy.
Sol:
x3 y3 1 3xy = (x)3 + (-y)3 + (-1)3 3(x) ( y) ( 1)
= (x y 1) (x2 + y2 + 1 + x y + xy)

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 50 of 204

HCF and LCM of Algebraic expressions

HCF
Consider the numbers 24 and 36.
The set of factors of 24 is ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24)
The set of factors of 36 is ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36)
The set of factors of 24 and 36 is (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12)
12 is the highest among the common factor. Therefore 12 is called the highest common factor (HCF). Similarly in Algebra, the
factor with the highest degree among the common factors of the given algebraic expressions is their HCF.
Example: 95.
Find the H.C.F. of a2b2c, a2bc2
Sol:
The set of common factors is {a2, b, c, a2b, a2c, bc, a2bc}. Among these common factors a2bc is of the highest degree. Hence
a2bc is the HCF of a2b2c and a2bc2
Example: 96.
Find the HCF of 6a2b2, 8a2b2c, 12a2b
Sol:
The HCF of a2, a2, a2, is a2.
The HCF of b2, b2 and b is b.
Therefore, HCF of the expression is 2a2b (note that the HCF OF 6, 8 and 12 is 2.).
Example: 97.
Find the HCF of a2 7a + 12, a2 16, a3 64.
Sol:
a2 7a + 12 = (a 3) (a 4)
a2 16 = (a + 4) (a 4)
a3 64 = (a 4) (a2 + 4a + 16)
Therefore, HCF of the expression is (a - 4)
LCM
The LCM of two or more expressions is the expression of the least degree which is exactly divisible by each expression.
Example: 98.
Find the LCM of x2y, x3y2z, y2z2
Sol:
The LCM of x2y, x3y2z, y2z2 should contain x3y2 and z2 as factors. Hence their LCM is x3y2z2
Example: 99.
Find the LCM of a2b + ab2, a3 + a2b, a2 b2
Sol:
a2b + ab2 = ab(a + b)
a3 + a2b = a2 (a+b)
Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 51 of 204

a2 b2 = (a + b) (a b)
Therefore LCM is = a2b (a + b) (a b)
Example: 100.
Find the LCM of x2 6x + 5, x3 25x, x2 2x 15
Sol:
x2 6x + 5 = (x 1) (x 5)
x3 25x = x (x2 25) = x (x +5) (x 5)
x2 2x 15 = (x 5) (x + 3)
Therefore LCM = x(x 5) (x + 5) (x 1) (x + 3)

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 52 of 204

Practice Exercise - 1
1.

Resolve into factors: 4x2 + 12xy + 9y2 8x 12y. (Access Code - 01303001)
(1) (3x + 2y) (4x + 2y 3)
(2) (2x + 3y) (2x + 3y 4)
(4) (3x 2y) (2x + 3y + 4)
(3) (2x 3y) (2x + 3y + 4)

(5) None of these

2.

Find the values of m and n in the polynomial 2x3 + mx2 + nx 14 such that (x 1) and (x + 2) are its factors. (Access Code
- 01303002)
(1) m = 4, n = 5
(2) m = 9, n = 3
(3) m = 6, n = 7
(4) m = 5, n = 3
(5) m = 4, m = 3

3.

Resolve into factors: 16x2 72xy + 81y2 12x + 27y. (Access Code - 01303003)
(1) (6x 7y) (6x 7y 5)
(2) (4x 9y) (4x 9y 3)
(3) (4x + 9y) (4x + 9y + 3)
(4) (4x 9y ) (4x + 9y + 2 )

4.

5.

Factorize: a 2 +

7.

1
1

(3) a + + 1 a + + 1
a
a

1
1

(4) a + 1 a + 1
a
a

(2) 180

(3) 184

(4) 170

(5) 198

(3) 3b2

(4) 5b2

(5) 4b2

1
1
= 5, what will be the value of x 2 + 2 (Access Code - 01303007)
x
x
(2) 727
(3) 527
(4) 627

(5) 728

Resolve into factors: (Access Code - 01303006)

(a + b)2 2(a2 b2) + (a b)2
(1) 6b2
(2) 2b2

If

x+

x + y + 2 = 0, what will be the value of

(1) 4

9.

(5) a

x y
x 3 y3
+ = 6, find the value of 3 + 3 . (Access Code - 01303005)
y x
y
x

(1) 927

8.

2
+ 3 2a .(Access Code - 01303004)
a
a
2

1
1

(2) a + 1 a + + 1
a
a

(1) 176
6.

1
1

(1) a + 1 a + 1
a
a

If

(5) None of these

(2) 6

x 2 + y2 + z 2
x 2 yz

? (Access Code - 01303008)

(3) 5

(4) 8

Which of the following expression are exactly equal in value (Access Code - 01303009)
(a) (3x y)2 (5x2 2xy)
(b) (2x y)2
(c) (2x + y)2 2xy
(1) (a) and (b) only
(2) (a), (b) and (c) only
(3) (b) and (d) only
(4) (a), (b) and (d) only

(5) 2

(d) (2x + 3y)2 8y(2x + y)

(5) None of these

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 53 of 204

10. When 4x3 ax2 + bx 4 is divided by x 2 and x + 1, the respective remainders are 20 and 13. Find the values of a and b.
(Access Code - 01303010)
(1) a = 3, b = 2
(2) a = 5, b = 4
(3) a = 7, b = 6
(4) a = 9, b = 8
(5) a = 2, b = 1
11. When a polynomial f(x) is divided by x 3 and x + 6, the respective remainders are 7 and 22. What is the remainder when f(x)
is divided by (x 3) (x + 6)? (Access Code - 01303011)
(1)

5
x + 12
3

(2)

7
x + 14
3

(3)

5
x + 16
3

(4)

7
x + 12
3

(5) None of these

12. If (x 1) is a factor of Ax3 + Bx2 36x + 22 and 2B = 64A, find A and B (Access Code - 01303012)
(1) A = 4, B = 16
(2) A = 6, B = 24
(3) A = 2, B = 12
(4) A = 8, B = 16
(5) A = 3, B = 5
13. What is the value of the following expression? (Access Code - 01303013)
(1 + x) (1 + x2) (1 + x4) (1 + x8) (1 x)
(1) 1 + x16
(2) 1 x16
(3) x16
(4) x8 + 1

(5) x8 1

14. If (a + b + 2c + 3d) (a b 2c + 3d) = (a b + 2c 3d) (a + b 2c 3d), then 2bc is equal to (Access Code - 01303014)
(1) ad

(2)

3
2

(3) a 2 d 2

(4)

3d
2d

(5) 3 ad

15. Amar got a job of Rs. 5 lakh per annum from the campus of a reputed management institute. He pays 30% of his salary as
taxes and 30% of the remainder as rent of his apartment. What percent of his income is at his disposal? (Access Code 01303015)
(1) 50%
(2) 51%
(3) 49%
(4) 40%
(5) 45%
16. (xn an) is divisible by (x a) (Access Code - 01303016)
(1) For all values of n
(2) Only for even values of n
(3) Only for odd values of n
(4) Only for prime values of n

(5) None of these

17. If ( x 3 / 2 xy1/ 2 + x1/ 2 y y3 / 2 ) is divided by ( x1/ 2 y1/ 2 ) , the quotient is (Access Code - 01303017)
(1) x 2 + y 2

(2) x y

(3) xy1/ 2 + y1/ 2

(4) x 2 y2

(5) x + y

18. If x - 2 is a factor of the polynomial x5 3x4 ax3 + 3ax2 + 2ax + 4, find the value of a. (Access Code - 01303018)
(1)

3
2

(2)

2
3

(3)

5
3

(4)

3
5

(5)

1
3

19. Find the equation connecting a and b in order that 2x 4 7x 3 + ax + b may be divisible log ( x 3) . (Access Code 01303019)
(1) 3a + 2b = 27

(2) 3a + b = 27

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 54 of 204

(3) 3a + 27 = 2b

(4) 3a + 4b = 27

(5) 3a + 27b = 2

20. Factorization of

64 3
96 2 48
x 8
x +
x. is (Access Code - 01303020)
125
25
5

4x

2
(1)
5

21.

4x

+ 2
(2)
5

4x

+ 5
(3)
2

4x

5
(4)
2

(5) None of these

(4) 3

(5) 4

0.87 0.87 0.87 + 0.13 0.13 0.13

0.87 0.87 0.87 0.13 + 0.13 0.13 .(Access Code - 01303021)

(1) 0.5

(2) 1

(3) 2

22. Of y 2 + z 2 = ayz, 22 + x 2 = bzx, x 2 + y 2 = cxy (Access Code - 01303022)

(1) a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 4 = abc
(2) a 2 + b 2 + c 2 4 = abc
(3) a 2 + b 2 c2 + 4 = abc
(4) a 2 + b 2 + c 2 4abc = 0
(5) a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 4abc = 0
23.

x + a is a factor of x n + a n any (Access Code - 01303023)

(1) Odd positive integer

(2) Never positive integer
(3) even positive integer (4) both odd even positive integer
(5) None of these
th

24. R.D Sharma for lanIX PS No 4.12 option will be (Access Code - 01303024)
(1) 2
(2) 3
(3) 4
(4) 5

(5) 1

25. If x = 2 and n = 0 are the roots of the polynomial f (n) = 2x 3 5x 2 + ax + b the values of a and b is (Access Code 01303025)
(2) a = 2, b = 2

(1) a = 0, b = 2

(3) a = 4, b = 2

(4) a = 2, b = 4

(5) a = 2, b = 0

Use HB pencil only. Abide by the time-limit

SCORE SHEET
1

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

11

1 2 3 4 5

16

1 2 3 4 5

21

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

12

1 2

3 4 5

17

1 2 3 4 5

22

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

13

1 2 3 4 5

18

1 2 3 4 5

23

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

14

1 2 3 4 5

19

1 2 3 4 5

24

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 5

10

1 2 3 4 5

15

1 2 3 4 5

20

1 2 3 4 5

25

1 2 3 4 5

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 55 of 204

Practice Exercise - 2
1.

Let f (x) = a 0 x n + a1x n 1 + a 2 x n 2 + ... + a n 1x + a n , where a 0 , a1 , a 2 ..., a n are constants. If f(x) is divided by ax - b, the
remainder is(Access Code - 01303026)

b
(1) f
a

2.

If x +

4.

(2) 4

7.

2
5

(3) 0

(4) 3

(5) 1

(5) 4

2
5

(3)

3
5

(4)

3
5

(5) None of these

x 2 y2 z2
+
+
will be:(Access Code - 01303030)
yz xz xy

(2) 3

(3) 10

(4) 4

(5) 5

1
1
1
If x2 = y + z, y2 = z + x and z2 = x + y, the value of x + 1 + y + 1 + z + 1 will be(Access Code - 01303031)

(1) 4
(2) 3
(3) 0
(4) 2
(5) 1
(a b) 2
(b c) 2
(c a)2
+
+
= (Access Code - 01303032)
(b c)(c a) (a b)(c a) (a b)(b c)

(2) 0

(3) 3

(4) 1

(5) 4

give possible entression for the length and dreadth of the Rectangle whose area is 25a 2 35a + 12 (Access Code - 01303033)
(1) ( 5a + 4 ) ( 5a 3)

9.

(2)

If x + y + z = 0 the value of

(1) 2
8.

(5) None of these

Find the value of a if x 2 is a factor x3 3x + 5a.(Access Code - 01303029)

(1) 7

6.

a
(4) f

If x + a is a factor of the polynomial x4 - a2x2 + 3x - a, find the value of a.(Access Code - 01303028)
(1) 0
(2) 1
(3) 2
(4) 3

(1)

5.

a
(3) f
b

1
1
1
= 1 and y + = 1, find the value of z + (Access Code - 01303027)
y
z
x

(1) 2
3.

b
(2) f

(2) ( 5a 4 ) ( 5a + 3)

(3) ( 5a 4 ) ( 5a 3)

(4) ( 5a + 4 ) ( 5a + 3)

(5) Both 1 and 2

What is th possible inpression for the dinension of a cubeid whose volume is 2ky2 + 6ky 20k (Access Code - 01303034)
(1) ( 2k + 1) ( y 5 ) ( y 2 )

(2) ( 2k ) ( y + 5 ) ( y 2 )

(3) k 2 ( y + 5 ) ( y 2 )

(4) Both (2) and (3)

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 56 of 204

(5) All (1) (2) and (3)

10. What must be substracted from 4x 4 2x 3 6x 2 + x 5 so that result is equatly divisible by 2x 2 + x 1 ?(Access Code
- 01303035)
(1) 6
(2) 8
(3) 9
(4) 8
(5) 6
11. What must be added to x 4 + 2x 3 2x 2 + x 1 so that result is equactly divisible by x 2 + 2x 3 ?(Access Code - 01303036)
(2) x + 2

(1) 8

(4) x 2

(3) 6

(5) x 3

12. If f(x) is a Polynomial with integral cofficient and the leading cofficient is 1, then any integer, root of f(x) is a fector of(Access
Code - 01303037)
(1) Constant term
(2) Every natural number
(3) Every prime number
(4) Every prime and composite number
(5) None of these
13. Elinimate x, y between the equation x 2 y 2 = px qy, 4xy = qx + py, x 2 + y 2 = 1 (Access Code - 01303038)
1

(1) ( p + q ) 3 + ( p q ) 3 = 1

(2) ( p + q ) 3 + ( p q ) 3 = 1
(4) ( p + q ) 3 + ( p q ) 3 = 2

(3) ( p + q ) 3 + ( p + q ) 3 = 1

(5) None of these

14. Let three digit number A28, 3B 9, 62 c, when A, B, C are integer between 0 and, 9 be divisibile by a fined intger k, then the
determining.(Access Code - 01303039)
A
8
2
(1) k

3
9
B

(2) C

6
C
2

is divisible by

(3) Both n and c

(4) 3

(5) None of these

15. Find a, b, c when f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c f (0) = 6, f (2) = 11 and f (3) = 6 (Access Code - 01303040)
1
1
1
(1) a = , b = , c =
2
2
2

1
3
(2) a = , b = , c = 6
2
2

1
3
(3) a = , b = 6, c =
2
2

3
1
(4) a = 6, b = , c =
2
2

(5) None of these

Use HB pencil only. Abide by the time-limit

SCORE SHEET
1

10

13

11

14

12

15

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 57 of 204

Answer Key
Practice Exercise - 1

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(5)

6. (5)
7. (3)
8. (5)
9. (4)
10. (1)

11. (1)
12. (3)
13. (2)
14. (5)
15. (3)

16. (1)
17. (5)
18. (1)
19. (2)
20. (1)

21. (2)
22. (2)
23. (1)
24. (5)
25. (5)

Practice Exercise - 2
1. (1)
2. (5)
3. (1)

4. (1)
5. (2)
6. (5)

Chapter 3 | Polynomials | BMM10233 | 58 of 204

7. (2)
8. (3)
9. (4)

10. (5)
11. (1)
12. (1)

13. (4)
14. (1)
15. (2)