Level 3 Chemistry

91390 (3.4): Demonstrate understanding of

thermochemical rinciles and the roerties of articles
and su!stances
Credits: Five
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Check that you have been supplied with the resource sheet for Chemistry 9!9" #!.$%.
&ou should answer ALL parts of ALL 'uestions in this booklet.
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Check that this booklet has pages *+ in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank.
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3
-ame: Class:
0chool:
( give my permission for my answers to be placed on the 12( and -./A websites as examples
of student work) knowing that my name will not be used with the answer.
0igned:
Assessor3s
use only
&ou are advised to spend 4" minutes answering the 'uestions in this booklet.
3$.&'+#* #*.
(a) 5rite the electron configuration using s) p) d notation for:
&ym!ol .lectron configuration
6g
*7
As
8
!7
(b) 9ive a :ustification for each of the following:
(i) A chloride ion) Cl
+
) is larger than a chlorine atom) Cl) whereas a sodium ion) -a
7
) is
smaller than a sodium atom) -a.
Chemistry 9!9" #!.$%
*
Assessor3s
use only
(ii) A chlorine atom has a greater first ionisation energy than a sodium atom.
(c) #i% Complete the table below by drawing Lewis structures for the two molecules) drawing
the shape of each molecule) and naming the shape of each molecule.
%olecule +Cl
4
5
+0
6
Lewis structures
;iagram of shape
-ame of shape
Chemistry 9!9" #!.$%
!
Assessor3s
use only
#ii% 1he Lewis structures for the two molecules <Cl
!
and <Cl
=
are shown below. Compare
and contrast the shapes and the polarities of these two molecules.
2Cl
3
2Cl
6
Chemistry 9!9" #!.$%
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Assessor3s
use only
3$.&'+#* '7#
(a) #i% 5rite an e'uation for the reaction that represents the heat of combustion of
sulfur
c
H#0) s%.
#ii% >xplain why
c
H#0) s% and
f
H#0?
*
) g% have the same value.

(b) Ammonia can be oxidised to produce nitrogen) -
*
) and steam as shown in the e'uation
below:
$-@
!
#g% 7
!?
*
#g% *-
*
#g% 7 4@
*
?#g%

r
HA +*4B kC mol
+
Calculate the energy produced when ="." g of ammonia reacts as shown in the e'uation
above.
Chemistry 9!9" #!.$%
1his page has been deliberately left blank
=
Assessor3s
use only
(c) Ammonia gas can be oxidised to produce nitrogen monoxide) -?) and water as shown in the
e'uation below:
$-@
!
#g% 7 =?
*
#g% 4@
*
?#l% 7 $-?#g%
Calculate the enthalpy change)
r
H) for this reaction using the information given below.
-
*
#g%
7
!@
*
#g% *-@
!
#g%
r
H A +9* kC mol
+
*@
*
#g%
7
?
*
#g% *@
*
?#g%
r
HA +$D$ kC mol
+
-
*
#g%
7
?
*
#g% *-?#g%
r
HA 7D" kC mol
+
@
*
?#l% @
*
?#g%

vap
H
A 7$ kC mol
+
Chemistry 9!9" #!.$%
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Assessor3s
use only
3$.&'+#* '(/..
(a) <redict the entropy change for each of the following reactions by stating whether the entropy
will increase ?E decrease. 9ive a reason for each answer.
(i) Ammonium chloride solid -@
$
Cl#s% dissolves in water to form -@
$
7
#aq% and Cl
+
#aq%.
(ii) !?
*
#g% *?
!
#g%
(iii) -
*
?
$
#g% *-?
*
#g%
(b) At room temperature) *=FC) steam condenses to water as shown in the e'uation below. 1his
reaction occurs spontaneously.
@
*
?#g% @
*
?#l%
>xplain why this reaction is spontaneous by considering the entropy changes when steam
condenses.
Chemistry 9!9" #!.$%
B
Assessor3s
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(c) Gse the information in the table to answer the following 'uestion.
%olecule ,oiling oint 8C %olar mass 9 g mol
51
5ater) @
*
? "" D."
?xygen) ?
*
+D! !*."
@ydrogen sulfide) @
*
0 +4* !$
Compare and contrast the boiling points of water) oxygen) and hydrogen sulfide in terms of
the similarities and differences in the relative strengths of the attractive forces present
between particles.
Chemistry 9!9" #!.$%
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Assessor3s
use only
.:tra sace if re;uired.
Clearly num!er the ;uestion (if re;uired).
/uestion
number
Chemistry 9!9" #!.$%
9
Assessor3s
use only
.:tra sace if re;uired.
Clearly num!er the ;uestion (if re;uired).
/uestion
number
Chemistry 9!9" #!.$%
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