Commonly Asked Emergency Drugs

Emergency Drug Initial Dose Indications

Adenosine 6 mg
Atropine sulfate 0.5 1 mg.q 35 min !radycardia
Epinep"rine 1 mg.q 35 min Cardiac arrest
#asi$ 0.51 mg%kg &ulmonary edema
#idocaine 11.5 mg%kg 'entricular fi(rillation) 'entricular tac"ycardia
*agnesium sulfate 1+ g 'entricular tac"ycardia r%t "ypomagnesemia
*orp"ine ,ulfate 13 mg C"est pain) pulmonary edema
-arcan 0.0++mg -arcotic respiratory depression
-itroglycerine 0.. mg ,# C"est pain) pulmonary edema
'asopressin .0 units Cardiac arrest
Antidotes
Agents Antidotes
Acetaminop"en Acetylcysteine /*ucomyst0
Antic"olinesterase Atropine ,o.
Antic"olinergics &"ysostigmine
!en1odia1epines 2luma1enil
Coumadine 'itamin 3
Cyanide ,odium nitrate
Digo$in Digo$in immune fa( /Digi(ind0
Dopamine &"entolamine
4eparin &rotamine sulfate
5ron Defero$amine
#ead Dimercaprol) edentate disodium and succimer
*agnesium ,ulfate Calcium gluconate
-arcotics -alo$one

Drug Name Endings: What they can suggest you!!!
Endings class
6cain #ocal anest"etics
6cillin Anti(iotics
6dine Antiulcer agent
6done 7piod analgesics
6ide 7ral "ypoglycemics
6lam%
6pam Antian$iety
6micin%
6mycin Anti(iotics
6mine%
61ide Diuretics
6olol !eta (lockers
6pril ACE in"i(itors
6sone ,teroids
FREQUENTLY ASKED EDI!ATI"NS
Drugs Trade #$generics% !lassi&ication Desired E&&ects 'est Time to (e Ta)en "t*er !onsiderations
+ Amino,*ylline /t"eop"ylline0 !ronc"odilator 8o case (reat"ing A* % empty stomac" -o smoking
-o caffeine
C"eck "eart rate
- Am,*ogel /aluminum "ydro$ide0 Antacid p"osp"ate le9el !et:een meals and 4, ;i9e :it" glass of :ater
<eport melena
. Anta(use /disulfiram0 Antialco"olic agent A9oidance of alco"ol After 1+ "rs. stoppage from alco"ol -o alco"ol in any means
/ As,irin /A,A0 Antiinflammatory
Antipyretic
Analgesic
temperature
pain and inflammation
2ull stomac" C"eck for (leeding tendencies
,yrup of inpecae in case of o9erdose
0 Atro,ine S"/ Antic"olinergic and 'agolytic "eart rate and decrease
secretion s
30 &C 7(ser9e facial flus"ing
A9oid "ot en9ironment
1 'acterium /cotrimo$a1ole0 Anti(iotic /0 infection &C <eddis" urine
<as"es
Assess for signs of nep"roto$icity
2 'enadryl /dip"en"ydramine "cl0 Anti"istamine
Anti E&,
/0 allergy
/0 mo9ement syndrome
!est taken :it" food A9oid alco"ol
3 !elestone /(etamet"a1one0 ,teroids respiratory distress in ne:(orn !est taken :it" food *onitor :eig"t
4 !yto5an /cyclop"osp"amide0 Antineoplastic si1e of tumor A* 5ncrease fluids
*onitor C!C
+6 Dia(inase /c"lorpropaminde0 Antidia(etic agent -ormal glucose range A* *onitor for "ypoglycemia
++ Diamo5
/aceta1olamide0
Antiglaucoma antidiuretics urine output
9ertigo
A* :it" meals &"otosensiti9ity
+- Digo5in /lano$in0 Cardiac glycoside -ormal "eart rate A* Assess pulse rate
*onitor serum 3
+. Dilantin /p"enytoin0 Anticon9ulsant /0 sei1ure !est taken :it" food 8aper dosage
+/ Diuril /c"lorot"ia1ide0 Diuretics urine output !est taken :it" food <eport :eakness in t"e e$tremities
5ncrease 3 in t"e diet
+0 E,ine,*rine !ronc"odilator "eart rate A* Don=t operate mac"ineries and dri9e
automo(ile
Assess for increase pulse
+1 Flagyl /metronida1ole0 Anti"elmintic /0 "elmint" !est taken :it" food A9oid alco"ol
-ot to gi9e :it" anta(use
8etratogenic
+2 7aldol /"aloperidol0 Antipsyc"otic />0 symptoms of psyc"osis AC Assess !&
&"otosensiti9ity
+3 Kaye5alate &romote e$cretions of 3 serum 3 *ay cause constipation
*onitor serum potassium
+4 Lasi5 /furosemide0 Diuretic urine output A* 5ncrease intake of food ric" in 3
-6 Lit*ane /#iC730 Antimanic "yperacti9ity &C *onitor lit"ium to$icity
Decrease acti9ity
-+ Lo8eno5 /me9acor0 Antit"rom(otic /0 t"rom(osis ,oft (ristle toot"(rus"
-o ra1or
3eep protamine ,7.
-- agnesium S"/ Anticon9ulsant /0 con9ulsion Assess D8< and &<
Antidote is Calcium gluconate
-. astinon /pyridostigmine0 C"olinesterase in"i(itor muscle strengt" &C *onitor for muscle :eakness
Antidote is atropine ,7.
-/ at*ergine /met"ylergono9ine
maleate0
7$ytocic for post partum
atony
2irmly contracted uterus *onitor !&
<eport dyspnea
-0 onoamine o5idase in*i(itor Antidepressant 5mpro9ed sleeping pattern &C -o tyramine ric" food
Assess for "ypertensi9e crisis
*onitor !&
-1 Nitroglycerin Antiangina /0 c"est pain !est taken (efore any strenuous
acti9ity
8aken ,#? don=t c"e:
3eep ta(lets in dark container
-2 9ancrease /pancreatin0 &ancreatic en1yme /0 fat in t"e stool !et:een meal and snacks &reparation is enteric coated) don=t s"o:
7(ser9e for diarr"ea
-3 9*energan /promet"a1ine
"yroc"loride0
Anti"istamine /0 allergy Empty stomac" Antidote is epinep"rine
-4 Reser,ine /serpasil0 Anti"ypertensi9e !& !est taken :it" meals -o sudden c"ange of position
*onitor !& and &<
.6 Ritalin /met"ylp"enidate0 ,timulant "yperacti9ity A* % &C *onitor gro:t" and de9elopment
.+ Ro(a5in /met"ocar(amol0 ,keletal muscle rela$ant /0 muscle spasm A* -o alco"ol
Antidote @ Epinep"rine
.- Synt*roid /le9ot"yro$ine sodium0 8"yroid "ormone supplement -ormal 8. le9el A* *onitor !& and &<
.. Tagamet /cimetidine0 Antiacidity /0 "eart(urn !est taken :it" food A9oid smoking
./ T*ora:ine /c"lorproma1ine "cl0 Antipsyc"otic /0 positi9e signs of psyc"osis &C &"otosensiti9ity
*onitor !&
.0 ;alium /dia1epam0 Antian$iety /0 an$iety AC -o alco"ol) caffeine
.1 <ylocaine /lidocaine0 Antiarryt"mic -ormal "eart rate *onitor for to$icity con9ulsion
, % E @ tinnitus
.2 =ylo,rim /allopurinol0 Antigout uric acid !est taken :it" food 5ncrease fluid intake) restrict 9it. C
!ommon Tu(es
Ta(le or A,,aratus 9ur,ose E5am,les o& Use Key ,oints
*illerA((ott tu(e #onger t"an #e9in tu(e? "as
mercury of air in (ags so tu(e can
(e used to decompress t"e lo:er
intestinal tract
1. ,mall(o:el o(structions
+. 5ntussusception
3. 'ol9ulus
1. Care similar to t"at #e9in
-; tu(e irrigated.
+. connected to suction) not
sterile tec"nique
3. orders :ill (e :ritten on
"o: to ad9ance t"e tu(e
gently pus"ing tu(e a fe:
inc"es eac" "our) patient
position may affect
ad9ancement of tu(e
.. Arays determine t"e desired
location of tu(e
Cantor 8u(e 8o drain (ile from t"e common
(ile duct until edema "as
su(scri(ed
C"olecystectomy :"en a common
duct e$ploration /CDE0 or
c"oledoc"ostomy :as also done
1. !ile drainage is influenced
(y position of t"e drainage
(ag.
+. Clamp tu(es as ordered to
see if (ile :ill flo: into
duodenum) normally.
8tu(e A type of closed:ound drainage
connected to suctionused to
drain) a large amount of
serosaBnguineous drainage from
under an incision
1. *astectomy
+. 8otal "ip procedure
3. 8otal knee procedure
1. *ay compress unit) and
"a9e porta(le 9acuum or
connect to :all suction.
+. ,mall drainage tu(e may get
clogged p"ysician may
irrigate t"ese at times
4emo9ac A met"od of closed :ound
suction drainage indicate :"en
tissue displacement and tissue
trauma may occur :it" rigid drain
tu(es /e.g 4emo9ac0
1. -eurosurgery
+. -eck surgery
3. *astectomy
.. 8otal knee and "ip
replacement
5. A(dominal surgery
6. Crological procedure
Empty reser9oir :"en full) to
pre9ent loss of :ound drainage
and (ack contamination
Dackson&ratt ,ee 4emo9ac ,ee 4emo9ac ,ee 4emo9ac
8"ree:ay 2oley 8o pro9ide a9enues for constant
irrigation and constant drainage of
urinary (ladder
1. 8ransuret"ral resection
/8C<0
+. !ladder infection
Eatc" for (locking (y clots causes
(ladder spasms
5rrigant solution often "as
anti(iotic added to normal salin or
sterile :ater
,terile :ater rat"er t"an normal
saline may (e used for lysis of
clots
,uprapu(ic cat"eter 8o drain (ladder 9ia an opening
t"roug" t"e a(dominal :all a(o9e
t"e pu(ic (one
,uprapu(ic prostatectomy *ay "a9e orders to irrigate prn or
continuously
Creteral cat"eter 8o drain urine feom t"e pel9is of
one kidney) or for splinting ureter
1. Cystoscopy for diagnostic
:orkups
+. Creteral surgery
3. &yelotomy
-e9er clamp t"e tu(epel9is of
kidney only "olds .F m#
Cse only 5 m# sterile normal
saline if ordered to irrigate
!ommon Diagnostics 9rocedures
Nonin8asi8e Diagnostic 9rocedures
!*aracteristics:
1. it pro9ides an indirect assessment of organ si1e) s"ape) and % or function
+. it is safe
3. it is easily reproduci(le
.. it requires less comple$ equipment for recording
5. it does not require t"e :ritten consent of patient or guardian
;eneral -ursing 8asks@
1. Decrease patients an$ieties and offer support (y
a. E$plain purpose and procedure of test
(. Ackno:ledge questions regarding safety of t"e procedure
c. <emain :it" t"e patient :"ile t"e procedure is going on
+. Cse procedure in t"e collection of specimens t"at a9oids contamination
A. >ra,*ic studies o& 7eart and (rain
1. Electrocardiogram /EC;0 grap"ic record of electrical acti9ity generated (y t"e "eart during depolari1ation and repolara1ation.
diagnose a(normal cardiac r"yt"ms and coronary "eart disease

+. Ec"ocardiograp"y /ultrasound cadiograp"y0 grap"ic record of motions produced (y cardiac structure as "ig"frequency sound
9i(rations are ec"oed t"oug" c"est :all into t"e "eart.
used to demonstrate 9al9ular or ot"er structural deformities) detect pericardial effudion) diagnose tumors and cardiomegaly)
e9aluate prost"etic 9al9e function.
3. Electroencep"alogram /EC;0 grap"ic record of t"e electrical potentials generated (y t"e p"ysiological acti9ity of t"e (rain
used to detect surface lesions or tumors of t"e (rain and presence of epilepsy.
.. Ec"oencep"alogram (eam of ultrasound is passed t"oug" t"e "ead) and returning ec"oes are grap"ically recorded.
used to detect su(dural "ematomas) intracere(ral "emorr"age) or tumors.

!. Roentgenological studies $<?ray%
1. C"est used to determine si1e) contour of t"e "eart? si1e) location) and nature of pulmonary lesions@ pleural t"ickening and effusions@
pulmonary 9asculature@ disorder of t"oracic ones and soft tissues.
used lead s"ield to protect pregnant :oman
+. 3idney) Creter) and !ladder /3C!0 used to determine si1e) s"ape) and position of kidney) ureter and (ladder
-o special consideration
3. !reast /*ammograp"y0 e$amination of t"e (reast :it" or :it"out t"e inGection of t"e radiopaque su(stance into t"e duct of mammary
gland.
used to determined t"e presence of tumor or cyst /(est done a :eek after menstruation0
no deodorant) perfume) po:der) or ointment in underarm area on t"e day of Aray /contains Calcium o$alate0
*ay (e uncomforta(le due to t"e pressure on t"e (reast. /uses t:o $ray plates0
C. Roentgenological studies $FLU"R"S!"9Y% requires t"e ingestion or inGection of a contrast medium to 9isuali1e t"e target organ.
Additional Nursing Tas)@
a. Administration of enemies or cat"artics (efore t"e procedure and la$ati9e after.
(. 3eeping t"e patient -&7 61+ "ours (efore e$amination
c. Ascertain patient=s allergy and allergic reactions
d. 7(ser9ing for allergic reactions to contrast medium
e. &ro9iding fluid and food after procedure to pre9ent de"ydration
f. 7(ser9e stool for color and consistency until (arium passes
+@ U,,er >I $'arium sAalloA% ingestion of (arium sulfate or meglumine diatri1oate /;astrografin H:"ite and c"alky su(stanceI)
follo:ed (y fluoroscopic and $ray e$amination0
used to determine patency and cali(er of t"e esop"agus and to detect esop"ageal 9arices) mo(ility of gastric :all) presence of
ulcer) filling defects due to tumor) patency of pyloric 9al9e and presence of structural a(normalities
-@ LoAer >I $'arium Enema% rectal instillation of (arium sulfate follo:ed (y glouroscopic and $ray e$amination
used to determine contour and mo(ility of colon and presence of any spaceoccupying tumors. &erform (efore upper ;5
9atients ,re,arations:
no food after e9ening meal t"e e9ening (efore t"e test
stool softener la$ati9es and enema suppositories to cleanse t"e (o:el (efore t"e test
-&7 after midnig"t (efore t"e test
A&ter care:
increased fluid intake) food and rest
la$ati9es for at least t:o days or until stools are normal in color and consistency
.@ !*olecystogram ingestion of organic iodine contrast medium /8elepaque0 follo:ed in 1+ "our (y $ray 9isuali1ation
gall(ladder disease is indicated :it" poor or no 9isuali1ation of t"e (ladder
accurate only if ;5 and li9er function is intact
perform (efore (arium s:allo: and (arium enema
9atients ,re,arations:
administer large amount of :ater :it" contrast capsule
lo:fat meal (efore e9ening (efore $ray
oral la$ati9e of stool softener after meal
no food allo:ed after contrast capsule
A&ter care:
increased fluid intake) food and rest
o(ser9e for any unto:ard reactions

/@ Intra8enous 9yelogra,*y $I;9% inGection of a radiopaque contrast medium in t"e 9ein of t"e client to 9isuali1e ureter) (ladder and
kidney
9atients ,re,arations:
#a$ati9e in t"e e9ening (efore t"e e$amination
-&7 for 1+ "ours
Cleaning enema morning of t"e procedure
A&ter care:
increased fluid intake) food and rest?
o(ser9e for any unto:ard reactions
D. !om,uted Tomogra,*y $!T% an $ray (eam s:eeps around t"e (ody) allo:ing measuring of 9arious tissue densities. &ro9ides clear
radiograp"ic deficition of structures t"at are not 9isi(le (y ot"er tec"niques.
initial scan may (e follo:ed (y Jcontrast en"ancementK using an inGection of contrast agent iodine 9ia 9ein) follo:ed (y a
repeat scan.
9atients ,re,arations:
instructions for eating (efore test 9ary
clear liquids up to + "ours (efore t"e procedure are permitted
E. agnetic resonance imaging $RI% nonin9asi9e tec"nique t"at produces cross sectional images (y e$posure to magnetic energy sources.
5t uses no contrast medium? takes 300 minutes to complete. &atient may still for periods of 5+0 minutes at a time.
9atients ,re,arations:
patient can take food and medications e$cept for lo: a(dominal and pel9ic studies /food and fluid :it""eld0 .6 "r to
decrease peristalsis0
Restrictions
a. t"ose :"o "a9e metal implants
(. t"ose :it" permanent pacemakers
c. t"ose :"o are pregnant
2. Ultrasound $sonogram% B uses sound :a9es to diagnose disorders of t"e t"yroid) kidney) li9er) uterus) gall(ladder) fetus and intracranial
structures of t"e neonate.
9atients ,re,arations:
ad9ise client not to c"e: gum or smoke (efore t"e procedure
no $ray
for gall(ladder studies? -&7 for F "ours
for lo:er a(domen and uterus ? 3+ ounces of :ater &7 30 minutes (efore t"e procedure
;. 9ulmonary &unction studies
'entilatory studies use of incenti9e spirometer to determine "o: :ell t"e lung is 9entilating.
1. ;ital ca,acity $;!% B largest amount o& air t*at can (e e5,elled a&ter ma5imal ins,iration
Normal = 4000 5000 mL.
Decrease = indicate lung disease
Increase or decrease = indicate chronic obstructive lung disease
+. Forced e5,iratory 8olume $FE;% B ,ercentage o& 8ital ca,acity t*at can (e &orci(ly e5,ired in +C -C or . seconds@
Normal = 80 83% in sec
!0 !4% in " sec
!5 !#% in 3 sec

decrease = indicate e$%irator& air'a& obstruction
4. S,utum Studies
1. ;ross sputum e9aluations collection of sputum samples to ascertain quantity) consistency) color and odor
+. ,putum smear sputum is smeared t"inly on a slide so t"at it can (e studied microscopically.
used to determine cytological c"anges or presence of pat"ogenic microorganism
3. ,putum culture sputum samples are implanted or inoculated into special media.
used to diagnosed pulmonary infection
5. E5amination o& t*e gastric contents
1. ;astric analysis aspiration of t"e contents of t"e fasting stomac" analysis of free and total acid
(astric acidit& increase ) duodenal ulcer
(astric acidit& decrease ) %ernicious anemia an cancer o* the stomach
D. Do,,ler ultrasound B measures (lood &loA in t*e maDor 8eins and arteries@ T*e transducer o& t*e test instrument is ,laced on t*e s)inC
sending ultra?*ig*?&reEuency sound@
sound 9aries :it" respiration and 9alsal9a maneu9er
no discomfort to t"e patient.
3. >lucose Testing B to detect disorder o& glucose meta(olismC suc* as dia(etes@
1. 2asting (lood sugar /2!,0 (lood sample is dra:n after a 1+ fast /usually midnig"t0. Eater is allo:ed.
Normal blood glucose + ,0 "0 mg-dL
Diabetic %atient = ", mg-dL
+. + "r postprandial /&&!,0 (lood is taken after meal
9atients ,re,arations:
offer a "ig"car(o"ydrate diet for +. days (efore testing
patient fast o9ernig"t
eats a "ig"car(o"ydrate (reakfast
(lood sample is dra:n + "r inter9al
no cigarette smoking and caffeine for t"ese may increase glucose le9el
!ommon Diagnostics 9rocedures
In8asi8e Diagnostics 9rocedures
!*aracteristics:
1. it directly records t"e si1e) s"ape and function of an organ?
+. it requires t"e :ritten consent of t"e patient or guardian?
3. it may result in mor(idity and occasionally deat".
>eneral Nursing Tas):
+@ 'e&ore ,rocedure:
a. "a9e patient sing permit to procedure
(. ascertain and repot any patient "istory of allergy or allergic reaction
c. e$plain procedure (riefly and accurately
d. e$plain t"at contrast medium mig"t cause flus"ing or :arm feeling
e. keep patient -&7 61+ "our (efore procedure if anest"esia is to (e used
f. allo: patient to 9er(ali1e concerns
g. administer preprocedure sedati9es) as ordered
". if procedure done at (ed side@
remain :it" patient and offer reassurance
assist :it" optimal positioning of patient
o(ser9e for indication of complications s"ock) pain and dyspnea
-@ A&ter ,rocedure:
a. o(ser9e and record 9ital signs
(. c"eck inGection or (iopsy sites for (leeding) infection) tenderness) or t"rom(osis
report unto:ard reaction to t"e p"ysician
apply :arm compress to ease discomfort) as ordered
c. if tropical anest"esia is used during procedure) do not gi9e food or fluid until gag refle$ returns
d. encourage rela$ation (y allo:ing patient to discuss e$perience and 9er(ali1e feelings.
A@ 9rocedures to e8aluate t*e cardio8ascular system
1. Angiogra,*y intra9enous inGection of radiopaque solution or contrast for t"e purpose of studying its circulation t"roug" t"e
patient=s "eart) lungs and great 9essels.
Csed to c"eck t"e competency of t"e "eart 9al9es) diagnose congenital septal defects) study "eart function and structure
(efore cardiac surgery) detect occlusions of coronary arteries.
+. !ardiac cat*eteri:ation insertion of a radiopaque cat"eter into a 9ein to study t"e "eart great 9essels.
Csed to confirm diagnosis of "eart disease and determine e$tent of disease) measure pressures in t"e "eart c"am(er and great
9essels) o(tain estimate of cardiac output) and o(tain (lood samples to measure o$ygen content.
a. <ig"t "eart cat"eteri1ation cat"eter is inserted t"roug" a cutdo:n in t"e antecu(ital 9ein into t"e superior
9ena ca9a) t"roug" t"e rig"t atrium and 9entricle and into t"e pulmonary acti9ity.
(. #eft"eart cat"eteri1ation cat"eter may(e passed retrograde to t"e left 9entricle t"roug" t"e (rac"ial and
femoral artery) it can (e passed t"roug" t"e left atrium after rig"t"eart cat"eri1ation (y means of a special
needle t"at punctures t"e septa? or it may (e passed directly into t"e left 9entricle (y means of a posterior
puncture.
S,eci&ic nursing considerations:
1. &reprocedure patient teac"ing@
a. 2atigue is a common complaint due to lying still for 3 "r
(. 2eeling of fluttery sensation :"ile t"e cat"eter is passed (ack into t"e left 9entricle
c. 2lus"ed) :arm feeling may occur :"en contrast medium is inGected.
+. &ostprocedure o(ser9ations@
a. monitor EC; pattern for arr"yt"mias
(. c"eck e$tremities for color and temperature) perip"eral pulses for quality.
3. Angiograp"y /Arteriograp"y0 inGection of a contrast medium in to t"e arteries to
study t"e 9ascular tree.
Csed to determine o(structions or narro:ing of perip"eral arteries.
!. &rocedure to e9aluate t"e respiratory system
1. #ung scan inGection of radioacti9e isotope into t"e (ody) follo:ed (y lung scintiscan) :"ic" produces a grap"ic record of gamma rays
emitted (y t"e isotopes in t"e tissues.
used to determine lung perfusion :"en pulmonary em(oli and infarctions are suspected.
+. &ulmonary angiog"rap"y $ ray 9isuali1ation of t"e pulmonary 9asculature after t"e inGection of a radiopaque contrast medium.
used to e9aluate pulmonary disorders suc" as pulmonary em(olism) lung tumor and aneurysms) and c"anges in t"e pulmonary
9asculature due to suc" conditions as emp"ysema.
3. !ronc"oscopy introduction of a fi(eroptic scope into t"e trac"ea and (ronc"i
used to inspect trac"eo(ronc"ial tree for pat"ological c"anges) remo9e foreign (odies or mucous plugs causing air:ay
o(struction) and apply c"emot"erapeutic agents.
a. &re(ronc"oscopy inter9entions@
oral "ygiene
postural drainage as indicated
(. &ost(ronc"oscopy inter9entions@
5nstruct patient not to s:allo: oral secretions
,a9e e$pectorated sputum for la(oratory analysis
-&7 till gag refle$ returns
7(ser9e for su(cutaneous emp"ysema and dyspnea
Apply ice collar to reduce t"roat discomfort
.. 8"oracentesis needle puncture t"roug" t"e c"est :all and into t"e pleura
used to remo9e fluid and occasionally air from t"e pleural space
nursing considerations
a. position @ "ig" fo:ler=s position or sitting upon edge of t"e (ed) :it" feet supported on t"e c"air.
(. 5f t"e patient is una(le to sit up turn unto unaffected side
a. &osition@ "ig" fo:ler=s position or sitting upon edge of t"e (ed) :it" feet supported on t"e c"air.
(. 5f t"e patient= is una(le to sit upturn unto unaffected side
!@ 9rocedures to e8aluate t*e renal system
1. Renal angiogram small cat"eter is inserted into t"e femoral artery and passed into t"e aorta or renal artery) radiopaque fluid is in
stilled) and serial films are taken.
Csed to diagnose renal "ypertension and p"eoc"romocytoma and differentiate renal cyst from tumors.
9ostangiogram nursing actions:
1. C"eck pedal pulse for signs of decreased circulation.
+. !ystosco,y 'isuali1ation of (ladder) uret"ra) and prostatic uret"ra (y insertion of a
tu(ular) lig"ted) telescopic lens /cystoscope0 t"roug" t"e urinary meatus.
Csed to directly inspect t"e (ladder? collect urine from t"e renal pel9is? o(tain (iopsy specimens from (ladder and uret"ra? remo9e
calculi? and treat lesions in t"e (ladder) uret"ra) and prostate.
Nursing actions &olloAing ,rocedure:
7(ser9e for urinary retention
Earm sit1 (at"s to relie9e discomfort
3. Renal (io,sy needle aspiration of tissue from t"e kidney for t"e purpose of
microscopic e$amination.
9rocedures to e8aluate t*e digesti8e system:
+@ Eso,*agosco,y and gastrosco,y 9isuali1ation of t"e esop"agus) t"e stomac") and sometimes t"e duodenum (y means of a
lig"ted tu(e inserted t"roug" t"e mout".
-@ 9roctosco,y 9isuali1ation of rectum and colon (y means of a lig"ted tu(e inserted t"roug" t"e anus.
.@ 9eritoneosco,y direct 9isuali1ation of t"e li9er and peritoneum (y means of a peritoneoscope inserted t"roug" an
a(dominal sta( :ound.
/@ Li8er (ios,sy needle aspiration of tissue for t"e purpose of microscopic e$amination? used to determine tissue c"anges)
facilitate diagnosis) and pro9ide information regarding a disease course.
Nursing action:
1. &lace patient on rig"t side and position pillo: for pressure) to pre9ent (leeding.
0@ 9aracentesis needle aspiration of fluid from t"e peritoneal ca9ity used to relie9e e$cess fluid accumulation or for diagnostic
studies.
a. ,pecific nursing actions (efore paracentesis@
a. 4a9e patient 9oid to pre9ent possi(le inGury to (ladder during procedure
(. &osition sitting up on side of (ed) :it" feet supported (y c"air.
c. C"eck 9ital signs and perip"eral circulation frequently t"roug"out procedure
d. 7(ser9e for signs of "ypo9olemic s"ock may occur due to fluid s"ift from 9ascular
compartment follo:ing remo9al of protein ric" ascitic fluid.
(. ,pecific nursing actions follo:ing paracentesis@
a. Apply pressure to inGection site and co9er :it" sterile dressing.
(. *easure and record amount and color of ascitic fluid? send specimens to la( for diagnostic
studies.
D@ 9rocedures to e8aluate t*e re,roducti8e system in Aomen
1. !uldosco,y surgical procedure in :"ic" a culdoscope is inserted into t"e posterior 9aginal culdesac
Csed to 9isuali1e uterus) fallopian tu(e) and peritoneal contents.
+. 'reast (io,sy needle aspiration or incisional remo9al of (reast tissue for microscopic e$amination.
used to differentiate among (enign tumors) cysts) and malignant tumor in t"e (reast.
3. Uterotu(al insu&&lation $Ru(inFs Test% inGection of car(on dio$ide into t"e cer9ical canal.
Csed to determin fallopian tu(e patency
E@ 9rocedure to e8aluate t*e neuroendocrine system
+@ !ere(ral angiogra,*y &luorosco,ic 8isuali:ation o& t*e (rain 8asculature a&ter inDection o& a contrast medium into
t*e carotid or 8erte(ral arteries
used to locali1e lesions /tumors) a(scesses) and occlusions0 t"at are large enoug" to distort cere(ro9ascular (lood flo:.
-@ *yelogram t"roug" a lum(arpuncture needle) a contrast medium is inGected into t"e su(arac"noid space of t"e spinal
column to 9isuali1e t"e spinal cord.
Csed to detect "erniated or ruptured inter9erte(ral disks) tumors and cysts t"at compress or distort spinal cord.
Nursing consideration@
Ele9ate "ead of (ed L :it" :ater solu(le contrast
2lat position :it" oil contrast
'%s e9ery . "r for +. "r.
.@ Lum(ar ,uncture puncture of t"e lum(ar su(arac"noid space of t"e spinal cord:it" a needle to :it"dra: samples of
cere(rospinal fluid.
Csed to e9aluate C,2 for infections and determine presence of "emorr"age.
-ote@ not done if increased 5C& is suspected
&osition@ !efore @ fetal position % knee c"est position
After @ flat or supine
Test Indication
Antigen skin 8est to ruleout cancer of t"e lungs
!enedict=s test 2or glucose monitoring
!entonite 2lacculation 8est 8est for filariasis
!eutler=s test 8est for galactosemia
!lanc"ing test Determines t"e impairment in circulation
!ronsulpt"alein test #i9er angiograp"y
Caloric test 8est done (y placing :ater in t"e ear canal causes nystagmus. A test for inner ear
CD. determination C"ecking t"e immune status to A5D, patient
Cere(ral perfusion test 8est used to c"eck t"e cere(ral function
Coom(=s test Determines t"e production of t"e anti(odies. <"o;A* is gi9en /1
st
M+ "ours0
C&3 !! 8est for (rain muscles
C&3 *! 8est for cardiac muscles@ for *5
C&3 ** 8est for muscle inGury
Dark field illumination test and kalm test Determination for t"e presence of syp"ilis
Dick test Detect scarlet fe9er
Dull=s eye test Determines t"e presence of (lindness. Done in 1
st
ten days />0 normal /0 a(normal
E#5,A test Determines presence of 45'
;ram staining and Culture of cer9ical and uret"ral
smear
Determination for t"e presence of gonorr"ea
;ross "earing test 8est used (y :"ispering :ords or spoken 9oice test
;ut"rie test 8est for &3C
4eat and Acetic acid test 2or protein or al(umin detection
5mmunoc"romatograp"ic test A rapid assessment met"od done for filariasis. 8"e antigen test t"at can (e done at daytime
Dones Criteria 7ne :ay of diagnosing <"eumatic "eart fe9er
#epronin test A screening test for leprosy
#i9er en1yme test 2or ,;78 and ,;&8
#i9er profile test Determines 4epa( surface antigen
#um(ar puncture Determines for t"e presence of meningitis and encep"alitis. &osition t"e patient in side lying
position
*alaria smear 8est to confirm malaria? specimen is taken at t"e "eig"t or peak of fe9er
*antou$ test Determination for 8! e$posure
*eniere=s test 8est for 9esti(ular function
*et"ylene (lue test 2or ketone detection
*oloney test 4ypersensiti9ity test for Dip"t"eria
7$ytocin c"allege test Determines if t"e fetus can tolerate uterine contraction? />0 C, is necessary
&andy=s test Determines t"e presence of protein in t"e C,2
&"enosulpt"alein test 3idney angiogram
Nueckkenstedt=s test 8est t"at in9ol9e t"e compression of Gugular 9eins
<ectal s:a( Done in patient :it" c"olera) pin:orm detection
<inne 8est ,"ifted (et:een mastoid (one and t:o inc"es from t"e ear canal opening
<om(erg=s test Assess gait and station suc" as ata$ia
,c"ick test ,uscepti(ility test for dip"t"eria />0 no immunity /0 :it" immunity
,c"iller=s test ,taining t"e cer9i$ :it" an iodine solution. 4ealt"y tissues :ill turn (ro:n) :"ile cancerous
tissue resist t"e stain
,c"illing test Csed to patient :it" se9ere c"illing sensation? for confirmation of pernicious anemia
,c":a(ac" test Differentiate (et:een conducti9e and sensorineural deafness) mastoid of patient and e$aminer
,"ake test Determines t"e amount of surfactant in t"e lungs.
,kin test &urpose it to produce antigen reaction
,lit skin smear A confirmatory test for leprosy
,pecific gra9ity test 2or dia(etes mellitus and insipidus as :ell as for de"ydration
,perm count test 2or male infertility /lo: sperm counto9erse$0
,putum e$am 2or defection and sensiti9ity of causati9e microorganism) for pneumonia and 8!
,ulko:itc" test Crine test detection for calcium deficiency and calcium in t"e urine
,:eat c"loride test Csed to diagnosed cystic fi(rosis
8ensilon /Endop"onium0 test 2or rapid detection of myast"enia gra9is
8onometer 8est used to measure ocular tension and "elping in detecting early glaucoma -L1++0 mm4g
8orniquet test Done to determine presence of petec"iae in Dengue 4emorr"agic fe9er
8OA-3 test Determination for t"e presence of "erpes simple$
Ee(er test E9aluation of (one conduction. 8uning fork is placed on patient=s fore"ead or teet"
Eedal=s 8est 2or typ"oid fe9er determination
Eestern (lot test A confirmatory for A5D,
Arterial 'lood >ases
Ty,e !auses ani&estations anagement
Res,iratory Acidosis
p4PM.35?
&aC7+Q.5
. C7&D
. <espiratory
. 79erdose
. Atelectasis
. &ulmonary edema
. Aspiration
. Eeakness
. 8ac"ycardia
. Decreased #7C
. 4eadac"e
. Assess ',
. *onitor
. A!;
. C&8
. 8CD!
Res,iratory
Al)alosis
p4QM..5?
&aC7+P35
. 4yper9entilation
. An$iety
. &ain
. 'entilators
. #ig"t"eadedness
. <inging of t"e
ears
. 8ingling
. ,lo:
(reat"ing
. &aper (ag
eta(olic
Acidosis
p4PM.35?
4C73)++
. D3A
. Diarr"ea
. A,A poisoning
. <enal failure
. 4eadac"e
. -%'
. 3ussmaul
respiration
. Dysr"yt"mias
. Administer sodium
(icar(onate
. *onitor 5%7
. Cse sei1ure
precautions
eta(olic
Al)alosis
&4QM..5?
4C73Q+6
. 'omiting
. -;8
. Diuretics and
Antacids
. 8ingling
. Di11iness
. !radypnea
. *onitor ',
. 5%7
. A!;
Remem(er @ <espiratory 7pposite? *eta(olic Equal
Facts @ p4 L M.35 M..5 &C7+ L 3. .5 4C73L+++6