Purpose The main objective of this laboratory session was to build and analyze the behavior of the electrical system. As it was made on the previous session, an extension of the MATLAB called Simulink was used in order to create required system.
Procedure (Part I) This laboratory was made up of two main parts. In the first part, the process of designing (building) of the circuit was held.
Figure 1. Diagram of the electrical circuit
Part II As for the second part of the lab, the simulation process took part and the values of input (ei) and output (eo) were plotted at different frequencies. Taking into account the condition e i (t) = 5sint. As it was mentioned before the system was operating with sinusoidal wave with and amplitude of 5 Volts and on the initial frequency set to 0.05 Hz. The simulation time was measures in a period of 50 seconds. Looking at the following graph it could be observed that the peak value (i.e. amplitude) of e A is found to be at about 2.4-2.5 V whereas the amplitude of e O is around 0.1-0.3 V. What is more, slight shift of the second graph can be seen in comparison with the first one.
Figure 2. Graph of input and output values at frequency 0.05Hz
Code for frequency 0.05Hz R1 = 2; R2 = 2; R3 = 4; L = 0.5; C1 = 1; C2 = 4; sim('simulation_graph') subplot(2,1,1) plot(t, ei); grid xlabel('Time (s)') ylabel('Voltage (V)') text(8,4.5,'e_{i}') axis([0 50 -5.3 5.3]) subplot(2,1,2) plot(t, eA, '--', t, eo); grid xlabel('Time (s)') ylabel('Voltage (V)') text(8,2.5,'e_A') text(17,0.5,'e_o') Focusing our attention to the second case, where the value of frequency was set to f=0.5 Hz. As it can be observed from the graphs below, due to higher frequency the drastic increase of number of oscillations took part in this case. Turning to the values of e A and e O it could be seen that they follow the same pattern and the peak values were found at 0.65V and 0.1 V respectively. It is important to mention that during the first period e A is found to be in the transition region (i.e. not stabilized). As it was observed in the previous lower frequency level, the phase shift also takes place in this case.
Figure 3. Graph of input and output values at frequency 0.5 Hz.
Moving on to the last case, where the frequency was set to f=1 Hz. In this case it could be observed that the values of both e A and e O become lower comparing with the previous frequency levels. At 1 Hz the amplitudes of e A and e O appear to be at about 0.3 V and 0.05V (almost zero level) respectively. Even though both values represent that same pattern, at the beginning they also appear to be in the transition region. In last situation there can be clearly seen the transient part of both, e A and e O . The amplitude of e A is even smaller than in previous situation, and amplitude of e O is very small to calculate it correctly.
Figure 4. Graph of input and output values at a frequency 1Hz
Conclusion Summing up all the gathered information from the graphs it could be concluded that the increase of the frequency level affects the output value of the voltage i.e. as the frequency gets higher the value of the output voltage becomes lower. In addition, increased frequency level also influences the duration of the transition zone. As for the codes for three cases, they all appear to be the same, the only differences is the coordinates of ei, e A and e O were changed to be easier to read. Also, the range of the y-axis was changed in the third case in order to be clearer.