Vidyalankar Institute of Technology (VIT)

Department of Electronics Engineering (ETRX)

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3. Study of Binary Phase Shift Keying

1. Course, Subject & Experiment Details

Academic Year 2014 2015 Estimated Time Experiment No. 3 02 Hours
Course & Semester T.E. (ETRX) Sem. V Subject Name Digital Communication Lab
Chapter No 04 Chapter Title Digital Modulation Techniques
Experiment Type Hardware Performance Subject Code EXL 503

2. Aim and Objective of the Experiment

To study BPSK modulator and Demodulator technique by using suitable line codes and high frequency
carriers. It also helps in understanding the working of basic circuit elements like PLLs, Band Pass Filters
and Signal Squarer along with integrate and Dump circuits

3. Problem Statement

1. Connect the Basic Transmitter Blocks as Shown in the figure. Plot Waveforms at input and output
of Uni-polar to bipolar Converter, waveform at output of carrier generator, and BPSK Waveform for
the given Data Sequences
2. Connect the Basic Receiver Blocks as Shown in the figure. Plot Waveforms at input of Receiver,
O/p of Integrator and Dump circuit and O/P of the Comparator in the BPSK Receiver for the
transmitted sequence.

4. Brief theoretical Description

BPSK TRANSMITTER

The figure below shows a simple scheme for generating BPSK modulated signal without pulse shaping. A
commonly available balanced modulator (such as IC 1496) may be used as the product modulator to
actually generate the modulated signal. The basis function 1(t), shown as the second input to the product
modulator, can be generated by an oscillator. Note that the oscillator may work independent of the data
clock in general.

Vidyalankar Institute of Technology (VIT)
Department of Electronics Engineering (ETRX)
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BPSK modulated waveform for the binary sequence 10110. Note that the amplitude has been normalized to
1, as is a common practice.

BPSK RECEIVER:

Figure Below presents a scheme for coherent demodulation of BPSK modulated signal following the
concept of optimum correlation receiver. 1(t) is the regenerated carrier.









Vidyalankar Institute of Technology (VIT)
Department of Electronics Engineering (ETRX)
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5. Circuit Diagram and Experimental Set Up

TRANSMITTER:


RECEIVER:


Vidyalankar Institute of Technology (VIT)
Department of Electronics Engineering (ETRX)
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6. Apparatus Required

1. Trainer Kit of BPSK Transmitter and BPSK Receiver
2. Power Supply
3. Dual Trace DSOs
4. Patch Cords
5. Spectrum Analyzer

7. Design Steps and Experimental Procedures

A. BPSK Modulation
1. Connect the CLK, data, GND and 8 bit variable data generator to the corresponding CLK, data,
GND of data formatting and carrier modulation.
2. Set data pattern with help of 8 data select knobs S7,S6,S5,S4,S3,S2,S1,S0 on the variable
data generator
3. Connect the NRZ (L) I/P of uni-polar to bio-polar converter.
4. Connect 960 kHz or 1.44 Mhz in phase carrier at carrier I/P of upper carrier modulation circuit.
5. Connect the O/P of uni-polar to bipolar converter at modulating I/P of upper carrier modulation
circuit.
6. Observe the BPSK O/P of the upper modulator
7. Measure the phase, frequency & voltage of observed wave.
8. Plot the waveform on graph paper.
B. BPSK De-Modulation
1. Connect the BPSK O/P to PSK demodulator I/P
2. Connect the BPSK De-Modulator to low pass filters I/P
3. Connect the LPF O/P to data squaring circuit I/P(That is the comparator Circuit)
4. Observe the De-Modulated O/P and Plot waveforms
8. Observation table

Sr. No Bit Vectors
Transmitted Bit
Sequence and
BPSK Signal
(Insert pictures)
O/P of Integrator
and Dump Circuit
(Insert Pictures)
O/P of Low Pass
Filter
(Insert Pictures)
O/P of Comparator
(Insert Pictures)
1 10101010
2 11001100
3 1011010
4 10111001
*** Make this Table Separately In Word Editor. Insert Pictures and attach with Write Up



Vidyalankar Institute of Technology (VIT)
Department of Electronics Engineering (ETRX)
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9. Conclusions and Reference

Students should explain in brief the concluded outcome from the experiment & its inference, as obtained
from the observation table & the nature of the graph which explains the circuit behaviour as per the
conditions.

10. Practical and Real Life Application

The most popular wireless LAN standard, IEEE 802.11b[1][2], uses a variety of different PSKs depending
on the data-rate required. At the basic-rate of 1 Mbit/s, it uses DBPSK. To provide the extended-rate of 2
Mbit/s, DQPSK is used. In reaching 5.5 Mbit/s and the full-rate of 11 Mbit/s, QPSK is employed, but has to
be coupled with complementary code keying. The higher-speed wireless LAN standard, IEEE 802.11g[1][3]
has eight data rates: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 54 Mbit/s. The 6 and 9 Mbit/s modes use BPSK. The 12
and 18 Mbit/s modes use QPSK. The fastest four modes use forms of quadrature amplitude modulation.

11. Post Lab and Viva Questions

1. Does BPSK modulated signal have constant envelope?
2. Why coherent demodulation is preferred for BPSK modulation?
3. Do you think the knowledge of an optimum correlation receiver is useful for understanding the
demodulation of BPSK signal?
4. Sketch the spectrum of the signal at the output of a BPSK modulator when the modulating sequence is
1, 1, 1,1,1,1,
5. What is the significance of Euclidean Distance? Find it for BPSK from the constellation Diagram.