CHAPTER 14

Political Science (from the Greek word polis - city state and scire -
science or to know)
Social science dealing with a systematic study of the state in
its essential nature, form, manifestation, organization and
development.
Primary concern is to associate human beings into a political
community
Aristotle - Father of Political Science
Jean Bodin - coined the term Political Science

CHAPTER 15
State (political concept)
A community of persons more or less numerous occupying a
permanent definite territory and possessing a government of
their own free from external control (manifestation of
sovereignty) to which they render habitual obedience.
Nation (cultural concept)
group of people bound together by a common culture

Autonomous - government lesser intervention
Precedents - happened in the past
Constitutional law - give guidance
Ordinance law or statutory law - give details

POLIS = CITY STATE
4 elements:
1. People
entire body of citizens invested with political power
for political purposes.
2. Territory
Terrestrial (Land)
Fluvial (Bodies of water)
Internal/Inland (river, streams, etc.)
Territorial Sea (12 mile rule)
High/Open/International Waters
Aerial (Air space)
3. Government
Agency/Instrument of the state
4. Sovereignty
Ultimate will/Supreme power of the state
Internal - power of the state to rule within its
territory as manifested in its enactment
External - power of the state to carry out its
activities without interference from other
states.
Forms of Government
1. Monarchy
Traditional/Absolute - no limits/represent
god/absolute to all (make laws)
eg. Middle east countries/Sultan of Brunei
Constitutional/Limited - everything is based on the
constitution
eg. Queen of Britain/King of Thailand
2. Aristocracy/Oligarchy
The rich are the one ruling the masses (Elite)
3. Democracy (Demos - people Kratos - rule)
Democracy is a game of numbers

CHAPTER 16

Constitution
Body of rules or precedent covering affairs of a state.
Defines the structure and principles of government.
(Fundamental law and supreme law)

Classification of a Constitution
I. According to Form
Written - codified in a single document
Unwritten - codified in a multiple or different documents
II. According to Origin
Conventional/Enacted - intentionally made.
Evolved/Cumulative - not intentional (evolved constitution)
III. According to manner of Amendment (change)
Rigid/Inelastic - not easy to change
Flexible/Elastic - easy to change

POLITICS = POWER = CONTROL
Everything revolves in Politics

Spratlys - Kalayaan group of island
EEZ - Exclusive Economic Zone

Archipelagic Doctrine Principle
All water form that surround/connect/between islands will be
internal waters of the state.
200 miles additional

Modes of Territorial Acquizition
1. Discovery and Occupation
2. Subjugation and Annexation
3. Cession - transfer of territory
4. Prescription (for a long time no one questioned your
property)
5. Accretion - artificial (eg. moa - man made land)