-¨¡-E-¢√®Ωç 3 -´÷-Ja 2007
Bhavan: We are fortunate. Democracy is still
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 281
Bharat: (Have you) heard of the hot news?
(û√ñ«, ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ¢√®Ωh NØ√o¢√?)
Bhavan: (Do) you mean the government's
attempt to gag the media? Thank
God, before matters became too
hot, the government cancelled the
order.
(†’´y-†úøç, O’úÕߪ÷ ØÓ®Ω’-ØÌ-Íé\-ߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ
v°æ¶µº’ûªyç îËÆ œ† v°æߪ’-ûªo¢Ë’ éπü∆?
N≠æߪ’ç ´’K Bv´-´’-ßË’u-´·çüË v°æ¶µº’ûªyç
ûª† Öûªh®Ω’y ®Ωü¿’l-îË-ÆœçC)
gag= Å®Ω-´-ö«-EéÀ O™‰x-èπ◊çú≈ ØÓöx í∫’úøf-©’-èπ◊-éπ\ôç
The government has backed off
Bharat: That's very bad. That the govern-
ment could even think of it is really
shocking.
(ÅC ü∆®Ω’ùç. ÅÆæ©’ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç Ç
Nüµ¿çí¬ Ç™-*ç-îª-úø¢Ë’ î√™« Cví¬s¥çA
éπL-Tç-îË-Cí¬ ÖçC)
Bhavan: Our former classmate Aravind is a
member of the ruling party. Shall we
ask his opinion of it? Shall I call
him?
(´’† classmate Å®Ω-Nçü˛ ÅCµ-鬮Ω
party Æ涵º’uúË éπü∆? ¢√úÕ ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç
Åúø’-í∫’-ü∆´÷? phone îËߪ’Ø√?)
Bharat: Save yourself the trouble. What can
he say? He is only a back bencher
in the party, just as he was at school
and college. Who cares what he
thinks?
(Åçûª v¨¡´’-°æ-úø-éπ\-Í®xü¿’ †’´¤y. ¢√úËç
îÁ°æp-í∫-©úø’? ¢√úø’ party ™ v§ƒüµ∆-†uç-
™‰-E-¢√úø’. School, college ™ èπÿú≈
°ü¿l ®Ω’-Èéj† Nü∆uJn é¬ü¿’-éπü∆?)
Bhavan: The government backed off. That's
a big relief. Otherwise the govern-
ment would have been guilty of a
black law.
(v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ¢Á†èπ◊\ ûªT_çC. ÅC °ü¿l
Ü®Ωô. ™‰éπ-§ÚûË £æ…E-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† îªö«dEo
îËÆœ† üÓ≠œí¬ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç E©-•-úËüË.)
black law = v°æï-©èπ◊ î√™« £æ…E-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† îªôdç/
ü¿’®√t-®Ω_°æ¤ îªôdç
Bharat: The government had no choice. It
had found that it had its back to the
wall.
(v°æ¶µº’-û√y-EéÀ ÉçÍéç ´÷®Ω_ç ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·çC.
v°æû√u-´÷oߪ’ç àç éπE-°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’.)
Bhavan: Its plan to muzzle the media, it real-
ized, would back fire. It thought bet-
ter of it and cancelled the order.
(O’úÕߪ÷ ØÓ®Ω’-ØÌÍé\ÊÆ ûª† °æü∑¿éπç ´©x
ûª†Íé üÁ•sE v°æ¶µº’-û√y-EéÀ ûÁL-≤Ò-*açC.
é¬Ææh Ç™-*ç* Öûªh-®Ω’y†’ ®Ωü¿’l-îË-Ææ’-èπ◊çC)
muzzle = ØÓ®Ω’-ØÌ-Íé\-ߪ’ôç (´÷ö«x-úø-èπ◊çú≈)
muzzle èπ◊ Éûª®Ω Å®√n©’. 1) èπ◊éπ\©’, í∫’v®√-©’-
™«çöÀ ïçûª’-´¤© ØÓ®Ω÷, ´·èπ◊\ ®Ωçvüµ∆©÷ éπL°œ;
2) èπ◊éπ\©’ ™«çöÀN éπ®Ω-´-èπ◊çú≈, ¢√öÀ-´‚-AéÀ
GTçîË cover.
Bharat: If it had gone ahead with the order,
the people would have turned their
back on the ruling party.
(v°æ¶µº’-ûªy¢Ë’ í∫†’éπ Ç Öûªh-®Ω’y†’ Å´’-©’-
°æ-®Ω-îª-ôç™ ´·çü¿’Èé∞¡Ÿ}çõ‰ v°æï©’
ÅCµ-鬮Ω §ƒKdéÀ N´·-ê’-©ßË’u ¢√∞Ïx)
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
safe. OK. I've to go now. I've back
breaking work. I have to attend to it.
(´’†ç Eïçí¬ Åü¿%-≠d-´æ ç-ûª’-©¢Ë’. v°æñ«-
≤ƒy´’uç °æC©ç. ÆæÍ®. ØË ¢Á∞«xL. Ø√èπ◊
†úÕf-N-J-Ííçûª °æE ÖçC. ÅC îª÷ú≈L.)
Bharat: OK, then. Bye.
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺
Conversation ™ back ûÓ ´îËa expressions ´’J-
éÌEo îª÷ü∆lç. É´Fo èπÿú≈ ÆæJ-ßÁi’† Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x
¢√úÕûË, Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd Å´-ûªL ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ î√™« Ææ’©-
¶µº¢Á’i, communication Ææ’©-¶µº-´’-´¤-ûª’çC.
Look at the following expressions from
the conversation above.
1) He is only a back bencher in the party, as
he was at school and college.
2) The government has backed off.
3) It had found it had its back to the wall.
4) The people would have turned their back
on the ruling party.
5) Its plan to muzzle the press, it realized,
would back fire.
The expressions with 'back' are:
1) back bencher
2) back off
3) found it had its back to the wall
4) Turn their back on.
5) back fire
1) Back bencher = (school/ college
™«çöÀ
Nü∆u ÆæçÆæn™x) îªü¿’-´¤™ Åçûª ÇÆæ-éÀh-™‰-E-¢√úø’.
(¢Á†’éπ benches ™ èπÿ-ØË-¢√®Ω’). ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ÷™x
Åçûª v§ƒ´·-êuç-™‰E ≤ƒü∆-Æ‘ü∆ Æ涵º’u©’.
a) Though a back bencher at school he
excelled in studies at college = school
™ îªü¿’´¤ °æôx Åçûª ÇÆæéÀh ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ,
college ™ ´÷vûªç îªü¿’-´¤™  ¶«í¬ ®√ùÀç-
î√úø’.
excel = (àüÁjØ√ ®Ωçí∫ç™/ 鬮√u-éπ-™«-§ƒ™x)
®√ùÀç-îªôç.
she excels at music and art = ÆæçU-ûªç™
éπ∞¡™x Ç¢Á’ ®√ùÀ-≤ÚhçC.
excel ûª®√yûª in í¬F, at í¬F ´Ææ’hçC.
Excel èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*çüË excellent.
b) He is a back bencher in the party.
Nobody consults him on any matter =
Åûª†’ §ƒKd™ Åçûª v°æ´·-ê’-úø’-é¬úø’. á´®Ω÷
ÅûªEo à N≠æ-ߪ’ç-™†÷ Ææçv°æ-Cç-Ω’.
2) back off = ´uA-Í®-éπ-ûªèπ◊, áü¿’-öÀ-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ ¶µºßª’-°æúÕ
¢Á†èπ◊\ ûªí∫_ôç/ áü¿’-®Ω’-°æúÕ §Ú®√-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¶µºßª’-
°æ-úøôç.
a) The government has backed off from the
confrontation: ´·ë«-´·" §Ú®√ôç †’ç*/
´uA-Í®-éπ-ûª†’ áü¿’-®Ó\-™‰éπ, v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ¢Á†-èπ◊\-
ûª-T_çC.
Confrontation = é¬Ø˛-v°∂æç-õ„-ß˝’-≠æØ˛–
'鬗, 'ö¸ß˝’— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
Å®Ωnç = Ææ´’-Ææu-©†’/ ¨¡vûª’-´¤-©†’ áü¿’-®Ó\-´ôç,
´·ë«-´·" §Ú®√-úøôç.
b) I never expected him to back off from
the fight = §Ú®Ω’ †’ç* ¢Á†èπ◊\ ûªí∫’_-û√-úøE
؈-†’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’.
3) Have (some one's) back to the wall =
î√™« éÀx≠d-¢æ Á’i† °æJ-Æœn-A™ ´’†èπ◊ †îªaE E®Ωgߪ’ç
ûª°æp-E-Ææ-Jí¬ BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-Lq† °æJ-ÆœnA/ v°æû√u-´÷oߪ’ç
™‰éπ-§Ú-´ôç.
a) When the corruption charges were
proved against him, he had his back to
the wall and resigned his job = Åûª-E°j
ÅN-FA Ç®Ó-°æ-ù©’ ®Ω’V¢Áj-†-°æ¤úø’, àç
v°æû√u-´÷oߪ’ç ™‰éπ ®√@-Ø√´÷ Éî√aúø’.
2
corruption = ÅN-FA,
charges = Ç®Ó-°æ-ù©’
b) Confronted by the pho-
tographs, the murderer
had his back to the wall
and confessed to the
murder = photographs ûÓ
☺ E©-D-Æ œ-†-°æ¤úø’, £æ«çûª-èπ◊úø’ ÉçÍéç v°æû√u- v°æ¨¡o:
´÷oߪ’ç ™‰éπ £æ«ûªu îËÆœ-†ô’d îÁÊ°p-¨»úø’. Big - large, high - huge. -O-öÀ -´’-üµ¿u -ûË-ú≈-©
confess= îËÆ œ†ûª°æ¤p ä°æ¤p-éÓ-´ôç. í∫’-J-ç-* -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
confront = áü¿’-®Ó\-´ôç/ E©-D-ߪ’ôç.
– °œ. ¢Áç-éπ-ô-®√´¤,
Æ‘ûª-´’t-üµ∆®Ω, N¨»-ê-°æôoç.
4) Turn one's back on = ¢Á†’-A-®Ω-í∫ôç/ A®Ω-Ææ \-
ï¢√•’:
Jç-îªôç/ ´uA-Í®-éÀç-îªôç/ N´·-êûª îª÷°æôç.
i) big, large, hugeûÓ high èπ◊ Åçûª Ææç•çüµ¿ç
a) Her friends turned their back on her
because of her conceit = Ç¢Á’ í∫®Ωyç ´©x ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆, î√™« ûªèπ◊\´ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ûª°æp.
Big, large, huge éà high éà ûËú≈ î√™«-´’-ô’èπ◊
ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ´uA-Í®-éπ-´’-ߪ÷u®Ω’.
clear.
big - °æJ-´÷-ùç™ (size) °ü¿l-üÁj†. Large,
huge éÀ èπÿú≈ ÉüË Å®Ωnç ÖçC. Å®·ûË
Spoken English ™ °ü¿l ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ áèπ◊\-
´í¬ big ¢√úø-û√®Ω’ – large, huge ¢√úø®Ω’.
È®çúÓC, ´’†’-≠æfl-©†’ í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úË-ô°æ¤púø’
á°æ¤púø÷ large, huge ¢√úøç. Big ÅØË Åçö«ç
– °ü¿l size/ ´ßª’Ææ’†o ¢√∞¡x†’. ´÷´‚-©’-í¬
b) The people turned their back on the °-ü¿lí¬ Ö†o ņ-ö«-EéÀ big ¢√úøôç correct,
TDP Government because of its indiffer- large ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Large ¢√úøéπç formal written
ence to farmers = È®jûª’-©-°æôx E®Ωxéπ~uç ´©x English ™ØË áèπ◊\´. Huge Åçõ‰ î√™«,
TDP
v°æï©’ éÀ ´uA-Í®-éπ-´’-ߪ÷u®Ω’. î√™« °ü¿l ÅE. Big, large ņo-°æ¤púø’ °ü¿l
5) back fire = (°æü∑¿éπç ™«çöÀN) ûª©-éÀç-ü¿’-©-´ôç/
ņ’-èπ◊çõ‰, huge Åçõ‰ ¶«í¬ áèπ◊\´ °ü¿l-üÁj†
ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. @´¤©’
A°œp-éÌ-ôdúøç. °æü∑¿éπç ¢ËÆœ† ¢√∞¡xÍé £æ…E éπ©-í∫úøç
(´’†’-≠æfl©’/ ïçûª’-´¤©’)
a) Pak support of terrorism has back fired °ü¿l-¢Áj-†´Fo big. Å-¢Ë for-
with the terrorists attacking Pak targets mal English ™ ïçûª’-´¤-™„jûË
= large. (large man/ large
Öví∫-¢√-ü¿’©’ §ƒéÀ-≤ƒh-Ø˛™ ©é~¬u-©†’ üµ¿yçÆæç
îËߪ’ôçûÓ, Öví∫-¢√-ü¿’-©èπ◊ §ƒé˙ ´’ü¿lûª’ A°œp-éÌ- woman ņç). OöÀéÀ N’ç*
Éçé¬ Â°ü¿l-®·ûË huge.
öÀdçC.
large
Å®·ûË Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’
family, large numbers
Big man, big boy,
v°æ¨¡o: Åçö«ç.
big smile, big/ large ani-
Please let me know the difference between mal
Åçö«ç.
reminisce, recollect and recount.
Huge crowd, huge amount of money,
- B Apparao, Vizag
huge debts, huge success, etc.
Large eyes
¢√úøû√ç.
ï¢√•’:
i) Reminisce = To think, talk or write about the v°æ¨¡o:
happy or pleasant things of the past. I used to I, WE, SHE, THEY, WE, ANY
NAME AND ANY RELATIONSHIP in all
a) As we entered our college years after we
has left it we reminisced about our student tenses instead of my friend. But how could
I get in simple present tense (present
days there.
indefinite). Please give me one example in
b) He reminisced about a pleasant week that
simple present tense.
he had at the small village.
- Keerthana Kusuma e-mail.
ii) Recollect : Remember something, especially
by trying to remember it/ by making an effort
-ï-¢√-•’:
It's only in the present indefinite (simple
to remember it.
present) tense that the form
a) Try as he might he was
of the verb used for the sub-
unable to recollect what
jects I, We, You and they is
happened on the day of
different from the form of the
the accident. verb for he, (my friend,
b) I recollect everything of Gopal, My brother) She, (my
what he said on the day sister, my classmate, my
of the incident. mother) and it (the book, the pen) etc.
Recollect is rather old fashioned and formal I
}
He (my friend)
}
and not much in use in modern English. It is We
She (my sister) Writes
not used either in am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing You and Write
It (the pen)
form. They
iii) Recount = narrate/ describe an incident/ You add '-s' or '-es' to the verb form for he,
she and its.
an experience.
With not and in questions in the present
a) She recounted to the police what she had
simple tense, we use do for I, we, you &
seen at the accident spot (= She told the
they, and does for he, she, it, when 'does'
police)
is used we don't add 's'/ '-es' to the verb.
b) he recounted in detail his experience of eg: 1) She sings well
the space travel. She does not sing well.
2) He teaches well
He does not teach well
- M. SURESAN