Written report by Bobby Nikko Jay I.

Regenio BSBA- HRDM 3-6D

SECTION 26. (1) Every bill passed by the congress shall embrace only one
subject which shall be expressed in the title thereof.

BILL is a draft of a law submitted to the consideration of a legislative body for its adoptions.

Purposes of the constitutional requirements

To prevent hodge-podge or log logging legislation;
To prevent surprise or fraud upon the legislature; and
To fairly apprise the people, through in such publications of legislative proceedings as is
usually made, of the subjects of legislation that are being considered, in order that they
may have opportunity of being heard thereon by petition or otherwise, if they shall so
desire.

What is hodge-podge or log logging legislation?
Hodge-podge or log logging legislation (i.e., omnibus bill) refers to any measure
containing several subjects on unrelated matters combined together for the purpose of securing
the support of members of the legislative severally interested in the different subjects of the bills.

The constitutional provision prohibits the passage of the two classes of bills
1. A bill containing provisions (riders) not fairly embraced in its title or related to its subject
matter;
2. A bill a bill which embodies different subjects notwithstanding that all of them are
expressed in its title.

(2) No bill passed by either House shall become a law unless it has passed
three readings on separate days, and printed copies thereof in its final form
have been distributed to its Members three days before its passage, except
when the President certifies to the necessity of its immediate enactment to
meet a public calamity or emergency. Upon the last reading of a bill, no
amendment thereto shall be allowed, and the vote thereon shall be taken
immediately thereafter, and the yeas and nays entered in the Journal.
Urgent Bill is one with the certification from the President of the President of the necessity of its
immediate enactment to meet the public calamity/emergency.
Steps in the passage of a bill
1. Filing/Calendaring for First Reading
A bill is filed in the Office of the Secretary where it is given a corresponding number and
calendared for First Reading.
2. First Reading
Written report by Bobby Nikko Jay I. Regenio BSBA- HRDM 3-6D
Its title, bill number, and authors name are read on the floor, after which it is referred to the
proper committee.
3. Committee Hearings/Report
Committee conducts hearings and consultation meetings. It then either approves the proposed
bill without an amendment, approves it with changes, or recommends substitution or
consolidation with similar bills filed.
The Committee Report with its approved bill version is submitted to the Committee on Rules
for calendaring for Second Reading.
4. Second Reading
Bill author delivers sponsorship speech on the floor. Senators engage in debate,
interpellation, turno en contra, and rebuttal to highlight the pros and cons of the bill. A period of
amendments incorporates necessary changes in the bill proposed by the committee or introduced
by the Senators themselves on the floor.
Senators vote on the second reading version of the bill. If approved, the bill is calendared for
third reading.
5. Third Reading
Printed copies of the bills final version are distributed to the Senators. This time, only the
title of the bill is read on the floor. Nominal voting is held. If passed, the approved Senate bill is
referred to the House of Representatives for concurrence.
6. Referral to other House
The Lower Chamber follows the same procedures (First Reading, Second Reading and Third
Reading).
7. Submission to the Bicameral Conference Committee
If the House-approved version is compatible with that of the Senates, the final versions
enrolled form is printed. If there are certain differences, a Bicameral Conference Committee is
called to reconcile conflicting provisions of both versions of the Senate and of the House of
Representatives. Conference committee submits report on the reconciled version of the bill, duly
approved by both chambers. The Senate prints the reconciled version in its enrolled form.
8. Submission to the President
Final enrolled form is submitted to Malacaang. The President either signs it into law, or
vetoes and sends it back to the Senate with veto message.
Written report by Bobby Nikko Jay I. Regenio BSBA- HRDM 3-6D
SECTION 27. (1) Every bill passed by the Congress shall, before it becomes a
law, be presented to the President. If he approves the same, he shall sign it;
otherwise, he shall veto it and return the same with his objections to the
House where it originated, which shall enter the objections at large in its
Journal and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-
thirds of all the Members of such House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be
sent, together with the objections, to the other House by which it shall
likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of all the Members
of that House, it shall become a law. In all such cases, the votes of each House
shall be determined by yeas or nays, and the names of the Members voting
for or against shall be entered in its Journal. The President shall
communicate his veto of any bill to the House where it originated within
thirty days after the date of receipt thereof; otherwise, it shall become a law
as if he had signed it.
(2) The President shall have the power to veto any particular item or items in
an appropriation, revenue, or tariff bill, but the veto shall not affect the item
or items to which he does not object.
When bill may become a law
1. When the President approves the bill by signing it.
2. When he vetoes the bill and return the same with his objections to the House where it
originated, and the same is repassed over his veto by a vote of two thirds of all the
members of Both Houses.
3. If the President does not communicate his veto of any bill to the House where it
originated within thirty days after the date of receipts thereof, in which case it shall
become a law as if he had signed it.
Veto power of the President
Veto means I forbid or deny. It is the power vested in the President to disapprove
acts passed by Congress
Pocket Veto (disapproval of the bill by inaction on his part) is not allowed.
Partial Veto is allowed and applicable only to appropriation, revenue and tariff bills.
SECTION 28. (1) The Rule of Taxation shall:
be uniform and equitable
(Uniformity in taxation means that all taxable articles or properties of the same class shall
be taxed at the same rate while concept of taxation requires that the apportionment of tax
be more or less just in the light of the taxpayers ability to shoulder the tax burden)
Congress shall evolve a progressive system of taxation

Written report by Bobby Nikko Jay I. Regenio BSBA- HRDM 3-6D

(2) The Congress may, by law, authorize the President to fix
tariff rates
import and export quotas
tonnage and wharfage dues
and other duties or imposts within specified limits, and subject to such limitations
and restrictions as it may impose within the framework of the national development
program of the Government and subject to such limitations and restrictions as it may
impose.

(3) Exempted from Taxation
Charitable institutions
Churches and parsonages or convents appurtenant
Mosques
Non-profit cemeteries
All land buildings & improvements actually, directly and exclusively used for
religious, charitable, or educational purposes.

(4) No law granting tax exemption shall be passed without the concurrence of a majority
of all the Members of the Congress.