Sets, Relations and Functions

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kkpk;Z Academy and Resonant Classes Academy and Resonant Classes

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Academy
Academy
&
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Resonant Classes
Resonant Classes
MATHEMATICS
BY
Attri D.
****** Mathematics by Attri. D. ****** Mob : 9315820788******
0
nzks.kkpk;Z nzks.kkpk;Z Academy and Resonant Classes Academy and Resonant Classes
SETS, RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS
1
nzks.kkpk;Z Academy Resonant
Classes
S.C. F. 57, Sector 7 S.C.O. 53, Sector 17
Kurukshetra Kurukshetra
SETS
2
&
Type 1 (NCERT QUESTIONS)
Exercise 1.1
E.1.Write the solution set of the equation x
2
+ x 2 = 0 in roster form.
E.2.Write the set {x : x is a positive integer and x
2
< 40} in the roster
from.
E.3.Write the set A = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25...} in set-builder from.
E.4.Write the set {
7
6
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
, , , , ,
} in the set builder form.
E.5.Match each of the set on the left described in the roster form with
the same set on the right described in the set-builder form :
(i) {P, R, I, N, C, A, L} (a) {x : x is a positive integer and is
a divisor of 18)
(ii) {0} (b) {x : x is an integer and x
2
9 = 0}
(iii) {1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18} (c) {x : x is an integer and x + 1=1}
(iv) {3, 3} (d) {x : x is a letter of the word
PRINCIPAL}
1. Which of the following are sets? Justify your answer.
(i) The collection of all the months of a year beginning with the
letter J.
(ii) The collection of ten most talents writers of India.
(iii) A team of eleven best-cricket batsmen of the world.
(iv) The collection of all boys in your class.
(v) The collection of all natural numbers less than 100.
(vi) A collection of novels written by the writer Munshi Prem
Chand.
(vii) The collection of all even integers.
(viii)The collection of questions in this Chapter.
(ix) A collection of most dangerous animals of the world.
3
2. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Insert the appropriate symbol or in
the blank spaces :
(i) 5...A (ii) 8...A (iii) 0...A (iv) 4...A
(v) 2...A (vi) 10...A
3. Write the following sets in roster form :
(i) A = {x : x is an integer and 3 < x 7}
(ii) B = { x : x is a natural number less than 6}
(iii) C = {x : x is a two-digit natural number such that the sum
of its digits is 8}
(iv) D = {x : x is a prime number which is divisor of 60}
(v) E = The set of all letters in the word TRIGONOMETRY
(vi) F = The set of all letters in the word BETTER
4. Write the following sets in the set-builder from :
(i) (3, 6, 9, 12) (ii) {2, 4, 8, 16, 32}
(iii) {5, 25, 125, 625} (iv) {2, 4, 6,...}
(v) {1, 4, 9....,100}
5. List all the elements of the following sets :
(i) A = { x : x is an odd natural number}
(ii) B = { x : x is an integer,
2
9
2
1
< < x
}
(iii) C = { x : x is an integer, x
2
4}
(iv) E = { x : x is a month of a year not having 31 days}
(v) F = { x : x is a consonant in the English alphabet which
precedes k}
6. Match each of the set on the left in the roster form with the same
set on the right described in set-builder form :
(i) {1, 2, 3, 6} (ii) {x : x is a prime number and a
divisor of 6}
(ii) {2, 3} (iii) {x : x is an odd natural number less
than 10}
(iii) (M,A,T,H,E,I,C,S} (iv) {x : x is natural number and divisor
of 6}
(v) {1, 3, 5, 7, 9) (d) { x : x is a letter of the word
MATHEMATICS}
Exercise 1.2
4
E.6.State which of the following sets are fnite or infnite :
(i) { x : x N and (x 1) (x 2) =0}
(ii) { x : x N and x
2
= 4}
(iii) { x : x N and 2x 1 = 0}
(iv) {x : x N and x is prime}
(v) {x : x N and x is odd}
E.7.Find the pairs of equal sets, if any, give reasons :
A = { 0}, B = {x : x > 15 and x < 5}
C = {x : x 5 = 0} D { x : x
2
= 25}
E = {x : x is an integral positive root of the equation x
2
2x15=0}
E.8.Which of the following pairs of sets are equal? Justify your
answer.
(i) X, the set of letters in "ALLOY" and B, the set of letters in
"LOYAL".
(ii) A = {n : n N and n
2
4} and B = {x : x R x
2
3x + 2 =0}
1. Which of the following are examples of the null set
(i) Set of odd natural numbers divisible by 2
(ii) Set of even prime numbers
(iii) { x : x is a natural numbers, x < 5 and x > 7}
(iv) { y : y is a point common to any two parallel lines}
2. Which of the following sets are fnite or infnite
(i) The set of months of a year
(ii) {1, 2, 3,....}
(iii) {1,2,3,...99,100}
(iv) The set of positive integers greater than 100
(v) The set of prime numbers less than 99
3. State whether each of the following set infnite or infnite:
(i) The set of lines which are parallel to the x-axis.
(ii) The set of letters in the English alphabet
(iii) The set of numbers which are multiple of 5
(iv) The set of animals living on the earth.
(v) The set of circles passing through the origin (0,0).
4. In the following, state whether A = B or not :
5
(i) A = {a, b, c, d} B = {d, c, b, a}
(ii) A = {4, 8, 12, 16} B = {8, 4, 16, 18}
(iii) A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10) B = {x : x is positive even integer
and x 10}
(iv) A = {x : x is a multiple of 10}, B = {10,15,20,25,30,...}
5. Are the following pair of sets equal? Given reasons.
(i) A = {2,3}, B= {x : x is solution of x
2
+ 5x + 6 = 0}
(ii) A = {x : x is a letter in the word FOLLOW}
B = {y : y is letter in the word WOLF}
6. From the sets given below, select equal sets :
A = {2,4,8,12}, B = {1,2,3,4), C = {4,8,12,14}, D = {3,1,4,2}
E = {1,1}, F = {0, a}, G = {1,1}, H = {0, 1}
Exercise 1.3
E.9.Consider the sets
, A = {1, 3}, B = {1, 5, 9}, C = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
Insert the symbol or between each of the following pair of
sets:
(i) ...B (ii) A...B (iii) A...C (iv) B...C
E.10. Let A, B and C be three sets. If A B and B C, is it true that
A C?. if not, give an example.
1. Make correct statements by flling in the symbols or in the
blank spaces :
(i) {2,3,4}...{1,2,3,4,5} (ii) {a, b,c}...{b,c,d}
(iii) {x : x is a student of Class XI of your school}...{x : student
of your school
(iv) {x: x is a circle in the plane}...{x : x is a circle in the same
plane with radius 1 unit}
(v) {x : x is a triangle in a plane}...{x : x is rectangle in the
plane}
(vi) {x : x is an equilateral triangle in a plane}...{x : x is a
triangle in the same plane}
(vii) {x : x is an even natural number}...{ x : x is an integer}
2. Examine whether the following statements are true or false:
6
(i) {a,b} {b, c, a}
(ii) {a, e} [x : x is a vowel in the English alphabet)
(iii) {1,2,3} {1, 3, 5}
(iv) {a} {a, b, c}
(v) {a} {a, b, c}
(vi) {x : x is an even natural number less than 6} {x : x is a
natural number which divides 36}
3. Let A = {1, 2, {3, 4}, 5}. Which of the following statements are
incorrect and why?
(i) {3, 4} A (ii) {3, 4} A (iii) {{3,4}} A
(iv) 1 A (v) 1 A (vi) {1,2,5}A
(vii) {1,2,5} A (viii){1,2,3} A (ix) A
(x) A (xi) { } A
7
4. Write down all the subsets of the following sets
(i) {a} (ii) {a, b) (iii) {1, 2, 3} (iv)
5. How many elements has P (A), if A = ?
6. Write the following as intervals :
(i) {x : x R , 4 < x 6} (ii) {x : x R, 12 < x < 10}
(iii) {x : x R, 0 x < 7} (iv) {x : x R, 3, x 4}
7. Write the following intervals in set-builder form :
(i) (3, 0) (ii) [6, 12] (iii) (6, 12] (iv) [23, 5)
8. What universal set (s) would you propose for each of the
following :
(i) The set of right triangles (ii) The set of isosceles
triangles
9. Given the sets A = {1,3,5}, B = {2,4,6} and C = {0,2,4,6,8}, which
of the following may be considered as universal set (s) for all the
three sets A, B, and C
(i) {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} (ii)
(iii) {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} (iv) {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
Exercise 1.4
E.12.Let A = {2,4,6,8} and B = {6,8,10,12}. Find A B.
E.13.Let A = {a, e, i, 0, u} and B = {a, i, u}. Show that A B = A
E.14. Let X = {Ram, Geeta, Akbar} be the set of students of Class XI,
who are in school hockey team, Let Y = {Geeta, David, Ashok} be
the set of students from Class XI who are in the schools football
team. Find X Y and interpret the set.
E.15.Consider the sets A and B of Example 12. Find A B.
E.16.Consider the sets X and Y of Example 14. Find X Y.
E.17.Let A = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} and B = {2,3,5,7}. Find A B and
hence show that A B = B.
E.18.Let A = {1,2,3,4,5,6}, B = {2,4,6,8}. Find A B and B A.
E.19.Let V = {a,e,i,o,u} and B B = {a,i,k,u}. Find V B and B V.

1. Find the union of each of the following pairs of sets:
(i) X = {1,3,5} Y = {1, 2, 3}
(ii) A = [a, e, i, o, u} B = {a, b, c}
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(iii) A = {x : x is a natural number and multiple of 3}
B = {x : x is a natural number less than 6}
(iv) A = { x : x is a natural number and 1 < x 6}
B = {x : x is a natural number and 6 < x < 10}
(v) A = {1,2,3}, B =
2. Let A = {a, b}, B = {a,b,c}. Is A B? What is A B?
3. If A and B are two sets such that A B, then what is A B?
4. If A = {1,2,3,4}, B = {3,4,5,6}, C = {5,6,7,8} and D = {7,8,9,10};
fnd
(i) A B (ii) A C (iii) B C (iv) B D
(v) A B C (vi) A B D (vii) B C D
5. Find the intersection of each pair of sets of question 1 above.
6. If A = {3,5,7,9,11}, B = {7,9,11,13}, C = {11,13,15} and
D = {15,17}; fnd
(i) A B (ii) B C (iii) A C D
(iv) A C (v) B D (vi) A (B C)
(vii) A D (viii)A (B D) (ix) (A B) (B D)
(x) (A D ) (B C)
7. If A = { x : x is a natural number} , B = { x : x is an even natural
number} C = { x : x is an odd natural} and D = {x : x is a prime
number}, fnd
(i) A B (ii) A C (iii) A D
(iv) B C (v) B D (vi) C D
8. Which of the following pairs of sets are disjoint
(i) {1,2,3,4} and {x : x is a natural number and 4 x 6]
(ii) {a, e, i, o, u} and {c, d, e, f}
(iii) {x : is an even integer} and {x : x is an odd integer}
9. If A = {3,6,9,12,15,18,21}, B = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20}; fnd
(i) A B (ii) A C (iii) A D (iv) B A
(v) C A (vi) D A (vii) B C (viii)B D
(ix) C B (x) D B (xi) C D (xii) D C
10. If X = { a, b, c, d} and Y = {f, b, d, g}, fnd
(i) X Y (ii) Y X (iii) X Y
9
11. If R is the set of real numbers and Q is the set of rational
numbers, then what is R Q?
12. State whether each of the following statements is true or false.
Justify your answer.
(i) {2,3,4,5} and {3,6} are disjoint sets.
(ii) {a,e,i,o,u} and {a,b,c,d} are disjoint sets.
(iii) {2,6,10,14} and {3,7,11,15} are disjoint sets.
(iv) {2,6,10} and {3,7,11} are disjoint sets.
10
Exercise 1.5
E.20.Let U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10} and A = {1,3,5,7,9}. Find A'
E.21.Let U be universal set of all the students of Class XI of a
coeducational school and A be the set of all girls in Class XI.
Find A'.
E.22.Let U = {1,2,3,4,5,6}, A = {2,3} and B = {3,4,5}.
1. Let U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}, A = {1,2,3,4}, B = {2,4,6,8} and C =
{3,4,5,6}. Find (i) A' (ii) B' (iii) (A C)' (iv) (A B)' (v) (A')'
(vi) (B C)'
2. If U = {a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h}, fnd the complements of the following sets:
(i) A = {a,b,c} (ii) B = {d,e,f,g}
(iii) C = {a,c,e,g} (iv) D = {f,g,h,a}
3. Taking the set of natural numbers as the universal set, write
down the complements of the following sets:
(i) {x : x is an even natural number (ii) {x : x is an odd
natural number}
(iii) {x : x is a positive multiple of 3} (iv) {x : x is a prime
number}
(v) {x : x is a natural number divisible by 3 and 5}
(vi) {x : x is a perfect square} (vii) {x : x is a perfect cube}
(viii){x : x + 5 8} (ix) {x : 2x + 5 = 9}
(x) ( x : x 7} (xi) {x : x N and 2x +1 >10}
4. If U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}, A = {2,4,6,8} and B = {2,3,5,7}. Verify
that
(i) (A B)' = A' B'(ii) (A B)' = A' B'
5. Draw appropriate Venn diagram for each of the following :
(i) (A B)', (ii) A' B', (iii) (A B)' (iv) A' B'
6. Let U be the set of all triangles in a plane. If A is the set of all
triangles with at least one angle diferent from 60
0
, what is A'?
7. Fill in the blanks to make each of the following a true statement:
(i) A A' = ... (ii) A = ...
(iii) A A' = ... (iv) U' A = ...
Exercise 1.6
11
E.23.If X and Y are two sets such that X Y has 50 elements, X has
28 elements and Y has 32 elements, how many elements does
X Y have?
E.24.In a school there are 20 teachers who teach mathematics or
physics. Of these, 12 each mathematics and 4 teach both physics
and mathematics. How many teach physics?
E.25.In a class of 35 students, 24 like to play cricket and 16 like to
play football. Also, each student likes to play at least one of the
two games. How many students like to play both cricket and
football?
26. In a survey of 400 students in a school, 100 were listed as
taking apple juice, 150 as taking orange juice and 75 were listed
as taking both apple as well as orange juice. Find how many
students were taking neither apple juice nor orange juice.
E.27.There are 200 individuals with a skin disorder, 120 had been
exposed to the chemical C
1
, 50 to chemical C
2
, and 30 to both the
chemicals C
1
and C
2
. Find the number of individual exposed to :
(i) Chemical C
1
but not chemical C
2
(ii) Chemical C
2
but not chemical C
1
(iii) Chemical C
1
or chemical C
2
1. If X and Y are two sets such that n (X) = 17, n (Y) = 23 and n
(X Y) = 38, fnd n (X Y).
2. If X and Y are two sets such that X Y has 18 elements, X
has 8 elements and Y has 15 elements ; how many elements
does X Y have?
3. In a group of 400 people, 250 can speak Hindi and 200 can
speak English. How many people can speak both Hindi and
English?
4. If S and T are two sets such that S has 21 elements, T has 32
elements, and S T has 11 elements, how many elements
does S T have?
5. If X and Y are two sets such that X has 40 elements, X Y
has 60 elements and X Y has 10 elements, how many
elements does Y have?
12
6. In a group of 70 people, 37 like cofee, 52 like tea and each
person likes at least one of the two drinks. How many people
like both cofee and tea?
7. In a group of 65 people, 40 like cricket, 10 like both cricket
and tennis. How many like tennis only and not cricket? How
many like tennis?
8. In a committee, 50 people speak French, 20 speak Spanish
and 10 speak both Spanish and French. How many speak at
least one of these two language?
Miscellaneous Exercise
E.28.Show that the set of letters needed to spell "CATARACT" and the
set of letters needed to spell "TRACT" are equal.
E.29.List all the subsets of the set {1, 0, 1}
E.30.Show that A B = A B implies A = B
E.31.For any sets A and B, show that
P (A B) = P (A) P (B)
E.32.A market research group conducted a survey of 1000 consumers
and reported that 720 consumers like product A and 450
consumers like product B, what is the least number that must
have liked both products?
E.33.Out of 500 car owners investigated, 400 owned car A and 200
owned car B, 50 owned both A and B cars. Is this data correct?
E.34.A college warded 38 medals in football, 15 in basketball and 20
in cricket. If these medals went to a total of 58 men and only
three men got medals in al the three sports, how many received
medals in exactly two of the three sports?
1. Decide, among the following sets, which sets are subset of one
and another :
A = {x : x R and x satisfy x
2
8x + 12 =0},
B = {2, 4, 6}, C = {2, 4, 6, 8,....}, D = {6}
13
2. In each of the following, determine whether the statement is true
or false. If it is true, prove it. If it is false, give on example.
(i) If x A and A B, then x B
(ii) If A B and B C, then A C
(iii) If A B and B C, then A C
(iv) If A B and B C, then A C
(v) If x A and A B, then x B
(vi) If A B and x B, then x A
3. Let A, B, and C be the sets such that A B = A C and A B =
A C. Show that B = C
4. Show that the following four conditions are equivalent :
(i) A B (ii) A B = (iii) A B = B
(iv) A B = A
5. Show that if A B, then C B C A.
6. Assume that P (A) = P (B). Show that A = B
7. Is it true that for any sets A and B, P (A) P (B) = P (A B)?
Justify your answer.
8. Show that for any sets A and B
A = (A B) (A B) and A (B A) = (A B)
9. Using properties of sets, show that
(i) A (A B) = (ii) A (A B) = A.
10. Show that A B = A C need not imply B = C.
11. Let A and B be sets. If A X = B X = and A X = B X for
some set X, show that A = B.
12. Find sets A, B and C such that A B, B C and A C are non-
empty sets and A B C =
13. In a survey of 600 students in a school, 150 students were found
to be taking tea and 225 taking cofee, 100 were taking both tea
and cofee. Find how many students were taking neither tea nor
cofee?
14. In a group of students, 100 students know Hindi, 50 know
English and 25 know both. Each of the students knows either
Hindi or English. How many students are there in the group?
14
15. In a survey of 60 people, it was found that 25 people read
newspaper H, 26 read newspaper T, 26 read newspaper I, 9 read
both H and I, II read both H and T, 8 read both T and 1, 3 read
all three newspaper. Find :
(i) the number of people who read at least one of the
newspapers.
(ii) the number of people who read exactly one newspaper.
16. In a survey it was found that 21 people liked product A, 26 liked
product B and 29 liked product C. If 14 people liked products A
and B, 12 people like products C and A, 14 people liked
products B and C and 8 liked all the three products. Find how
many liked product C only.
TYPE II (Extra Practice Qe!ti"#)
1. Which of the following collections are sets?
(i) The collection of all prime numbers between 7 and 19.
(ii) The collection of rich persons in India.
(iii) Collection of all factors of 50 which are greater than 6.
(iv) The collection of all integers which are not natural
numbers.
2. Write the following sets by roster method :
(i) The set of all natural number 'x' such that 4x + 9 < 50.
(ii) The set of all integers 'x' such that x
2
+ 5x + 6 = 0.
(iii) The set of all natural numbers 'x' such that |x| 4.
(iv) The set of all integers 'x' such that |x 3| < 8.
3. Match each of the set on the left in the roster form with the same
set on right described in set builder form :
(i) {1,2,3,6} (a) {x : x is a prime number and a
divisor of 6}
(ii) {2,3} (b) {x : x is an odd natural number
less than 10}
(iii) {M,A,T,H,E,I,C,S}(c) {x : x is natural number and a
divisor of 6}
15
(iv) {1,3,5,7,9} (d) {x : x is a letter of the word
MATHEMATICS}
4. Describe the following sets by set property method:
(i) {6,10,14,18} (ii) {2,3,5,7,11}
(iii)
'
64
1
32
1
16
1
8
1
4
1
, , , ,
(iv) {0,3,8,15,24,35}
5. Describe the following sets by set property method :
(i) {1,5,9,13,17} (ii) {502,503,504}
(iii) {23,29,31,37,41,43}
6. Describe the following sets by the roster method :
(i) {x : x
2
+ 5x + 6 =0, x N}
(ii) {x : x
2
+ 6x + 8 =0, x N}
(iii) {x : 4x + 7 < 25, x N}
(iv) {x : x
3
+1 = 0, x N}
(v) the set of all letters in the word TRIGONOMETRY.
7. Which of the following sets are null sets?
(i) The set A of all prime numbers lying between 15 and 19.
(ii) A = {x : x < 5, x > 6}
(iii) A = {x : x
2
= 16 , x N}
(iv) A = {x : |x| < 4, x N}
8. Which of the following sets are singleton sets?
(i) The set of all prime numbers less than 3.
(ii) {x : |x| = 7, x N}
(iii) {x : x
2
+ 2x + 1 =0, x N}
(iv) {x : x
2
= 9, |x| 3, x N}.
9. Which of the following statements are true?
(i) If A = {x : x
2
= 4, x N}, B = {2}, then A B.
(ii) If A = {x : |x| <2, x Z}, B = {1,1}, then A = B.
(iii) If A = {1,2,3,4,5,5,}, B = {2,1,3,4,5}, then A = B.
(iv) If A = {x : x
2
5x +7 = 0, x R}, B = , then A = B.
10. Which of the following are true?
(i) If A = {3,6,7}, B = {2,3,7,8,10}, then A B.
(ii) If A = {1,5,5,5}, B = {1,3,5}, then A B.
(iii) If A = {x : x
2
+ 4x 21 = 0, x N}, B = {7, 3}, then A B.
16
(iv) If A = {x : x
3
1 = 0, x N}, B = {x : x
2
4x+3 = 0, x N},
then A B.
(i) If A = {1,3,7}, B = {1,3,5,7}, then A B and A B.
(ii) If A = {2,3,9}, B = {3,2,9}, then A B and A B.
(iii) If A = {1,2,3,6}, B = {2,3,6}, then B
/
A and B A.
(iv) If A = {1,5}, B = {1,3,4,6,9}, then A B, A B.
(i) {3,7} (2,10} (ii) (0, ) (4, )
(iii) (5, 7} {5, 7). (iv) {2,7] (1.9, 8).
13. Assume that P (A) = P (B). Prove that A = B.
14. Find A B if :
(i) A = {1,2,5}, B = {2,3,5,7,9}
(ii) A = {3,4,7}, B = {1,5,6,8}
(iii) A = , B = {2,6,8}
(iv) A = {6,7}, B = {1,5,6,7,9}
(v) A = {x : x = 2n +1, n 5, n N}, B = {x : x = 3n 2, n 4,
n N}
15. Find the smallest set Y such that Y {1,2} = {1,2,3,5,9}.
16. If A = {1,2,3,4}, B = {1,4,5,6}, C = {4,5,7,8,9}, verify that
(A B) C = A (B C).
17. Find A B if :
(i) A = 2, 3, 6}, B = {1,3,4,6,8}
(ii) A = {2,3,4,8}, B = {1,6}
(iii) A = , B {3,8,11}
(iv) A = {1,3,5}, B = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
(v) A = {x : x = 2n +1, n 6, n N}, B = {x : x = 3n 2, n 3, n
N}
18. If A = {4,5,7,8,10}, B = {4,5,9} and C = {1,4,6,9}, then verify that:
(i) (A B) C = A (B C)
(ii) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)
(iii) A (B C) = (A B) (A C).
19. Give an example to show that if A B and A B are given, then
A and B are not uniquely determinable.
17
20. Show that A B = A C need not imply B = C.
21. Find A B and B A if :
(i) A = {2,3,6}, B = {1,3,7,10}
(ii) A = {1,4,7}, B = {1,2,3,4,7,9}
(iii) A = {5,7,9,11,13,15}, B = {x : x = 2n +1, 2 n 7, n N}
(iv) A = {x : x >4, x <2}, B = {6,7,10,15}
(v) A = {3,6,7}, B = {1,2,5,8}.
22. If A = {4,5,8,12}, B = {1,4,6,9} and C = {1,2,4,7,8,10}, then fnd :
(i) A (B A) (ii) A (C B).
23. If A = {x : x = 4n +1, n 5, n N} and B = {3n : n 8, n N}, then
fnd :
(i) A (A B) (ii) A (A B) (iii) (AB)(AB).
24. Let X = {1,2,3,....,10} be the universal set. If A = {3,4,6,8}, fnd A'
and show that A A' = X, A A' = and (A')'= A.
25. Find A' for A = {3,6,7,8}, where universal set X is given by :
(i) X = {1,2,....,10} (ii) X = {1,2.....,15}.
26. If X = {1,2,3,......,12}, fnd A', where
(i) A = {1,4} (ii) A = {1,2,3,6,8,9,12}
(iii) A = (iv) A = X.
27. Let X = {1,2,3,.....,12}. A = {4,5,9,11} is a subset of B =
{1,2,4,5,8,9,11,12}. Verify that B' is a subset of A'.
28. For sets X = {1,2,3,.....,10} A = {1,2,5,6}, B = {6,7}, verify that :
A B = A B' = B' A'
29. If X = {1,2,3,......,11}, A = {2,5,9,10}, B {1,4,7,9}, then verify that:
(i) (A B)' = A' B' (ii) (A B)' = A' B'.
30. Show the following by Venn diagrams:
(i) Sets A and B, where A B
(ii) A B, A B, A B, B A, where A = {1,3,4,6,9} and B =
{3,4,5,8,11,12}.
(iii) A', where X = {1,2,....,10} and A = {2,3,6}.
(iv) A B, where A and B are any sets.
31. Illustrate by means of Venn diagrams that :
(i) A A B (ii) A B A (iii) A B = A B'
(iv) A B B' A'(v) (A B)' = A' B'.
18
32. For a set A of universal set X, prove that :
(i) A A' = X (ii) A A' = (iii) A = A
(iv) A = (v) (A')' = A.
33. Prove that A B = A B if A = B.
34. Let A and B be sets. If A X = B X = and A X = B X for
some show that A = B.
35. Show that the following four conditions are equivalent:
(i) A B (ii) A B =
(iii) A B = B (iv) A B = A
36. If A B = C and A B = , then show that A = C B
37. Prove that :
(i) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)
(ii) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)
(iii) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)
38. Let A and B be two fnite sets such that n (A B) = 15, n (A B)
= 90 n (A B) = 30. Find n (B).
39. Out of 500 car owners investigated, 400 owned cars A and 200
owned car B ; 50 owned both A and B cars. If this data correct?
40. There are 200 individuals with a skin disorder, 120 had been
exposed to the chemical C
1
, 50 chemical C
2
, and 30 to both the
chemicals C
1
and C
2
. Find the number in individuals exposed to:
(i) chemical C
1
but not chemical C
2
(ii) chemical C
2
but not chemical C
1
(iii) chemical C
1
or chemical C
2
.
41. In a survey of 600 students in a school, 150 students were found
to be drinking Tea and 225 drinking Cofee, 100 were drinking
both Tea and Cofee. Find how many students were drinking
neither Tea nor Cofee.
42. A market research group conducted a survey of 1000 consumers
and reported that 720 consumers liked product A and 450
consumers liked product B. What is the least number that must
have liked both Products?
19
43. There are 20 students in a Chemistry class and 30 students in a
Physics class. Find the number of students which are either in
Physics class or Chemistry class in the following cases:
(i) two classes meet at the same hour
(ii) the two classes meet at diferent hours and ten students
are enrolled in both the courses.
44. A town has population 25,000 out of which 13,000 read. The
Hindustan Times' and 10,500 read 'The Indian Express' and
2,500 read both papers. Find the percentage of population who
read neither of these newspaper.
45. In a class of 60 boys, there are 45 boys who play cards and 30
boys play carrom. Using set theory, fnd :
(i) How many boys play both games?
(ii) How many boys play cards only?
(iii) How many boys play carrom only?
46. A survey shows that 63% of the American like cheese whereas
76% like apples. If x% of the American like both cheese and
apples, fnd he values of x.
47. Of the number of three athletic teams in a school, 21 are in the
basketball team, 26 in hockey team and 29 in the football team.
14 play hockey and basketball, 15 play hockey and football, 12
play football and basketball and 8 play all the games. How many
members are there in all?
48. Each student in a class of 40, studies at least one of the subjects
English, Mathematics and Economics. 16 study English, 22
Economics and 26 Mathematics, 5 study English and Economics,
14 Mathematics and Economics and 2 English, Economics and
Mathematics. Find the number of students who study :
(i) English and Mathematics
(ii) English, Mathematics but not Economics.
49. In a class of 60 students, 23 play Hockey, 15 play Basketball
and 20 play Cricket. 7 play Hockey and Basketball, 5 play
Cricket and Basketball, 4 play Hockey and Cricket and 15
students do not play any of these games. Find :
20
(i) how many play Hockey, Basketball and Cricket?
(ii) how many play Hockey but not Cricket?
(iii) how many play Hockey and Cricket but not Basketball?
50. In a town of 10,000 families, it was found that 40% families buy
newspaper A, 20% families buy newspaper B and 10% families
buy newspaper C. 5% families buy A and B, 3% buy b and C and
4% buy A and C. If 2% families buy all the newspapers, fnd the
number of families which buy (i) A only (ii) B only (iii) none of A,
B and C.
51. In a survey of 25 students, it was found that 15 had taken
Mathematics, 12 had taken Physics and 11 had taken Chemistry,
5 had taken Mathematics and Chemistry, 9 had taken
Mathematics and Physics, 4 had taken Physics and Chemistry
and 3 had taken all three subjects. Find the number of students
that had (i) only chemistry (ii) only Mathematics (iii) only Physics
(iv) Physics and Chemistry but not Mathematics (v) Mathematics
and Physics but not Chemistry (vi) only one of three subjects (viii)
none of three subjects.
52. A college awarded 38 medals in Football, 15 in Basketball and
20 in Cricket. If these medals went to a total of 58 men and only
three men got medals in all the three sports, how many received
medals in exactly two of the three sports?
53. Find A B, if :
(i) A = {4,5,7}, B = {5,6,8}(ii) A = {2,4}, B = {1,2,3,4,6}
(ii) A = , B = {2,3,6,8} (iv) A = {3,4,6}, B =
(v) A = {1,4,7}, B = {3,5,9}
(vi) A = {x:x = 2
n
, n 4, n N}, B = {2,4,8,16}
1. Describe the following sets in Roster form:
(i) The set of all letters in the word 'MATHEMATICS'
(ii) The set of all letters in the word 'ALGEBRA'
21
(iii) The set of all vowels in the word 'EQUATION'
(iv) The set of all natural numbers less than 7.
(v) The set of squares of integers.
2. Describe the following sets in set-builder form :
(i) The set of all letters in the word 'PROBABILITY'
(ii) The set of reciprocals of natural numbers.
(iii) The set of all odd natural numbers.
(iv) The set of all even natural numbers.
3. Write the set of all integers whose cube is an even integer.
4. Write the set of all real numbers which cannot be written as
the quotient of two integers in the set-builder form.
5. Describe each of the following sets in Roster form
(i) {x : x is a positive integer and a divisor of 9}
(ii) {x : x Z and |x| 2 }
(iii) {x : x is a letter of the word 'PROPORTION'}
(iv)
'

+
N n where , n and
n
n
: x 3 1
1
2
6. Write the set of all vowels in English alphabet which precede
s.
7. Write the set A = |x| x Z, x
2
< 20} in the roster form.
8. Match each of the set on the left described in the roster from
with the same set on the right described in the set-builder
form
(i) {P,R,I,N,C,A,L} (a) {x : x is a positive integer and is a
divisor of 18}
(ii) {0} (b) {x : x is an integer and x
2
9 =0}
(iii) {1,2,3,6,9,18} (c) {x:x is an integer and x +1 =1
(iv) {3,3} (d) {x:x is a letter of the word'
PRINCIPAL'}
9. Write the set
'
10
9
9
8
8
7
7
6
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
, , , , , , , ,
in the set-builder form.
10. Write the set X =
'
,.. , , , ,
25
1
16
1
9
1
4
1
1
in the set-builder form.
22
11. Write the following sets in Roster form :
(i) A = {a
n
: n N, a
n+1
= 3a
n
and a
1
= 2}
(ii) B = {a
n
: n N, a
n+2
= a
n+1
+ a
n
, a
1
= a
2
= 1}
12. Which of the following sets are empty sets?
(i) A = {x : x
2
3 = 0 and x is rational}
(ii) B = {x : is an even prime number}
(iii) C = {x : 4 < x <5, x N}
(iv) D = {x : x
2
= 25, and x is an odd integer}
13. Find the pairs of equal sets, from the following sets, if any,
giving reasons :
A = {0}, B = {x : x > 15 and x < 5}, C = {x:x 5 = 0},
D = {x : x
2

= 25)
E = {x : x is an integral positive root of the equation
x
2
2x 15 =0}
14. Which of the following pairs of sets are equal? Justify your
answer.
(i) A = {x : x is a letter in the word "LOYAL"}
B = {x : x is a letter of the word "ALLOY"}
(ii) A = {x : x Z and x
2
8},
B = {x : x R and x
2
4x + 3 = 0}
15. State which of the following sets are fnite and which are
infnite.
(i) A = {x : x Z and x
2
5x + 6 =0}
(ii) B = {x : x A and x
2
is even}
(iii) C = {x : x Z and x
2
= 36}
(iv) D = {x : x Z and x > 10}
16. Consider the following sets :
, A = {1,2}, B = {1,4,8}, C = {1,2,4,6,8}
Insert he correct symbol or between each of the
following pair of sets:
(i) ...B (ii) A...B (iii) A...C (iv) B...C
23
17. Let A = {a,b,c,d}, B = {a,b,c} and C = {b,d}. Find all sets X
such that :
(i) X B and X C (ii) X A and X B
18. Let A = {1,2,3,4}, B = {1,2,3} and C = {2,4}. Find all sets X
satisfying each pair of conditions.
(i) X B and X C (ii) X B, X B and X C
(iii) X A, X B and X C
19. Let B a subset of a set A and let P (A : B) = |X P (A) : X
B}.
(i) Show that : P (A : ) = P (A)
(ii) If A = {a,b,c,d} and B = {a,b}. List all the members of
the set P (A : B)
20. Prove that A implies A = .
21. In each of the following, determine whether the statements is
true or false. If it is true, prove it. If it is false, give an
example.
(i) If x A and A B, then x B
(ii) If A B and B C, then A C
(iii) If A B and B C, then A C
(iv) If A B and B C, then A C
(v) If x A and A B, then x B
(vi) If A B and x B, then x A
22. Write he following subsets of R as intervals :
(i) {x : x R, 4 < x 6}
(ii) {x : x R, 12 < x < 10}
(iii) {x : x R, 0 x < 7}
(iv) {x : x R, 3 x 4}
23. Write the following intervals in the set-builder form :
(i) (7,0) (ii) [6,12] (iii) (6,12] (iv) [20,3)
24. Let A = {1,2{3,4},5}. Which of the following statements are
incorrect and why?
(i) {3,4} A (ii) {3,4} A (iii) {{3,4}} A
24
(iv) 1 A (v) 1 A (vi) {1,2,5} A
(vii){1,2,5} A (viii){1,2,3} (ix) A
(x) A (xi) {} A
25. For any two sets A and B, prove that A B = A B A
= B.
26. Let A, B and C be the sets such that A B = A C and A
B = A C. Show that B = C
27. Let A and B be sets, if A X = B X = and A X = B X
for some set X, prove that A = B.
28. For any two sets A and B, prove that :
P (A) = P (B) A = B
29. For any two sets A and B prove that:
P (A B) = P (A) P (B).
30. For any two sets A and B prove that
P (A) P (B) P (A B)
But, P (A B) is not necessarily a subset of P (A) P (B).
31. If a N such that aN = {ax : x N}. Describe the set 3N
7N.
32. If A = {1,3,5,6,11,13,15,17}, B = {2,4,6,...,18} and N is the
universal set, then fnd A' ((AB) B')
33. For any natural number a, we defne aN = {ax : x N}. If
b,c,d N such that bN cN = dN, then prove that d is the
l.c.m. of b and c.
34. Suppose A
1
, A
2
...A
30
are thirty sets such with fve elements
and B
1
, B
2
,...B
n
are n sets each with three elements. Let
S B A
j
n
j
i
i

1
30
1
. Assume that each element of S belongs to
exactly ten of the
'
i
A
s and exactly 9 of
s B
'
j . Find n.
35. Let A and B be two sets. Using properties of sets prove that:
(i) A B' = A B (ii) A' B =
A B
36. Let A and B be two sets. Prove that :
(A B) B = A if and only if B A
25
37. Let A,B and C be three sets such that A B = C and A
B = . Then, prove that A = C B.
38. Let A and B any two sets. Using properties of sets prove that
:
(i) (A B) B = A B (ii) (A B) A = A
(iii) (A B) B = (iv) (A B) A = A B'
39. For any two sets A and B prove by using properties of sets
that:
(i) (A B (A B) = (A B) (B A)
(ii) (A B ) (A B) = A
(iii) (A B) A = B A
40. For set A, B and C using properties of sets, prove that :
(i) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)
(ii) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)
(iii) (A B) C = (A C) (B C)
41. For sets A, B and C using properties of sets, prove that :
(i) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)
(ii) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)
42. If X and Y are two sets such that n (X) = 17, n (Y) = 23 and n
(X Y) = 38, fnd n (X Y).
43. In a group of 800 people, 550 can speak Hindi and 450 can
speck English. How many can speak both Hindi and
English?
44. In a class of 35 students, 24 like to play cricket and 16 like
to play football. Also, each student like to play at least one
of the two games. How many students like to play both
cricket and football?
45. In a group of 50 people, 35 speak Hindi, 25 speak both
English and Hindi and all the people speak at least one of
the two language. How many people speak only English and
not Hindi? How many people speak English?
26
46. There are 200 individuals with a skin disorder, 120 has
been exposed to chemical C
1
, 50 to chemical C
2
and 30 both
the chemical C
1
and C
2
. Find the number of individuals
exposed to (i) Chemical C
1
or chemical C
2
(ii) chemical C
1
but
not chemical C
2
(iii) chemical C
2
but not chemical C
1
.
47. Out of 500 car owners investigated, 400 owned Maruti car
and 200 owned Hyundai car; 50 owned both cars. In this
data correct?
48. If A and B be two sets containing 3 and 6 elements
respectively, what can be the minimum number of elements
in A B? Find also, the maximum number of elements in
A B.
49. A market research group conducted a survey of 2000
consumers and reported that 1720 consumers liked product
P
1
and 1450 consumers liked product P
2
. What is the least
number that must have liked both the products?
50. There are 40 students in a chemistry class and 60 students
in a physics class. Find the number of students which are
either in physics class or chemistry class in the following
cases :
(i) the two classes meet at the same hour.
(ii) the two classes meet at diferent hours and 20
students are enrolled in both the subjects.
51. If A, B and C are three sets and u is the universal set such
that n (u) = 700, n (A) = 200, n (B) = 300 and n (A B) =
100. Find n (A' B')
52. In a survey of 700 students in a college, 180 were listed as
drinking Limca, 275 as drinking Miranda and 95 were listed
as both drinking Limca as well as Miranda. Find how many
students were drinking neither Limca and Miranda.
27
53. A survey shows that 63% of the Americans like cheese
whereas 76% like apples. If x% of the Americans like both
cheese and apples, fnd the value of x.
54. In a class of 35 students, 17 have taken mathematics, 10
have taken mathematics but not economics. Find the number
of students who have taken both mathematics and
economics and the number of students who have taken
economics but not mathematics, if it is given that each
student who has taken either mathematics or economics or
both.
55. In a town of 10,000 families it was found that 40% families
buy newspaper A, 20% families buy newspaper B and 10%
families buy newspaper C. 5% families buy A and B 3% buy
B and C and 4% buy A and C. If 2% families buy all the
three news papers, fnd the number of families which buy (i)
A only (ii) B only (iii) none of A, B and C.
56. A college awarded 38 medals in Football, 15 in Basketball
and 20 to Cricket. If these medals went to a total of 58 men
and only three men got medals in all the three sports, how
many received medals in exactly two of three sports?
57. In a survey of 25 students, it was found that 15 had taken
mathematics, 12 had taken physics and 11 had taken
chemistry, 5 had taken mathematics and chemistry, 9 had
taken mathematics and physics, 4 had taken physics and
chemistry and 3 had taken all the three subjects. Find the
number of students that had
(i) only chemistry
(ii) only mathematics
(iii) only physics
(iv) Physics and chemistry but not mathematics
(v) Mathematics and physics but not chemistry
(vi) only one of the subjects.
28
(vii)at least one of the three subjects
(viii)none of the subjects.
29
RELATIONS AND FN!TIONS
Type I (NCERT Qe!ti"#!)
Exercise 2.1
E.1.If (x + 1, y 2) = (3.1), fnd the values of x and y.
E.2.If P = {a, b, c} and Q = {r}, from the sets P Q and Q P.
E.3.Let A = {1,2,3}, B = {3, 4} and C = {4,5,6}. Find
(i) A (B C) (ii) (A B) (A C)
(ii) A (B C) (iv) (A B) (A C)
E.4.If P = {1,2}, from the set P P P.
E.5.If R is the set of all real numbers, what do the Cartesian
products R R and R R R represent?
E.6.If A B = {(p, q), (p, r), (m, q), (m, r), fnd A and B.
1. If
,
_

,
_
+
3
1
3
5
3
2
1
3
, y ,
x
, fnd the values of x and y.
2. If the set A has 3 elements and the set B = {3, 4, 5}, then fnd the
number of elements in (A B).
3. If G = {7, 8} and H = {5,4,2}, fnd G H and H G.
4. State whether each of the following statements are true or false.
If the statement is false, rewrite the given statement correctly.
(i) If P = {m, n} and Q = {n, m}, then P Q = {(m,n), (n,m)}.
(ii) If A and B are non-empty sets, then A B is a non-empty
set of ordered pairs (x, y) such that x A and y B.
(iii) If A = {1,2}, B = {3,4}, then A (B ) = .
5. If A = {1, 1}, fnd A A A.
6. If A B = {(a, x), (a, y), (b, x), (b, y)}. Find A and B.
7. Let A = {1,2}, B = {1,2,3,4}, C = {5,6} and D = {5,6,7,8}. Verify
that
(i) A (B C) = (A B) (A C).
(ii) A C is a subset of B D.
8. Let A = {1,2} and B = {3,4}. Write A B. How many subsets will
A B have? List them.
30
9. Let A and B be two sets such that n (A)= 3 and n (B) = 2. If (x, 1),
(y, 2), (z, 1) are in A B, fnd A and B, where x, y and z are
distinct elements.
10. The Cartesian product A A has 9 elements among which are
found (1, 0) and (0, 1). Find the set A and the remaining
elements of A A.
Exercise 2.2
E.7.Let A = {1,2,3,4,5,6}. Defne a relation R from A to A by R {(x, y):
y = x + 1}
(i) Depict this relation using an arrow diagram.
(ii) Write down the domain, codomain and range of R.
E.8.The Fig. shows a relation between
the sets P and Q. Write this relation
(i) in set-builder form, (ii) in roster
from. What is its domain and range?
E.9.Let A = {1, 2} and B = {3, 4}. Find the number of relations from A
to B.
1. Let A = {1, 2, 3,..., 14}. Defne a relation R from A to A by R = {(x,
y) : 3 x y = 0, where x, y A}. Write down its domain,
codomain and range.
2. Defne a relation R on the set N of natural numbers by
R = {(x, y) : y = x + 5, x is a natural number less than
4 : x, y N}. Depict this relationship using roster form. Write
down the domain and the range.
3. A = {1, 2, 3, 5} and B = {4, 6, 9}. Defne a relation R from A to B
by R = {(x, y) : the diference between x and y is odd; x A, y
B}. Write R in roster form.
4. The fg. shows a relationship
between the sets P and Q. Write
this relation.
(i) in set-builder form (ii) roster
from. What is its domain and
range?
5. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}. Let R be the relation A defned by
31
{(a, b) : a, b A, b is exactly divisible by a}.
(i) Write R in roster from
(ii) Find the domain of R
(iii) Find the range of R.
6. Determine the domain and range of the relation R defned by
R = {(x, x + 5) : x {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}}.
7. Write the relation R = { (x, x
3
) : x is a prime number less than 10}
in roster form.
8. Let A = {x, y, z} and B = {1, 2}. Find the number of relations from
A to B.
9. Let R be the relation on Z defned by R = {(a, b) : a, b Z, a b is
an integer}. Find the domain and range of R.
Exercise 2.3
E.10.Let N be the set of natural numbers and the relation R be defned
on N such that R = {(x, y) : y = 2x, x, y N}.
E.11.Examine each of the following relations given below and state in
each case, giving reasons whether it is a function or not?
(i) R = {(2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 2)}
(ii) R = {(2, 2), (2, 4), (3,3), (4,4)}
(iii) R = {(1, 2), (2,3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6), (6, 7)}.
E.12.Let N be the set of natural numbers. Defne a real valued function
f : N N by f (x) = 2x + 1. Using this defnition, complete the
table given below :
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y f (1) =... f (2)=... f (3)=... f (4) =... f (5) =... f (6) =... f (7) =..
E.13.Defne the function f : R R by y = f (x) = x
2
, x R. Complete the
Table given below by using this defnition. What is the domain
and range of this function? Draw the graph of f.
x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
y = f(x) = x
2
E.14.Draw the graph of the function f = R R defned by f (x) = x
3
, x
R.
32
E.15.Defne the real valued functions f : R {0} defned by f (x)
x
1
,
x R {0}. Complete the Table given below using this defnition.
What is the domain and range of this function?
x 2 1.5 1 0.5 0.25 0.5 1 1.5 2
y =
x
1
E.16.Let f (x) = x
2
and g (x) = 2x +1 be two real functions. Find
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x
g
f
, x fg , x g f , x g f

,
_
+
.
E.17.Let f (x) = x and g (x) = x be two functions defned over the set
of non negative real numbers. Find (f + g) (x), (f g) (x), (fg) (x)
and
,
_
g
f
(x).
1. Which of the following relations are functions? Give reasons. If it
is a function, determine its domain and range.
(i) {(2,1), (5,1), (8,1), (11,1), (14,1), (17,1)}
(ii) {(2,1), (4,2), (6,3), (8,4), (10,5), (12,6), (14,7)}
(iii) {(1,3), (1,5), (2,5)}.
2. Find the domain and range of the following real functions :
(i)
( ) | x | x f
(ii) ( )
2
9 x x f
3. A function f is defned by f (x) = 2x 5. Write down the values of
(i) f (0), (ii) f (7), (iii) f (3).
4. The function 't' which maps temperature in degree Celsius into
temperature in degree Fahrenheit is defned by
( ) 32
5
9
+
C
C t
.
5. Find the range of each of the following functions.
(i) f (x) = 2 3x, x R, x > 0.
(ii) f (x) = x
2
+ 2, x is a real number.
(iii) f (x) = x, x is a real number.
E.18.Let R be the set of real numbers.
Defne the real function
f : R R by f (x) = x +10
and sketch the graph of this function.
33
E.19.Let R be a relation from Q to Q defned by R = {(a,b) : a, b Q
and a b Z}. Show that
(i) (a,a) R for all a Q.
(ii) (a,b) R implies that (b, a) R
(iii) (a,b) R and (b, c) R implies that (a,c) R.
E.20.Let f = {(1,1), (2,3), (0, 1), (1, 3)} be a linear function from Z
into Z.
E.21.Find the domain of the function f (x) =
4 5
5 3
2
2
+
+ +
x x
x x
.
E.22.The function f is defned by
( )
'
> +
<
0 1
0 1
0 1
x , x
x ,
x , x
x f
1. The relation f is defned by ( )
'
10 3 3
3 0
2
x , x
x , x
x f
The relation g is defned by ( )
'

10 2 3
2 0
2
x , x
x , x
x g
2. If f(x) = x
2
, fnd
( ) ( )
( ) 1 1 1
1 1 1
.
f . f
.
3. Find the domain of the function ( )
12 8
1 2
2
2
+
+ +
x x
x x
x f
4. Find the domain and the range of the real function f defned by
( ) ( ) 1 x x f
.
5. Find the domain and the range of the real function f defned by
( ) | x | x f 1
.
6. Let
'
,
_
+
R x :
x
x
, x f
2
2
1
be a function from R into R. Determine the
range of f.
34
7. Let f, g : R R be defned, respectively by f (x) = x +1, g (x) =
2x 3. Find f + g, f g and
g
j
.
8. Let f = {(1,1), (2,3), (01), (1, 3)} be a function from Z and Z
defned by f (x) = ax + b, for some integers a, b. Determine a, b.
9. Let R be a relation from N to N defned by = {(a,b) : a, b N and
a = b
2
}. Are the following true?
(i) (a,a) R, for all a N (ii) (a,b) R, implies (b, a) R
(iii) (a,b) R, (b,c) R implies (a,c) R.
10. Let A = {1,2,3,4}, B = {1,5,9,11,15,16} and f = {(1,5), (2,9), (3,1),
(4,5), (2,11)} Are the following true?
(i) f is a relation from A to B justify your answer in each case.
(ii) f is a function from A to B.
11. Let f be the subset of Z Z defned by f = {(ab, a+b) : a, b Z}.
Is f a function from Z to Z? Justify your answer.
12. Let A = {9,10,11,12,13) and let f : A N be defned by f (n) = the
highest prime factor of n. Find the range of f.
Type II (Extra Practice Qe!ti"#!)
RELATIONS
54. If (2x + y, 7) = (5, y 3), fnd the values of x and y.
55. Let A = {1,2,4} and B = {2, 6, 10}, then write A B.
56. If A = {2, 5}, from the set A A A.
57. If A = {3,4,6}, B = {1,3} and C = {1,2,6}, then fnd :
(i) A (B C) (ii) B (A C) (iii) A (B C)
(iv) (A B) (A C)
58. If A B = {(1,2), (1,3), (1,6), (7,2), (7,3), (7,6)}, fnd the sets A and
B.
59. State whether each of the following statements are true or false.
If the statement is false, rewrite the given statement correctly.
(i) If P = {m,n} and Q = {n, m}, then P Q = {(m,n), (n,m)}.
(ii) If A and B are non-empty sets, then A B is a non-empty
35
set of ordered pairs (x, y) such that x B and y A.
(iii) If A = {1,2} and B = {3,4}, then A (B ) = .
60. Let A and B be two sets such that n (A) = 3 and n (B) = 2.
If (x, 1), (y, 2), (z,1) A B, fnd A and B, where x,y,z are
distinct elements.
61. Let A be a non-empty set such that A B = A C. Show that
B = C.
62. If A = {1,4}, B = {2,3,6} and C = {2,3,7}, then verify that :
(i) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)
(ii) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)
(iii) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)
63. If A = {2,3}, B = {6,8}, C = {1,2}, and D = {6,9}, then verify that :
(i) (A B) (C D)= (A C) (B D)
(ii) (A B) (C D) (A C) (B D)
64. If A B, C D, then prove that A C B D
65. Prove that :
(i) (A B) (C D) = (A C) (B D)
(ii) (A B) (C D) (A C) (B D)
66. Let A = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} and R = {(x, 2x +1) : x A) be a relation
on A. Represent this relation by using (i) tabular diagram (ii)
arrow diagram.
67. If A = {1,3,5,7}, B = {2,5}, fnd the number of relations from A to
B.
68. Determine the domain and range of the relation R defned by
R = {(x, x + 5) : x {0, 1,2,3,4,5}}
69. Let A = {1,2,3,4,6}. Let R be the relation on A defned by {(a,b) :
a, b A, b is exactly divisible by a}.
(i) Write R in roster form (ii) Find the domain of R.
(iii) Find he range of R.
70. Let A = {2,3,4,5,6}. Let R be he relation on A defned by {(a,b) : a
A, b A, a divides b}. Find (i) R (ii) domain of R (iii) range of R.
Also represent this relation by (a) an arrow diagram (b) a table
diagram.
36
71. Let A = {1,2,3,4,5} and B = {1,2,3,....67}. If R be a relation from
the set A to the set B defned by (i) is square root of (ii) is cube
root of, fnd R and also its domain and range.
72. Let R be the relation on Z defned by R = {(a,b), a, b Z, a
2
= b
2
}.
Find (i) R (ii) domain of R (iii) range of R.
73. Determine the domain and range of the following relations on R:
(i)
'
< <
,
_
N x , x :
x
, x R 6 0
1
1
(ii) R
2
= {(x, x
2
+ 7) : x is an even natural number}.
74. The given diagram shows a relation from set P to set Q. Write this
relation.
(i) in set builder form
(ii) in roster form
What are its domain and range?
75. Let A = {1,2,3,...,14}. Defne a relation R from A to A by R =
{(x,y) : x y = 0, where x, y A. Depict this relationship using an
arrow diagram. Write down its domain, codomain and range.
76. Let R be the relation on Z defned by R = {(a,b) : a, b Z, a b is
an even integer}. Find the domain and range of R.
77. In the set of natural numbers, Let R be the relation defned on N
as a Rb if and only if a, b N and a + 2b = 11. Write R as the set
of ordered pairs. Find the domain of R and the range of R. Also
write R
-1
.
58. Find x and y, if (x + 3, 5) = (6, 2x + y).
59. If A = {1,3,5,6} and B = {2,4}, fnd A B and B A.
60. If A = {1,2,3}, B = {3,4} and C = {1,3,5}, fnd
(i) A (B C) (ii) A (B C)
(iii) (A B) (A C)
61. Let A = {1,2,3} and B = {x : x N, x is prime less than 5}.
Find A B and B A.
62. If A B = {(a,1), (a,5), (a,2), (b,2), (b,5), (b,1), fnd B A.
63. If A = {1,2}, form the set A A A.
37
64. Express A = {(a,b) : 2a + b = 5, a, b W} as the set of
ordered pairs.
65. If A B = {(a,1), (b,3), (a,3), (b,1), (a,2), (b,2)}, fnd A and B.
66. Let A and B be two sets such that A B consists of 6
elements. If three elements of A B are : (1,4), (2,6), (3,6).
Find A B and B A.
67. The cartesian product A A has 9 elements among which
are found (1,0) and (0,1). Find the set A and the remaining
elements of A A.
68. Let A and B be two sets such that n (A) = 5 and n (B) = 2. If
a, b, c, d, e are distinct and (a,2), (b,3), (c,2), (d,3), (e,2) are
in A B, fnd A and B.
69. Let A = {1,3,4} and B = {2,3}. Represent the following
products graphically i.e. by lattices :
(i) A B (ii) B A (iii) A A
70. If A = {1,3,5} , B = {x, y} represent the following products by
arrow diagrams :
(i) A B (ii) B A (iii) A A (iv) B B
71. If A = {1,2,3}, B = {4,5,6}, which of the following are relation
from A to B? Give reasons in support of your answer.
(i) R
1
= {(1,4), (1,5), (1,6)}
(ii) R
2
= {(1,5), (2,4), (3,6)}
(iii) R
3
= {(1,4), (1,5), (3,6), (2,6), (3,4)}
(iv) R
4
= {(4,2), (2,6), (5,1), (2,4)}.
72. A relation R is defned from a set A = {2,3,4,5} to a set
B = {3,6,7,10} as follows : (x,y) R x divides y. Express R
as a set of ordered pairs and determine the domain and
range of R. also, fnd R
-1
.
73. If R is the relation "less than" from A = {1,2,3,4,5} to
B = {1,4,5}, write down the set of ordered pairs
corresponding to R. Find the inverse of R.
74. A relation R is defned on the set Z of integers as follows :
38
(x,y) R x
2
+ y
2
= 25
75. Let R be the relation on the set N of natural numbers defned
R = {(a,b) : a + 3b = 12, a N, b N}. Find :
(i) R (ii) Domain of R (iii) Range of R
76. Let A = {1,2,3,4,5,6}. Defne a relation R on set A by
R = {(x,y) : y = x + 1}
(i) Depict this relation using an arrow diagram.
(ii) Write down the domain, co-domain and range of R.
77. The adjacent fgure shows a relation R between the sets P
and Q. Write this relation R in
(i) Set builder from (ii) Roster form.
What is the domain and range?
78. Let R be a relation on Q defned by
R {(a,b) : a, b Q and a b Z}
79. Let R be a relation on N defned by
R = {(a,b) : a, b N and a = b
2
}
Are the following true :
(i) (a,a) R for all a N
(ii) (a,b) R (b,a) R
(iii) (a,b) R, (b,c) R (a,c) R
Justify your answer in each case.
80. Let a relation R
1
on the set R of all real numbers be defned
as (a,b) R
1
1 + ab > 0 for all a, b R.
81. Let R be the relation on the set Z of all integers defned by
(x,y) R x y is divisible n
Prove that :
(i) (x,x) R for all x Z
(ii) (x,y) R (y,x) R for all x,y Z
(iii) (x,y) R and (y,x) R (x,z) R for all x,y,z R.
39
Func"ions
78. Let A = {1,2,3,4} and B = {1,6,8,11,15}. Which of the following
are functions from A to B?
(i) f : A B defned by f(1)=1, f(2)=6,f(3)=8,f(4)=8.
(ii) f : A B defned by f(1)=1,f(2)=6,f(3)=15.
(iii) f : A B defned by f(1)=6,f(2)=6,f(3)=6,f(4)=6.
(iv) f: A B defned by f(1)=1,f(2)=6,f(2)=8,f(3)=8,f(4)=11.
(v) f : A B defned by f(1)=1,f(2)=8,f(3)=11,f(4)=15.
79. Let X = {1,2,3,4,5} and Y = {6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15}. Find the
function f : X Y defned by f(x) = 2x +5. Also draw the arrow
diagram of the function.
80. If f(x) = x
2
, fnd
1 1 1
1 1 1
.
) ( f ) . ( f
81. The function 't' which maps temperature in Celsius into
temperature is Fahrenheit is defned by t(c) =
32
5
9
+
c
.
fnd (i) t(0)(ii) t(28) (iii) t (10) (iv) The value of c when t(c) =212.
82. Let f = {(1,1),(2,3), (0, 1), (1,3) be a function from A to Z
defned by f(x) = ax + b, for some integers a,b, where
A = {1,0,1,2}. Determine a,b.
83. Let f : R R be defned as
( ) .
x x
x x
x f
'
+
+
4 4
4 1 2
Show that f is not a function.
84. If f : R R is defned by f(x) = x
2
3x + 2, fnd f (f(x)). Also
evaluate f (f(5)).
85. If f (x) =
x
x
1
+
, show that
( ) ( ) ( )

,
_
+
x
f x f x f
1
3
3 3
.
40
86. If f is a real function defned by
( )
1
1
+
x
x
x f
, then show that
( )
( )
( ) 3
1 3
2
+
+
x f
x f
x f
.
87. Let A = {1,2,3,4}, B = {1,5,9,11,15,16} and f = {(1,5), (2,9), (3,1),
(4,5) (2,11)}. Are the following true?
(i) f is a relation from A to B
(ii) f is a function from A to B
justify your answer in each case.
88. Let X = {1,2,3,4,5}, Y = {2,3,6}. The relation f defned as
f = {(1,2), (3,2), (4,6), (5,2)} from X to Y is not a function from X to
Y. Given reasons.
89. Let X = {1,2,3,4}, Y = {p,q,r}. The relation = {(1,p), (2,r), (3,p),
1,q), (4,r)} from X to Y is not a function from X to Y. Give reasons.
90. Let f be the subset of Z Z defned by f = {(ab, a+b) : a, b Z). If
f a function from Z to Z? Justify your answer.
91. Let X = {3,4,6,8}. Determine whether or not the relation
R = {(x, f(x)) : x X, f(x) = x
2
+1} from X to N is a function from X
to N.
92. Let R = {(x,y) : y = 2x ; x, y N} be a relation on N. What is the
domain, codomain and range of R? Is this relation a function?
93. The relation f is defned from [0, 10] to
R by f(x) =
'

10 3 3
3 0
2
x , x
x , x
.
The relation g is defned from [0, 10] to
R by g (x) =
'

10 2 3
2 0
2
x , x
x , x
show that f is a function and g is not a function.
94. Let A = {9,10,11,12,13} and Let f : A N be defned by f (n) =
the high prime factor of n. Find the range of f.
95. Find the domain and range of the real function f (x) = 3 x .
96. Find the range of each of the following functions :
41
(i) f(x) = 2 3x , x R, x > 0
(ii) f(x) = x
2
+2, x R
(iii) f(x) = x, x R
97. Find the domain of the real function f(x) =
12 8
1 2
2
2
+
+ +
x x
x x
.
98. Let f =
'
,
_
+
R x ,
x
x
, x
2
2
1
be a function from R into R. Determine the
range of f.
99. Find the domain and range of the following functions :
(i)
2
1
x
(ii)
5 + x
x
(iii)
2
2 x
x
+
100.Find the domain and range of the following functions :
(i) 2 + x (ii)
4
1
x
(iii)
( )( ) 1 3 2
1
+ x x
(iv)
( ) ( ) x x 3 1
.
(i) 1 |x 2| (ii)
| x |
x
4
4
+
+
(i) ( )
'
<
< <
4 3 1
2 0 2
x if x
x if x
x f
(ii) ( )
'

<
< +
7 2 6
7 5
5 3 7
2
x if x
x if x
x if x
x f
103.Draw the graph of the function y = x + |x|
104.Draw the graph of the function :
f(x) = |1 x| + |1 + x|, 2 x 2.
105.Draw the graph of the function f given by
42
( )
'
< +

5 4 4
4 1
3
4
1 0
x for x
x for
x
x for x
x f
106.Draw the graph of the real function y = x
2
.
3
2
+ 2x +3.
109.Draw the graph of the real function
'
<
2 0
0
2
x if x
x if x
y
110.Which of the following functions even and which are odd?
(i) f(x) = x
2
+7 (ii) f(x) = x+2 (iii) f(x) = x
7
+ 2x
5
(iv) f(x) = |x| +4.
111.Let f : R R be a function defned by f (x) = x
2
+ [x] + |x| 7,
x R. Find the values of 'f' at the points 3.4, 2,1.7, 0, 0, 0.8,
1, 4.3.
112.If f(x) = x
2
+ x 1 and g (x) = 4x 7, be real functions then
fnd:
(i) (f+g)(2) (ii) (fg)(7) (iii) (fg) (5) (iv)
( ) 4
,
_
g
f
.
113.Let f, g : R R be functions defned respectively by f (x) =
x+1, g (x) = 2x3. Find f + g, f g, fg and
g
f
.
114.Let f and g be real functions defned by f(x) =
4 4 + x , x
and
( ) 4 4 x , x x
. Find the functions f + g, f g, fg, f/g.
115.If f (x) = x and g (x) = |x| be real functions. Find the
functions (i) f + g (ii) f g (iii) fg (iv) f/g.
82. Express the following functions as sets of ordered pairs and
determine their ranges
(a) f : A R, f (x) = x
2
+ 1, where A = {1,0,2,4}
43
(b) g : A N, g (x) = 2x , where A = {x : x N, x 10}
83. Find the domain for which the functions f (x) = 2x
2
1 and g
(x) = 1 3x are equal.
84. Is g = {(1,1), (2,3), (3,5), (4,7)} a function? If this is described
by the formula, g (x) = x + , then what values should be
assigned to and ?
85. Given A = {1, 0,2,5,6,11}, B = {2,1,0,18,28,108} and
f(x) = x
2
x 2. If f (A) = B? Find f (A).
86. Let f : R R be given by f (x) = x
2
+3. Find (a) {x : f (x) = 28}
(b) the pre-images of 39 and 2 under f.
87. Let f : R R be a function given by f (x)= x
2
+1. Find :
(i) f
-1
{5} (ii) f
1
{26} (iii) f
-1
{10, 37}
88. Let f + {(1,1), (2,3), (0,1), (1,3)} be a function described by
the formula
f (x) = ax + b for some integers a,b. Determine a,b.
89. If f : R R be defned as follows :
'
. x if ,
x if ,
) x ( f
1
1
Find (a) f (1/2), f (), f
( ) 2
(b) Range of f
(c) pre-image of 1 and 1
90. Let f : R R be such that f (x) = 2
x
. Determine:
(a) Range of f (b) {x : f (x) =1}
(c) whether f (x+y) = f (x). f (y) holds.
91. Let A be the set of two positive integers. Let f : A Z
+
(set of
positive integers) be defned by
f (n) = p, where p is the highest prime factor of n
If range of f = {3}. Find set A. Is A uniquely determined?
92. Let A N and f : A A be defned by
f (n) : the highest prime factor of n.
if range of f is A. Determine A. Is a Uniquely determined?
44
93. If f(x) = 3x
4
5 x
2
+ 9, fnd f (x 1)
94. If f (x) =
x
x
1
+
, prove that
( ) [ ] ( )

,
_
+
x
f x f x f
1
3
3 3
.
95. If f (x) =
2
1
1 2
1

+
x ,
x
, then show that
( ) ( ) ,
x
x
x f f
3 2
1 2
+
+
provided that
2
3
x
.
96. If
( ) 1
1
1

+
x ,
x
x
x f
, then show that
( ) ( )
x
x f f
1

, provided that
x 0.
97. Let f be defned by f (x) = x 4 and g be defned by
( )
'
4
4
4
16
2
x ,
x ,
x
x
x g
Find such that f (x) = g (x) for all x.

98. If f is a real function defned by f (x) =
,
x
x
1
1
+
then prove that:

( )
( )
( ) 3
1 3
2
+
+
x f
x f
x f
99. Find the domain of each of the following real valued
functions :
(i)
( )
2
1
+
x
x f
(ii)
( )
3
1
x
x
x f
(iii)
( )
2 3
3 2
2
+
x x
x
x f
(iv) ( )
4 5
5 3
2
2
+
+ +
x x
x x
x f
100.Find the domain of each of the following functions :
(i)
( ) 2 x x f
(ii)
( )
x
x f
1
1
(iii) ( )
2
4 x x f
101.Find the domain of the function f (x) defned by
( )
1
1
4
2
+
x
x x f
102.Find the domain and range of the function f (x) given by
( )
x
x
x f
3
2
45
103.Find the range of each of the following functions :
(i)
( )
5
1
x
x f
(ii) ( )
2
16 x x f
(iii)
( )
2
1 x
x
x f
+
(iv)
( )
2
2
3
x
x f
104.Find the domain and range of function

( )
3
9
2
x
x
x f
.
105.Find the domain and range of the real valued function f (x)
given by
( )
4
4
x
x
x f
.
106.Let
'
,
_
+
R x :
x
x
, x f
2
2
1
be a function from R into R. Determine
the range of f.
107.Find the domain and range of the function
'
,
_
1
1
1
2
x , R x :
x
: x f
108.Find the domain and range of the function
( )
x sin
x f
3 2
1
109.Find the sum of diference of the identify function and the

modulus function.
110.What are the sum and diference of the identity function and
the reciprocal function?
111.Let f : [2, ) R and g : [2, ) R be two real functions
defned by
( ) ( ) 2 2 + x x g and x x f
112.Find the product of the identity function and the modulus
function.
113.Find the quotient of the identity function by the modulus
function.
114.Find the product of the identity function and the reciprocal
function.
115.Find the quotient of the identity function by the reciprocal
function.
46
116.Let c be a non-zero real number and f : R R be a function
defned by
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f
c
iii f c ii cf i !ind . R x a"" for
c
x
x f
,
_

1
2
.
117.Let f and g be two real functions defned by
( ) ( ) ( )
3
4
4
1
+
+
x x g and
x
x f
Find the following :
(i) g + g (ii) f g (iii) fg (iv)
g
f
(v) 2f (vi)
f
1
(vii)
g
1
118.Let f and g be real functions defned by f (x) =
2 + x
and g (x)
=
2
4 x . Then, fnd each of the following functions :
(i) f + g (ii) f g (iii) fg (iv)
g
f
(v) f (vi) gg
119.Let f be the exponential function and g be the logarithmic
function. Find :
(i) (f + g) (1) (ii) (fg) (1) (iii) (3 f) (1)
(iv) (5 g) (1)
120.Find the domain of each of the following function given by:
(i)
( )
| x | x
x f
1
(ii)
( )
| x | x
x f
+
1
(iii)
( )
# x $ x
x f
1
(iv)
( )
# x $ x
x f
+
1
121.Find the domain of defnition of the function f (x) given by :
( ) ( ) ( ) { } 77 18
2
3 5 4
x x "og "og "og x f
122.Find the domain of defnition of the function f (x) given by:
( )
( )
2
1
1
10
+ +
x
x "og
x f
123.Find the range of each of the following functions :
(i)
( ) | x | x f 3
(ii)
( ) | x | x f 2 1
(iii)
( )
4
4
x
| x |
x f
47
124.Find the domain and range of each of the following functions
given by :
(i)
( )
# x $ x
x f
1
(ii)
( ) | x | x f 3 1
125.Find the domain of the real function f (x) defned by
( )
| x |
| x |
x f
2
1
TYPE III (O$%ECTI&E TYPE QUESTION)
1. Let R be the real line. Consider the following Subsets of the plane
R R
( ) { , : 1 S x y y x +
and
0 2} x < <
( ) { , : % x y x y
is an integer}
Which one of the following is true?
(a)T is an equivalence relation on R but S is not
(b)Neither S nor T is an equivalence relation on R
(c)Both S and T are equivalence relations on R
(d)S is an equivalence relation on R but T is not
2. Let
: f N &
be a function defned as ( ) 4 3 f x x +
Where
{ : 4 3 & y N y x +
for some
}. x N

Show that f is invertible and its inverse is
(a) ( )
3
4
y
g y

(b) ( )
3 4
3
y
g y
+

(c) ( )
3
4
4
y
g y
+
+ (d) ( )
3
4
y
g y
+
3. The largest interval lying in

,
2 2

_

,
for whichThe function
( ) ( )
2
1
4 cos 1 log cos
2
x
x
f x x

_
+ +

,
is defned, is
(a) [ ]
0,
(b)
,
2 2

_

,
(c)
,
4 2

_
,
(d)
0,
2
,
4. Let W denotes the words in the English dictionary. Defne the
relation R by ( ) { , : R x y ' '
the words x and y have At least one
letter in common}. Then R is
(a)refexive, symmetric and not transitive
(b)refexive, symmetric and transitive
(c)refexive, not symmetric and transitive
(d) not refexive, symmetric and transitive
48
5. Let ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { 3, 3 , 6, 6 , 9, 9 , 12,12 , 6,12 , R ( ) ( ) ( ) 3, 9 , 3,12 , 3, 6 }
be a relation on
the set
{3, 6, 9,12}. A
The relation is
(a) refexive and symmetric only
(b) an equivalence relation
(c) refexive only
(d) refexive and transitive only
6. Let ( ) : 1,1 , f B
be a function defned by ( )
1
2
2
tan ,
1
x
f x
x
,
then f is
both one-one and onto when B is in the interval
(a)
,
2 2

_

,
(b)
,
2 2

1
1
]
(c)
0,
2
,
(d)
0,
2
_

,
7. A real valued function f(x) satisfes the Functional equation
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f x y f x f y f a x f a y +
Where is a given constant and ( ) 0 1, f ( ) 2 f a x
is equal to
(a) ( ) f x
(b) ( ) ( ) f a f a x +

(b) ( ) f x
(d) ( ) f x

8. Let ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { 1, 3 , 4, 2 , 2, 4 , 2, 3 , 3,1 } R
be a Relation on the set
{1, 2, 3, 4}. A
The relation R is
(a) a function (b) transitive
(c) not symmetric (d) refexive
9. The graph of the function ( ) y f x
is Symmetrical about the line
2, x
then
(a) ( ) ( ) 2 2 f x f x +
(b) ( ) ( ) 2 2 f x f x +
(c) ( ) ( ) f x f x
(d) ( ) ( ) f x f x
10. The domain of the function, ( )
( )
1
2
sin 3
9
x
f x
x
is
(a) [2, 3] (b) [2, 3)
(c) [1, 2] (d) [1, 2)
11. A function f from the set of natural numbers to Integers defned by
( )
1
,
2
,
2
n
f n
n

'
is
(a) 0ne-one but not onto
(b) Onto but not one-one
(c) One-one and onto both
(d) Neither one-one nor onto
49
When n is even
When n is odd
13. If
: f R R
satisfes ( ) ( ) ( ) , f x y f x f y + +
For all
, x y R
and ( ) 1 7, f
then
( )
1
n
f r
r
is
(a)
7
2
n
(b)
( ) 7 1
2
n +
(c) ( ) 7 1 n n +
(d)
( ) 7 1
2
n n +
13. Domain of defnition of the function ( ) ( )
3
10
2
3
log ,
4
f x x x
x
+
is (1, 2)
(a)( ) ( ) 1, 0 1, 2
(b)( ) ( ) 1, 2 2,
(c)( ) ( ) ( ) 1, 0 1, 2 2,
14. The function
( )
2
log( 1), f x x x + + is an even function
(a)an odd function
(b)a periodic function
(c)neither an even nor an odd function
15. The period of
2
sin is
(a)
2
(b)
(c) 2 (d)
2
16. The domain of

1
3
sin log
3
x
1
_
1
, ]
is
(a) [1, 9] (b) [1, 9] (c) [9, 1] (d) [9,1]
17. The period of the function ( )
4 4
sin cos f x x x +
is
(a)
(b)
2
(c) 2 (d) None of these

18. The domain of defnition of the function ( )
2
10
5
log
4
x x
f x
_

,
is
(a) [1, 4] (b) [1, 0] (c) [0, 5] (d) [5, 0]
19. Let ( ) 1. f x x
Then:
(a)
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
f x f x (b) ( ) ( ) ( ) f x y f x f y + +
(c) ( ) ( ) f x f x
(d) none of these
20. If ( ) ( ) cos 1 , f x nx
then ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2
x
f x f y f f xy
y
1 _
+
1
, ]
Has the value:
(a) 1 (b)
1
2
(c) 2 (d) none of these
22. The domain of defnition of the function
( )
10
1
2
log 1
y x
x
+ +
is :
excluding
(a) ( ) 3, 2
excluding 2.5 (b) [ ]
0,1
excluding 0.5
50
(c) ( ) 2,1
excluding 0 (d) none of these
22. Which of the following function is periodic?
(a) ( ) [ ]
f x x x
where[ ]
x
denotes the greatest integer less than or
equal to the real number x
(b) ( )
1
sin f x
x
for ( ) 0, 0 0 x f
(c) ( ) cos f x x x
(d) none of these
23. For real x, the function
( ) ( ) x a x (
x c

Will assume all real values

provided:
(a) a ( c > > (b) a ( c < <
(c) a c ( > < (d) a c (
24. If ( ) ( )
sin g f x x
and
( ) ( ) ( )
2
sin , f g x x then:
(a) ( ) ( )
2
sin , f x x g x x
(b) ( ) ( ) sin , f x x g x x
(c) ( ) ( )
2
sin f x x g x x
(d) f and g can not be determined
25. If ( ) 3 5, f x x
then ( )
1
: f x
(a) is given by
1
3 5 x
(b) is given by
5
3
x +
(c) does not exist because f is not one-one
(d) does not exist because f is not onto.
26. If the function [ ) [ ) : 1, 1, f
is defned by
( )
( ) 1
2 ,
x x
f x

then ( )
1
f x
is : [IIT 1999; 2M]

(a)
( ) 1
1
2
x x
_

,
(b)
( ) 2
1
1 1 4log
2
x + +
(c)
( ) 2
1
1 1 4log
2
x + + (d) not defned
27. Let ( ) ( ) sin sin sin3 . f +
Then ( ) f
:
(a) 0 only when 0 (b) 0 for all real
(c) 0 for all real (d) 0 only when 0
28. The domain of defnition of the function ( ) y x
is given by the equation
2 2 2
x y
+
is:
(a) 0 1 x < (b) 0 1 x
(c) 0 x < (d) 1 x < <
51
29. For all ( ) 0,1 : x
(a) 1
x
e x < + (b) ( ) log 1
e
x x + <
(c) sin x x > (d)
log
e
x x >
30. Let ( ) : 0, f R
and ( ) ( )
0
.
x
! x f t dt

f ( ) ( )
2 2
1 , ! x x x +
then ( ) 4 f
equals:
(a) 5/4 (b) 7 (c) 4 (d) 2
31. Let ( ) [ ]
1 g x x x +
and
( )
1, 0
0, 0,
1, 0
x
f x x
x
<

'
>
then for all

( ) , x f g x 1
]
is equal to:
(a) x (b) 1 (c) ( ) f x
(d) ( ) g x
32. If [ ) [ ) : 1, 2, f
is given by ( )
1
, f x x
x
+ then ( )
1
f x
equals:
(a)
2
4
2
x x +
(b)
2
1
x
x +
(c)
2
4
2
x x
(d)
2
1 4 x +
33. The domain of defnition of
( )
( )
2
2
log 3
3 2
x
f x
x x
+
+ +
is:
(a) { } / 1, 2 R
(b) ( ) 2,
(c) { } / 1, 2, 3 R
(d) ( ) { } 3, / 1, 2
34. Let ( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 1 f x ( x (x + + +
and let m(b) be the minimum value of
( ) . f x
As b varies, the range of m(b) is:
(a) [0, 1] (b)
1
0,
2
1
1
]
(c)
1
,1
2
1
1
]
(d) ( ]
0,1
35. Let { } 1, 2, 3, 4 )
and { } 1, 2 . !
Then the number of onto function from
E to F is :

(a) 14 (b) 16 (c) 12 (d) 8
36. Let ( ) , 1.
1
x
f x x
x

+
Then, for what value of
is ( ) ? : f f x x 1
]

(a)
2
(b)
2
(c) 1 (d) 1
37. Suppose ( ) ( )
2
1 f x x + for 1. x If ( ) g x
is the function whose graph is
refection of the graph of ( ) f x
with respect to the line y = x, then
( ) g x
equals:
52
(a) 1, 0 x x (b)
( )
2
1
, 1
1
x
x
>
+
(c) 1, 1 x x + (d) 1, 0 x x
38. Let function
: f R R
be defned by ( ) 2 sin f x x x +
for . x R Then f
is:
(a) one-to -one and onto
(b) one-to-one but not onto
(c) onto but not one-to-one
(d) neither one-to-one nor onto
39. If [ ) [ ) : 0, 0, f
and ( ) ,
1
x
f x
x
+
then f is:
(a) one-one and onto
(b) one-one but not onto
(c) onto but not one-one
(d) neither one-one nor onto
40. Range of the function
( )
2
2
2
;
1
x x
f x x R
x x
+ +

+ +
is:
(a) ( ) 1,
(b) ( ) 1,11/ 7
(c) ( ) 1, 7 / 3
(d) ( ) 1, 7 / 5
41. Domain of defnition of the function
( ) ( )
1
sin 2
6
f x x

+ for real
valued x, is
(a)
1 1
,
4 2
1
1
]
(b)
1 1
,
2 2
1
1
]
(c)
1 1
,
2 9
_

,
(d)
1 1
,
4 4
1
1
]
43. If ( ) ( )
2
sin cos , 1, f x x x g x x +
then ( ) ( )
g f x
is invertible in the
domain:
(a)
0,
2
1
1
]
(b)
,
4 4

1
1
]
(c)
,
2 2

1
1
]
(d) [ ]
0,
44. If X and Y are two non-empty sets where
: f * &
is function is
defned such that ( ) ( ) { : } f c f x x C
for C *
and ( ) ( ) { }
1
: f + x f x +

for
, + &
for any A & and B & then :
(a) ( ) ( )
1
f f A A
(b) ( ) ( )
1
f f A A
only if ( ) f * &
(c) ( ) ( )
1
f f B B
only if ( ) B f x
(d) ( ) ( )
1
f f B B

53
Type'1 (NCERT ANS(ERS)
Set!
E.1 {1,2} E.2 {1,2,3,4,5,6}
E.3 A = {x : x = n
2
, where n N}
E.4.
'
1 n
n
x : x
,
} 6 n - and n./(er nat.ra" a is n where
E.5.(i) (d) (ii) (c) (iii) (a) (iv) (b)
E.6.(i) Given set = {1,2}. Hence, it is fnite.
(ii) Given set = {2}. Hence, it is fnite.
(iii) Given set = . Hence, it is fnite.
(iv) The given set is the set of all prime numbers and since set
of prime numbers is infnite. Hence the given set is infnite.
(iv) Since there are infnite number of odd numbers, hence, the
given set is infnite.
E.7.Only pair of equal sets is C and E.
E.8.A and B are not equal sets.
E.9.(i) B (ii) A B (iii) A C (iv) B C
E.11No, Let A = {1}, B = {{1},2} and C = {{1}, 2, 3}.
E.12.A B = {2,4,6,8,10,12}
E.14. X Y = {Ram, Geeta, Akbar, David, Ashok}
E.15.A B = {6,8} E.16.X Y = {Geeta}
E.18. A B = {1,3,5}, B A = {8}
E.19.V B = {e,0}, B V = {k}
E.20. A' = {2,4,6,8,10}
E.21. A' is clearly the set of all boys in the class
E.22.A' = {1,4,5,6}, B' = {1,2,6}, A' B' = {1,6}, A B = {2,3,4,5}
E.23.10 E.24.12 E.25. 5 E.26. 225
E.27.(i) 90 (ii) 20 (iii) 140
Miscellaneous Exa#$les
E.32.170.E.33.data is incorrect.
E.34.9
54
Exercise 1.1
1. (i), (iv), (v), (vi), and (viii) are sets.
2. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
3. (i) A = {3,2,1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6}
(ii) B = {1,2,3,4,5}
(iii) C + {17,26,35,44,53,62,71,80}
(iv) D + {2,3,5}
(v) E = {T,R,I,G,O,N,M,E,Y}
(vi) F = {B,E,T,R}
4. (i) {x : x = 3n and 1 n 4}
(ii) {x : x = 2
n
and 1 n 5}
(iii) {x : x = 5
n
and 1 n 4}
(iv) {x : x is an even natural number}
(v) {x : x = n
2
and 1 n 10}
5. (i) A = {1,3,,5,....} (ii) B = {0,1,2,3,4}
(iii) C = {2,1,0,1,2} (iv) D = {L,O,Y,A}
(v) E = {February, April, June, September, November}
(vi) F = {b,c,d,f,g,h,j}
6. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (b)
Exercise 1.2
1. (i), (iii), (iv)
2. (i) Finite (ii) Infnite (iii) Finite (iv) Infnite (v) Finite
3. (i) Infnite (ii) Finite (iii) Infnite (iv) Finite (v) Infnite
4. (i) Yes (ii) No (iii) Yes (iv) No
5. (i) No (ii) Yes 6. B = D, E = G
Exercise 1.3
1. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii)
2. (i) False (ii) True (iii) False (iv) True (v) False (vi) True
3. (i), (v), (vii), (ix), (xi)
4. (i) {a}, (ii) {a}, {b} {a,b}
(iii) , {1}, {2}, {3}, {1,2}, {1,3}, {2,3}, {1,2,3}(iv)
5. 1 6. (i) (4,6] (ii) (2, 10) (iii) [0,7) (iv) [3,4]
7. (i) {x: x R, 3 < x <0} (ii) {x: x R, 6 x 12}
55
(iii) {x : x R, 6 <, x 12} (iv) {x R : 23 x < 5}
9. (iii)
Exercise 1.4
1. (i) X Y = {1,2,3,5} (ii) A B = {a,b,c,e,i,o,u}
(iii) A B = {x : x = 1,2,4,5 or a multiple of 3}
(iv) A B = {x : 1 < x < 10, x N}(v) A B = {1,2,3}
2. Yes, A B = {a,b,c} 3. B
4. (i) {1,2,3,4,5,6,} (ii) {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
(iii) {3,4,5,6,7,8} (iv) {3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
(v) {1,2,3,4,5,6,78} (vi) {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
5. (i) X Y = {1,3} (ii) A B = {a} (iii) {3}
6. (i) {7,9,11} (ii) {11,13} (iii) (iv) {11}
(v) (vi) {7,9,11} (vii) (viii){7,9,11}
(ix) {7,9,11} (x) {7,9,11,15}
7. (i) B (ii) C (iii) D (iv) (v) {2}
(vi) {x: x is an odd prime number} 8. (iii)
9. (i) {3,6,9,15,18,21} (ii) {3,9,15,18,21}
(iii) {3,6,9,12,18,21} (iv) {4,8,16,20}
(v) {2,4,8,10,14,16} (vi) {5,10,20}
(vii) {20} (viii){4,8,12,16} (ix) {2,6,10,14}
(x) {5,10,15} (xi) {2,4,6,8,12,14,16} (xii) {5,15,20}
10. (i) {a,c} (ii) {f,g} (iii) {b,d}
11. Set of irrational numbers 12. (i) F (ii) F (iii) T (iv) T
Exercise 1.5
1. (i) {5,6,7,8,9} (ii) {1,3,5,7,9} (iii) {7,8,9}
(iv) {5,7,9} (v) {1,2,3,4} (vi) {1,3,4,5,7,9}
2. (i) {d,e,f,g,h} (ii) {a,b,c,h} (iii) {b,d,f,h}
(iv) {b,c,d,e}
3. (i) {x : x is an odd natural number}
(ii) {x : x is an even natural nuber}
(iii) {x : x N and x is not a multiple of 3}
(iv) {x : x is a positive composit number and x = 1}
(v) {x : x is a positive integer which is not divisible by 3 or not
divisible by 5}
56
(vi) {x : x N and x is not a perfect square}
(vii) {x : x N and x is not a perfect cube}
(viii){x : x N and x = 3}
(ix) {x : x N and x = 2}
(x) {x : x N and x = 3}
(xi) {x : x N and x >
2
9
}
6. Is the set of all equilateral triangles.
7. (i) U (ii) A (iii) (iv)
Exercise 1.6
1. 2 2. 5 3. 50 4. 42 5. 30 6. 19
7. 25,35 8. 60
57
1. A B, A C , B C, D A, D B, D C
2. (i) False (ii) False (iii) True (iv) False
(v) False (vi) True
7. False 12. We may take A = {1,2}, B = {1,3}, C = {2,3}
13. 325 14. 125 15. 52,30 16. 11
RELATIONS AN) FUNCTIONS
Ans%ers Exa#$les &N!ERT'
E.1.x = 2 and y =3 E.2.No
E.3.(i) {(1,4), (2,4), (3,4)} (ii) {(1,4),(2,4),(3,4)}
(iii) {(1,3),(1,4),(1,5), (1,6), (2, 3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6) (3,3) (3,4),
(3,5), (3,6)
(iv) {(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(1,6),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5)(2,6),(3,3),(3,4), (3,4),
(3,5),(3,6)}
E.4.{(1,1,1,),(1,1,2),(1,2,1),(1,2,2),(2,1,1)(2,1,2),(2,2,1)
E.5.R R R = {(x,y,z) : x,y,z R} which represents the coordinates
of all the points in three-dimensional space.
E.6.{p, m}, {q,r}
E.7.Domain {1,2,3,4,5}, {2,3,4,5,6}, {1,2,3,4,5,6}
E.8.(i) R = {(x,y):x is the square of y, x P, y Q}
(ii) R = {(9,3), (9, 3), (4,2), (4, 2), (25,5), (25, 5)}
domain of this relation is {4,9,25}
range of this relation is {2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 5}.
E.9.2
4
E.10.The domain is N. codomain is also N. The range is
the set of even natural numbers.
E.11.(i) R is a function (ii) relation is not a function
(iii) relation is a function
E.12.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y f(1)=3 f(2)=5 f(3)=7 f(4)=9 f(5)=11 f(6)=13 f(7)=15
E.13.
x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
58
f(x)=x
2
16 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 16
E.15.
x 2 1.5 1 0.5 0.25 0.5 1 1.5 2
y=
x
1
0.5
0.67
1 2 4 2 1 0.67 0.5
The domain is all real numbers excepts 0 and its range is also all real
numbers except 0.
E.16. x
2
+ 2x +1, x
2
2x 1, 2x
3
+ x
2
,
1 2
2
+ x
x
, x
2
1

E.17. x x + , x x ,
2
3
x
,
0
2
1
x , x
Miscellaneous Exa#$les
E.20.f (x) = 2x 1. E.21.domain of f is R {1, 4}
Exercise 2.1
1. x = 2 and y = 1 2. The number of elements in A B is 9.
3. G H = {(7,5), (7,4), (7,2), (8,5), (8,4),(8,2)}
H G = {(5,7), (5,8), (4,7), (4,8), (2,7), (2,8)}
4. (i) False
P Q = {(m,n), (m,m), (n,n), (n,m)}
(ii) False
A B is a non empty set of ordered pairs (x,y) such that
x A and y B
(iii) True
5. A A = {(1,1), (1,1), (1, 1), (1,1)}
A A A = {(1,1,1), (1,1,1), (1,1,1), (1,1,1), (1, 1,1),
(1,1,1) (1,1,1), (1,1,1)}
6. A = {a,b}, B = {x,y}
8. A B = {(1,3), (1,4), (2,3), (2,4)}
A B = will have 2
4
= 16 subsets.
9. A = {x,y,z} and B = {1,2}
10. A = {1,0,1}, remaining elements of
A A are (1,1), (1,1), (0, 1), (0,0), (1,1), (1,0), (1,1)
Exercise 2.2
59
1. R = {(1,3), (2,6),(3,9),(4,12)}
Domain of R = {1,2,3,4}
Range of R = {3,6,9,12}
Co-domain of R = {1,2,...,14}
2. R = {(1,6), (2,7), (3,8)}
Domain of R = {1,2,3}
Range of R = {6,7,8}
3. R = {(1,4), (1,6), (2,9), (3,4), (3,6), (5,4), (5,6)}
4. (i) R = {(x,y) : y = x 2 for x = 5,6,7}
(ii) R = {(5,3), (6,4), (7,5)}. Domain of R = {5,6,7}, Range of
R = {3,4,5}
5. (i) R = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3),(1,4),(1,6),(2 4), (2,6), (2,2), (4,4),
(6,6), (3,3), (3,6)}
(ii) Domain of R = {1,2,3,4,6}
(iii) Range of R = {1,2,3,4,6}
6. Domain of R = {0,1,2,3,4,5}
Range of R = {5,6,7,8,9,10}
7. R = {(2,8),(3,27), (5,125), (7,343)}
8. No. of relations from A into B = 2
6
9. Domain of R = Z
Range of R = Z
Exercise 2.3
1. (i) yes, Domain = {2,5,8,11,14,17}, Range = {1}
(ii) yes, Domain = {2,4,6,8,10,12,14}, Range = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
(iii) No.
2. (i) Domain = R, Range = ( , 0]
(ii) Domain of Function = {x : 3 x 3}
(iii) Range of Function = {x : 0 x 3}
3. (i) f (0) = 5 (ii) f (7) = 9 (iii) f (3) = 11
4. (i) t (0) = 32 (ii) t (28 ) =
5
412
(iii) t (10) = 14
(iv) 100
5. (i) Range = ( , 2)(ii) Range = [2, } (iii) Range = R
Miscellaneous Exercise on !(a$"er )2
2. 2.1 3. Domain of function is set of real numbers
except 6 and 2.
60
4. Domain = [1, ), Range = [0, )
5. Domain = R, Range = non-negative real numbers
6. Range = Any positive real number x such that 0 x < 1
7. (f + g) x = 3 x 2
(f g) x = x + 4
2
3
3 2
1
,
_
x ,
x
x
x
g
f
8. a = 2, b = 1
9. (i) No (ii) No (iii) No
10. (i) Yes, (ii) No 11. No 12. Range of f = {3,5,11,13}
TYPE II (ANS(ER E*TRA PRACTICE QUESTION)
Sets
1. (i), (iii), (iv)
2. (i) {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}(ii) {3, 2} (iii) {1,2,3,4}
(iv) {4,3,2,1,01,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
3. (i) c (ii) a (iii) d (iv) b
4. (i) {x : x = 4n + 2, n 4, n N}
(ii) {x : x is a prime number, x 11}
(iii)
'
6 2
2
1
n , N n , x : x
n
(iv) {x : x = n
2
1, n N, n 6}
5. (i) {x : x = 4n + 1, n Z, 0 n 4}
(ii) { x: 501 < x < 505, x N}
(iii) {x : x is prime and 23 x 43}
6. (i) { } (ii) {2, 4} (iii) {1,2,3,4} (iv) N
(v) {T,R,I,G,O,N,M,E,Y}
7. (i) Given set = {17}, which is not a null set.
(ii) Given set is a null set
(iii) Given set = {4}, which is not a null set
(iv) | x | < 4 is not true any number
8. (i) & (iii) 9. (i) true (ii) false (iii) true
(iv) true
10. (i) false(ii) false (iii) true (iv) true
11. (i) true (ii) false (iii) false (iv) false
61
12. (i) True(ii) false (iii) false(iv) true
14. (i) {1,2,3,5,7,9} (ii) {1,3,4,5,6,7,8}
(iii) {2,6,8} (iv) {1,5,6,7,9}
(v) {1,3,4,5,7,9,10,11}
15. Y = {3,5,9}
17. (i) {3,6} (ii) (iii) (iv) {1,3,5} (v) {7}
21. (i) {2,6}, {1,7,10} (ii) , {2,3,9} (iii) ,
(iv) , {6,7,10,15} (v) {3,6,7}, {1,2,5,8}
22. (i) {4,5,8,12} (ii) {4,5,12}
23. (i) {9,21} (ii) {5,13,17}
(iii) {3,5,6,12,13,15,17,18,24}
25. (i) {1,2,4,5,9,10} (ii) {1,2,4,5,9,10,11,12,13,14,15}
26. (i) {2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12} (ii) {4,5,7,10,11}
(iii)
38. 75. 39. data is correct
40. (i) 90 (ii) 20 (iii) 140
41. 325 42. 170
43. (i) 50 (ii) 40 44. 16%
45. (i) 15 (ii) 30 (iii) 15
46. 39 x 63 47. 43 48. (1) 7 (ii) 5
49. (i) 3 (ii) 19 (iii) 1
50. (i) 3,300 (ii) 1,400 (iii) 4,000
51. (i) 5 (ii) 4 (iii) 2 (iv) 1 (v) 6 (vi) 11
(vii) 23 (viii)2
52. 9
53. (i) {4,6,7,8} (ii) {1,3,6} (iii) {2,3,6,8}
(iv) {3,4,6} (v) {1,3,4,5,7,9} (vi)
Relations
54. x = 5/2, y =10
55. A B = {(1,2),(1,6),(1,10),(2,2),(2,6),(2,10),(4,2),(4,6),(4,10)}
56. {(2,2,2,),(2,2,5),(2,5,2),(5,2,2),(2,5,5),(5,2,5),(5,5,2),(5,5,5)}
57. (i) {(3,1),(4,1),(6,1)}
(ii) {(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(1,6),(3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,6)
62
(iii) {(3,3),(4,3),(6,3)}
(iv) {(4,3),(4,4),(6,3),(6,4)}
58. {1,7}, {2,3,6}
59. (i) false (ii) false (iii) true
60. {x,y,z}, {1,2} 67. 256 68. {0,1,2,3,4,5}
{5,6,7,8,9,10}
69. (i) {(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(1,6),(2,2),(2,4),(2,6),(3,3),
(3,6),(4,4),(6,6)}
(ii) {1,2,3,4,5} (iii) {1,2,3,4,6}
70. (i) {(2,2),(2,4),(2,6),(3,3),(3,6),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6)}
(ii) {2,3,4,5,6} (iii) {2,3,4,5,6}
71. (i) R = {(1,1)(2,4),(3,9),(4,16),(5,25)}
(ii) R = {(1,1), (2,8),(3,27),(4,64)
(iii) R = {1,2,3,4}, R = {1,8,27,64}
72. (i) Z (ii) Domain of R = Z.(iii) Range of R = Z
73. Domain of R
2
{2,4,6,8,.....},Range of R
2
= {11,23,43,71,....}
74. (i) R = {(x,y) : x = y + 2, x P, y Q}, where P = {5,6,7},
Q = {3,4,5}
(ii) R = {5,3}, (6,4}, (7,5}, Domain of R = {5,6,7} and range of
R = {3,4,5}.
75. Domain of R = {1,2,3,4}, Range of R = {3,6,9,12}
76. Domain = Z, range = Z
77. R = {(9,1),(7,2),(5,3),(3,4),(1,5)}
Domain of R = {9,7,5,3,1}, range of R = {1,2,3,4,5}
R
1
= {(1,9), (2,7), (3,5), (4,3), (5,1)}
78. (i), (iii), (iv) 80. 2.1
81. (i) 32 (ii) 82.4 (iii) 14 (iv) 100
82. a = 2, b = 1 84. = x
4
6x
3
+ 10x
2
3x = 110.
87. (i) f is relation from A to B
(ii) f is not a function from A to B
88. given relation is not a function
89. is not a function 90. f is not a function
91. R is a function from X to N.
92. Domain of R = {1,2,3,4,5,...}= N
63
codomain of R = N
Range of R = {2,4,6,8,10,....}
94. Range of f = {3,5,11,13}
95. D (f) = [3, ) R (f) = [0 ].
96. (i) R (f) = ( , 2) (ii) R(f) = [2, )(iii) R(f) = R
97. D(f) = R {2,6} 98. R(f) = [0,1)
99. (i) D(f) = R {2}, R (f) = R {0}
(ii) D(f) = R {5}, R(f) = R {1}
(iii) D(f) = R, R (f) =
1
]
1
2 2
1
2 2
1
,
100.(i) D(f)= [2, ), R(f) [0, )(ii) D(f) = (4, ), R(f) = (0, ).
(iii) D(f) R {1, 3/2}, R(f) (, 8/25] [0, ).
(iv) D(f) = [1,3], R(f) = [0,1].
101.(i) D(f) = R, R(f) = (, 1]
(ii) D(f) = R {4}, R(f) = {1,1}
102.(i) D(f)=(0,2) [3,4), R(f) = (0,2) [2,3) = (0,3)
(ii) D(f) = [3, ), R(f)= {4,12) (, 8]= (, 8]
[4,12] [25, 49]
110.(i) even function (ii) neither even nor odd
(iii) odd function (iv) even function
111.3.96, 3, 4.41, 5.56, 4, 19.79
112.(i) 6 (ii) 34 (iii) 513(iv)
9
19
113.(i) 3x a x R (ii) x + 4 x R.
(iii) 2x
2
x x 3 x R (iv)
'
+
2
3
3 2
1
R x
x
x
114.(i)
) , 4 [ x 4 x 4 x + +
(ii)
) , 4 [ x 4 x 4 x +
(iii) + , $ x x x . x 4 16 4 4
2
).
(iv)
) , 4 ( x
4 x
4 x

+
115.(i)
'
<
0 0
0 2
x if
x if x
64
(ii)
'
<
0 2
0 0
x if x
x if
(iii)
'
<
0
0
2
2
x if x
x if x
(iv)
'
<
>
0 1
0 1
x if
x if
Functions
78. (i), (iii), (v) 80. 2.1 81. (i) 32, (ii) 82.4, (iii) 14, (iv) 100.
82. a = 2, b = 1 84. x
4
6x
3
+ 10x
2
3x, 110
87. f is a relation from A to B, f is not a function from A to B.
88. given relation is not a function
89. is not a function 90. f is not a function
91. R is a function from X to N.
92. Domain of R = {1,2,3,4,5,....} = N
Codomain of R = N
Range of R = {2,4,6,8,10,......}
94. Range of f = (3,5,11,13)
96. (i) R (f) = ( , 2) (ii) R (f) = [2, ) (iii) R (f) = R
97. D (f) = R {2,6} 98. R (f) = [0, 1)
99. (i) D (f) = R [2], R (f) = R {0}
(ii) D (f) = R {5}, D (f) = R {1}
(iii) D (f) = R,
( )
1
]
1

2 2
1
,
2 2
1
f R
.
100.(i) D (f) = {2, }, R (f) = [0, )
(ii) D (f) = (4, ), R (f) = (0, )
(iii) D (f) = R {1,3/2}, R (f) = (, 8/25] [0, ),
(iv) D (f) = [1,3], R (f) = [0,1].
101.(i) D (f) = R, R (f) = (, 1]
(ii) D (f) = R {4), R (f) = {4)
102.(i) D (f) = (0, 2) [3, 4), R (f) = (0,2) [2,3) = (0,3)
65
(ii) D (f) = [3, ), R (f) = [4, 12) (, 8] = [4,12] [25, 49].
110.(i) f (x) is an even function.
(ii) f(x) is neither even nor odd.
(iii) f(x) is an odd function
(iv) f (x) is an even function
111.3.96, 3, 4.41, 7, 5.56, 4, 19.79
112.(i) 6 (ii) 34 (iii) 513 (iv)
9
19
113.3x 2 x R, x +4 x R, 2x
2
x 3 x R.
114.
) , 4 [ 4 4 + + x x x
,
) , 4 [ 4 4 + x x x
) , 4 [ 16 4 . 4
2
+ x x x x ,
) , 4 (
4
4

+
x
x
x
115.(i)
'
<
. 0 0
0 2
x if
x if x
(ii)
'
<
0 2
0 0
x if x
x if
(iii)
'
<
0
0
2
2
x if x
x if x
(iv)
'
<
>
0 1
0 1
x if
x if
R.D. Sharma
66
Sets
1. (i) {M,A,T,H,E,I,C,S}(ii) {A,L,G,E,B,R}
(iii) {A,E,I,O,U} (iv) {1,2,3,4,5,6}
(v) {0,1,4,9,16,....}
2. (i) {x : x is a letter in the word 'PROBABILITY'}
(ii)
'
n ,
n
1
x : x
(iii) {x : x = 2n 1, n N}
(iv) {x : x = 2n, n N}
3. {2n : n Z}
4. {x : x is real and irrational}
5. (i) {1,3,9} (ii) {2,1,0,1,2}
(iii) {P,R,O,T,I,N} (iv)
'
10
3
,
5
2
,
2
1
6. A = {a,e,i,o} 7. A = {4,3,2,1,0,1,2,3,4}
8. (i) (d) (ii) (c) (iii) (a) (iv) (b)
9.
'

+
9 n , n ,
1 n
n
x : x
10.
'
n :
n
1
!
2
11. (i) {1,3,3
2
,3
3
,3
4
,3
5
,....} (ii) {1,1,2,3,5,8,....}
12. (i), (iii) 13. C = E 14. (i) A = B (ii) A B.
15. (i) A is a fnite set (ii) B is an infnite set
(iii) A is a fnite set (iv) D is an infnite set
16. (i) B (ii) A B(iii) A C(iv) B C
17. (i) X = {b}
(ii) X = {d}, (a,b,d},(b,c,d},(a,c,d},(a,d},(b,d},{c,d},{a,b,c,d}
18. (i) X = {1}, {3}, (1,2}, (1,3}, {2,3}, {1,2,3}
(ii) X = {1}, {3}, {1,2}, {1,3},(2,3}
(iii) X = , {2}
19. (ii) {a,b}, (a,b,c}, {a,b,d}, {a,b,c,d}
22. (i) 10 (ii) 2 (iii) 7 (iv) 1
23. (i) {x : x R and 7 < x <0}
(ii) {x : x R and 6 x 12}
(iii) {x : x R and 6 < x 12}
(iv) {x : x R and 20 x < 3}
24. (i), (v), (vii), (viii), (ix)
67
31. 3N 7N = {21, 42,...} = {21 x : x N} = 21 N
32. A' ((A B) B') = A' A = N
34. n = 45 42. 2 43. 200 44. 5 45. 15, 40
46. (i) 140 (ii) 90 (iii) 20
47. data is incorrect 48. 6
49. least value of n (A B) is 1170
50. (i) 100 (ii) 80 51. 300 52. 340 53. 39 x 63
54. 18 55. (i) 3300 (ii) 1400 (iii) 4000
56. 9 57. (i) 5 (ii) 4 (iii) 2 (iv) 1 (v) 6 (vi) 11 (vii) 23 (viii) 2
Relations
58. x = 3 and y = 1
59. A B = {(1,2),(1,4),(3,2),(3,4),(5,2),(5,4),(6,2),(6,4)}
B A = {(2,1), (2,3),(2,5),(2,6),(4,1),(4,3),(4,5),(4,6)}
60. (i){(1,1,(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(2,1),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(3,1),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5)}
(ii) {(1,3),(2,3),(3,3)}
(iii) (A B) (A C)= {(1,3),(2,3),(3,3)}
61. {(1,2),(1,3),(2,2),(2,3),(3,2),(3,3)}
{(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(3,1),(3,2),3,3)}
62. {(1,a),(5,a),(2,a),(2,b),(5,b),(1,b)}
63. A A A = {(1,1,1),(1,1,2),(1,2,1),(1,2,2),(2,1,1),(2,1,2),(2,2,1),
(2,2,2)}
64. A = {(0,5),(1,3),(2,1)} 65. A = {a,b} and B = {1,2,3,}
66. {(1,4),(1,6),(2,4),(2,6),(3,4),(3,6)}
{(4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(6,1),(6,2),(6,3)}
67. A = {1,0,1} 68. A = {a,b,c,d,e}, B = {2,3}
71. (i) A to B (ii) it is a relation from A to B.
(iii) it is a relation from A to B
(iv) R
4
is not a relation from A to B.
72. Domain (R) = {2,3,5} and Range (R) = {3,6,10}
R
-1
= {(6,2),(10,2),(3,3),(6,3),(10,5)}
73. R = {(1,4,(1,5),(2,4),(2,5),(3,4),(3,5),(4,5)}
R
-1
= {(4,1),(5,1),(4,2),(5,2),(4,3),(5,3)(5,4)}
74. R = {(0,5),(0,5),(3,4),(3,4),(3,4),(3,4),(4,3),(4,3),(4,3),
(4,3),(5,0),(5,0)}
68
R
-1
= {(5,0),(5,0),(4,3),(4,3),(4,3),(4,3),(3,4),(3,4),(3,4),
(3,4),(0,5),(0,5)}
75. (i) R = {(9,1),(6,2),(3,3)} (ii) Domain of R = {9,6,3}
(iii) Range of R = {1,2,3}
77. (i) R = {(9,3),(9,3),(4,2),(4,2),(25,5),(255)}
(ii) R = {(x,y) : x y
2
, x P, y Q)}
79. (i) is not true (ii) is not true (iii) is not true
Functions
82. (a) Range of (f) = {2,1,5,17}
(b) g = g (A) = {g(x) : x A} = {2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,20}
83. f (x) and g (x) are equal on the set {2, 1/2}
84. yes, = 2, = 1 85. f (A) = {0,2,18,28,108}
86. (a) = {5,5} (b) x
2
= 1
87. (i) (ii) f
-1
{26} = {5,5}(iii) f
-1
{10,37}={3,3,6,6}
88. a = 2 and b = 1
89. (a)
1
2
1
"
,
_
, f () = 1, f (2 )=1
(b) Range of f= {1, 1}
(c) f
-1
(1) = Q, f
-1
(1) = R Q
90. (a) range of f is the set of all positive real numbers.
(b) {0} (c) f (x + y) = f(x) f(y) holds for all x,y R.
91. A = {3,6} or A = {3,9} or A = {3,12}, A = {6,12} etc., A is not
uniquely determined.
92. A = set of some prime numbers.
A is not uniquely determined
93. 3x
4
12x
3
+ 13x
2
2x + 7
94.
,
_
+
x
f x f x f
1
3 ) ( )} ( [
3 3
97. = 8
99. (i) Domain (f) = R {2}
(ii) Domain (f) = R {3}
(iii) Domain (f) = R {1,2}
(iv) Domain (f) = R {1,4}
100.(i) Domain (f) = [2, ) (ii) Domain (f) = (,1)
(iii) Domain (f) = [2,2].
69
101.(i) Domain (f) = (, 1) (1, 4]
102.Domain (f) = R {3}, Range (f) = R {1}
103.(i) Domain (f) = (5, ), Range (f) = (0, )
(ii) Domain (f) = {4,4}, Range (f) = [0,4]
(iii) Domain (f) = R, Range (f) =
} 0 {
2
1
,
2
1
1
]
1
(iv) Domain (f) = R {

2 , 2
}, Range (f) = ( ,0) [3/2, )
104.Domain (f) = R {3}, Range (f) = R {6}
105.Domain (f) = R {4}, Range (f) = {1}
106.Domain (f) = R , range (f) = [0,1)
107.Domain (f) = R {1,1}, Range (f) = (,0) [1, )
108.Domain (f) = R, Range (f) =
1
]
1
1 ,
3
1
109.(f + g) (x) =
'
<
0 , 0
0 , 2
x if
x if x
, (f g) (x)=
'
<
0 , 2
0 , 0
x if x
x if
110.(f + g) (x) = f (x) + g (x) =
x
x
1
+
(f g) (x) = f (x) g (x) =
x
x
1
111.(f + g) (x) = 2 2 + + x x for all x [2, )

(f g) (x) = f(x) g (x) = 2 2 + x x for all x [2, ).
112.( ) ( )
'
<
0 ,
0 ,
2
2
x if x
x if x
x fg
113. ( )
( )
( )
'
<
>

,
_
0 , 1
0 , 1
| |
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x g
x f
x
g
f
114.(fg) (x) = 1 for all x R {0}
115.
( )
2
x x
g
f
,
_
for all x R {0}

116.(i) (cf) (x) = x for all x R
70
(ii) (c
2
f) (x) = cx for all x R
(iii)
( )
2
1
c
x
x f
c

,
_
,
_
for all x R
117.(i)
( )
4
1 4
4
+
+ +
x
x
(ii)
( )
4
4 1
4
+
+
x
x
(iii) (x + 4)
2
(iv)
( )
4
4
1
+ x
(v)
4
2
+ x
for all x R {4}
(vi)
( )
3
4
1
+ x
118.(i)
2
4 2 x x + + (ii)
2
4 2 x x +
(ii)
( ) x x + 2 2
(iv)
x 2
1
(v) x + 2 for all x [2, )
(vi) 4 x
2
for all x [2, 2]
119.(i) e (ii) 0 (iii) 3e (iv) 0
120.(i) Domain (f) = (ii) Domain (f) = (0, )
(iii) Domain (f) = R Z (iv) Domain (f) = (0, )
121.Domain of f (x) is (8, 10)
122.Domain (f) = (, 0) (0, 1) [2,) = [2,0) (0,1)
123.(i) Domain (f) = R, Range (f) = [0, )
(ii) Domain (f) = R, Range (f) = (, 1]
(iii) Range (f) = {1, 1}
124.(i) Domain (f) = R Z, Range (f) = (1, )
(ii) Domain (f) = R , Range (f) = (, 1]
125.Domain (f) = ( , 2), (2, ) [1, 1].
71
72

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nzks.kkpk;Z nzks.

kkpk;Z Academy and Resonant Classes Academy and Resonant Classes

Find such that f (x) = g (x) for all x.

then prove that:

104.Find the domain and range of function

109.Find the sum of diference of the identify function and the

3. The largest interval lying in

16. The domain of

(c) 2 (d) None of these

Will assume all real values

is : [IIT 1999; 2M]

then for all

Mathematics by Attri. D. Mob : 9315820788**

(iv) Domain (f) = R {

111.(f + g) (x) = 2 2 + + x x for all x [2, )

for all x R {0}

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