Chapter 24

DC Short-Circuit Analysis

In order to assure the safe operation of DC systems, whenever there is any changes in the system related
to sources, loads, and power transmission components, a DC Short-Circuit Analysis must be carried out
to evaluate system conditions under a fault and assess protective device ratings. A complete short-circuit
calculation should provide details of fault current variations at the fault location as well as for
contributing branches, from the initiation of the fault to its end. Due to the complexities involved in
source behaviors and the non-linearity characteristics of the equipment, such calculations are very
extensive and therefore the maximum short-circuit current is often calculated instead for examination of
protective device ratings.

Operation Technology, Inc. 24-1 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Introduction

In compliance with IEEE Std. 946, the PowerStation DC short-circuit program calculates the total fault
current, current contributions from different sources, and the rise time constant of the total fault current.
It can conduct calculations on both radial and looped systems. The fault under consideration is a short-
circuit between the positive and the negative terminals at the fault location. The contributing sources to
the short-circuit current include charger/rectifier, UPS, battery, and DC motor. These sources can be
modeled as a constant current source or a constant voltage source behind an impedance. For a
charger/rectifier source, the AC system equivalent impedance on the AC side can also be considered.

For each DC protective device, PowerStation calculates the bus fault current as well as the maximum
current that flows through the device and flags the user in an outstanding color for underrated devices.

The calculation results are reported in a Crystal Reports format as well as in a one-line diagram display.
The Crystal Reports format provides detailed information about the study, including all the input data
used in the calculation, fault current, contributions from different sources, and device rating validation
summary, etc. The format and content of the Crystal Reports output report can be customized by the user.
The one-line diagram display provides you with a direct visual representation of the system under fault
conditions. It displays the short-circuit current at the faulted bus, fault current contributions on
surrounding branches, as well as the system voltage profile under the fault.

Operation Technology, Inc. 24-2 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Study Toolbar

24.1 Study Toolbar
The DC Short-Circuit Study Toolbar will appear on the screen when you are in DC Short-Circuit Study
mode.

Run DC Short-Circuit Analysis
DC Short-Circuit Display Options
DC Short-Circuit Report Manager
Halt Current Calculation
Get Online Data
Get Archived Data

Run DC Short-Circuit Analysis
Click on this button to run a DC short-circuit calculation.
Display Options
Click on this button to customize the information and results annotations displayed on the one-line
diagram in DC Short-Circuit mode.
DC Short-Circuit Report Manager
Click on this button to open the DC Short-Circuit Report Manager. Here you can specify the Crystal
Reports format for your output reports. A detailed explanation of the DC Short-Circuit Report Manager
is in the Output Reports section.
Halt Current Calculation
Click on the Stop Sign button to halt the current calculation.
Get On-Line Data
If the ETAP key installed on your computer has the on-line feature, you can copy the online data from the
on-line presentation to the current presentation.
Get Archived Data
If the ETAP key installed on your computer has the on-line feature, you can copy the archived data to the
current presentation.


Operation Technology, Inc. 24-3 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Study Case Editor

24.2 Study Case Editor
The DC Short-Circuit Study Case Editor contains parameter settings required to perform a short-circuit
calculation. The calculation results are dependent on these settings. When a new study case is created,
ETAP PowerStation provides you with the default parameters. However, you want to check these
parameters to make sure that they are set as required.

The DC Short-Circuit Study Case Editor contains two pages: the Info page and the Source Model page.
In the Info page, you can select faulted buses and specify contribution level, etc. In the Source Model
page, you specify the type of model for chargers and batteries, as well as what loads need to be
considered in a study.
24.2.1 Info Page


Study Case ID
ID
Enter a unique alphanumeric ID with a maximum of 12 characters.
Report
Specify the contribution level the report should encompass.
Bus Selection
Here you can select which buses to Fault, Dont Fault, or click on the All Buses check box to fault all
buses. Note that you can fault buses (or remove faults) directly from the one-line diagram by right
clicking on the desired bus.
Remarks 2
nd
Line
You can enter up to 120 alphanumeric characters in this remark box. Information entered here will be
printed on the second line of every output report page header. These remarks can provide specific
information regarding each study case. Note that the first line of the header information is global for all
study cases and entered in the Project Information Editor.
Operation Technology, Inc. 24-4 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Study Case Editor

24.2.2 Source Model Page
This page allows you to specify the type of models you want the program to use in a short-circuit
calculation.


Charger Contributions Based on
A charger can be represented as a constant current source or a constant voltage source behind impedance.
As a constant current source, it injects a constant current into the system when a fault occurs.
Editor Selection
Click on this option to select the model type as specified in the editor for individual chargers.
Fixed SC Contribution
Click on this option to use the constant current model for all the charges in the system.
AC System Impedance
Click on this option to use the constant voltage model for all the charges in the system.
Battery Contributions Based on
A battery can be represented as a constant current source or a constant voltage source behind impedance.
As a constant current source, it injects a constant current into the system when a fault occurs. The current
injected into the system is equal to a constant multiplied by its 1-minute discharge rate.
Editor Selection
Click on this option to select the model type as specified in the editor for individual batteries.
Constant Current (K*1-Min-Rating*String)
Click on this option to use the constant current model for all the batteries in the system.
Operation Technology, Inc. 24-5 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Study Case Editor

Voc Behind Battery Impedance
Click on this option to use the constant voltage model for all the batteries in the system.
Motor Internal Voltage
A motor, or the motor load portion of a lump load, is modeled as a constant voltage source behind an
impedance. You can specify the internal voltage value by selecting one of the following two options:
100% of Motor Rated Voltage
Click on this option to use the motor rated voltage as the internal voltage.
Percent of Motor Rated Voltage
Click on this option to specify the motor internal voltage in percent based on the motor rated voltage.
Short-Circuit Contributions Based on
This section provides you with an option to skip certain load elements in a short-circuit analysis. Note
that static loads are also considered in a DC short-circuit analysis and their presence reduces total fault
current.
Load Status Only
Select this option to include loads in the short-circuit study based on load status. For the current system
configuration, loads that have either the Continuous or Intermittent status will be considered in the study.
Loads that have the Spare status will be excluded from the study. Note that when this option is selected
all of the elementary diagram loads will be included in the study.
Load Category Only
Select this option to use the loading percent to determine which loads will be included in the short-circuit
calculation. Once this option is selected, you can specify a loading category in the loading category
selection box. All loads that have non-zero loading percent for the selected loading category will be
included in the short-circuit calculation.
Use Both Above Options
Select this option to use both load status and loading category to determine loads to be included in the
short-circuit calculation. When this option is selected, all the loads that satisfy either or both of the above
two criterions will be included in the short-circuit study.

Operation Technology, Inc. 24-6 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Display Options

24.3 Display Options
The DC Short-Circuit Analysis Display Options consist of a Results page and three pages for AC, AC-
DC, and DC info annotations. Note that the colors and displayed annotations selected for each study are
specific to that study.
24.3.1 Results Page

Color
The drop down list allows you to select a color for displaying calculation results on the one-line diagram.
Show Units
When this box is checked the unit for the calculation results will be displayed on the one-line diagram
along with the results.
Voltage
Bus
Click on this check box to display bus voltage on the one-line diagram.
Operation Technology, Inc. 24-7 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Display Options

Bus Voltage Unit Selection
From the drop down list you can select to display bus voltage in percent or volt.
Display Faulted Bus
Fault Current Rise Time-Constant
Click on this option to display the fault current rise time-constant in ms for faulted buses.
Equivalent Fault R
Click on this option to display the equivalent fault resistance in ohms for faulted buses.
Display Contribution
Converter, Battery, & Load
Click on any or all of these check boxes to display short-circuit contribution from these components on
the one-line diagram.
24.3.2 AC Page
This page includes options for displaying info annotations for AC elements.
Color
Select the color for information annotations to be displayed on the one-line diagram.
ID
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the ID of the selected AC elements on the one-line
diagram.
Rating
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the ratings of the selected AC elements on the one-
line diagram.

Device Type Rating
Gen. (Generator) kW / MW
Power Grid (Utility) MVAsc
Motor HP / kW
Load kVA / MVA
Panel Connection Type (# of Phases - # of Wires)
Transformer kVA / MVA
Branch, Impedance Base MVA
Branch, Reactor Continuous Amps
Cable / Line # of Cables - # of Conductor / Cable - Size
Bus kA Bracing
Node Bus Bracing (kA)
CB Rated Interrupting (kA)
Fuse Interrupting (ka)
Relay 50/51 for Overcurrent Relays
PT & CT Transformer Rated Turn Ratio
Operation Technology, Inc. 24-8 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Display Options

kV
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the rated or nominal voltages of the selected
elements on the one-line diagram.

For cables/lines, the kV check box is replaced by the button. Click on this button to display the
cable/line conductor type on the one-line diagram.
A
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the ampere ratings (continuous or full-load ampere)
of the selected elements on the one-line diagram.

For cables/lines, the Amp check box is replaced by the button. Click on this button to display the
cable/line length on the one-line diagram.
Z
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the rated impedance of the selected AC elements on
the one-line diagram.

Device Type Impedance
Generator Subtransient reactance Xd
Power Grid (Utility) Positive Sequence Impedance in % of 100 MVA (R + j X)
Motor % LRC
Transformer Positive Sequence Impedance (R + j X per unit length)
Branch, Impedance Impedance in ohms or %
Branch, Reactor Impedance in ohms
Cable / Line Positive Sequence Impedance (R + j X in ohms or per unit length)
D-Y
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the connection types of the selected elements on the
one-line diagram.

For transformers, the operating tap setting for primary, secondary, and tertiary windings are also
displayed. The operating tap setting consists of the fixed taps plus the tap position of the LTC.
Composite Motor
Click on this check box to display the AC composite motor IDs on the one-line diagram, then select the
color in which the IDs will be displayed.
Use Default Options
Click on this check box to use PowerStations default display options.
24.3.3 AC-DC Page
This page includes options for displaying info annotations for AC-DC elements and composite networks.
Color
Select the color for information annotations to be displayed on the one-line diagram.
Operation Technology, Inc. 24-9 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Display Options

ID
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the IDs of the selected AC-DC elements on the one-
line diagram.
Rating
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the ratings of the selected AC-DC elements on the
one-line diagram.

Device Type Rating
Charger AC kVA & DC kW (or MVA / MW)
Inverter DC kW & AC kVA (or MW / MVA)
UPS kVA
VFD HP / kW
kV
Click on the check boxes under this heading to display the rated or nominal voltages of the selected
elements on the one-line diagram.
A
Click on the check boxes under this heading to display the ampere ratings of the selected elements on the
one-line diagram.

Device Type Amp
Charger AC FLA & DC FLA
Inverter DC FLA & AC FLA
UPS Input, output, & DC FLA
Composite Network
Click on this check box to display the composite network IDs on the one-line diagram, then select the
color in which the IDs will be displayed.
Use Default Options
Click on this check box to use PowerStations default display options.
24.3.4 DC Page
This page includes options for displaying info annotations for DC elements.
Color
Select the color for information annotations to be displayed on the one-line diagram.
ID
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the IDs of the selected DC elements on the one-line
diagram.
Operation Technology, Inc. 24-10 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Display Options

Rating
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the ratings of the selected DC elements on the one-
line diagram.

Device Type Rating
Battery Ampere Hour
Motor HP / kW
Load kW / MW
Elementary Diagram kW / MW
Converter kW / MW
Cable # of Cables - # of Conductor / Cable - Size
kV
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the rated or nominal voltages of the selected
elements on the one-line diagram.

For cables, the kV check box is replaced by the button. Click on this button to display the conductor
type on the one-line diagram.
A
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the ampere ratings of the selected elements on the
one-line diagram.

For cables, the Amp check box is replaced by the button. Click on this button to display the cable
length (one way) on the one-line diagram.
Z
Select the check boxes under this heading to display the impedance values of the cables and impedance
branches on the one-line diagram.
Composite Motor
Click on this check box to display the DC composite motor IDs on the one-line diagram, then select the
color in which the IDs will be displayed.
Use Default Options
Click on this check box to use PowerStations default display options.


Operation Technology, Inc. 24-11 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Calculation Methods

24.4 Calculation Methods
The PowerStation DC short-circuit program can perform fault analysis for a radial or a looped system. It
calculates the maximum system fault current and contributions from individual sources. The fault under
consideration is assumed to be a short-circuit between the positive and negative terminals at the fault
location. Fault current contributing sources include chargers/rectifiers, UPS, batteries, and DC motors.
These sources can be modeled either as constant current sources or constant voltage sources behind an
impedance, as specified by the user. It is assumed that these sources will reach their maximum
contribution level at the same time, which results in a conservative solution. The program also calculates
the rise time of fault current based on the equivalent R and L at the fault location. When calculating
short-circuit current, inductance values for all of the system components are neglected. These inductance
values are used in calculating fault current rise time.
24.4.1 Procedure for DC Short-Circuit Calculation
In a DC short-circuit calculation, a contributing source may be represented by different models, either as a
voltage source or as a current source. Even the sources that are represented as constant voltage sources
may have different per unit values. This is different from the AC short-circuit calculation by the IEEE
method, where a prefault voltage is specified and a circuit network is solved to find the fault current. In
the DC short-circuit calculation, a two-step procedure is adopted that applies the superposition theorem to
calculate fault current. The two steps are voltage profile calculation and short-circuit current calculation.

In the first step of the calculation, the short-circuit current sources such as charger, UPS, battery, and
motor are modeled as specified in the study case editor and individual element editors. They may be
modeled as constant current sources or as constant voltage sources behind an impedance. Based on this
system, a load flow calculation is conducted to determine system voltage profile and current flows. These
voltage values will be used in the second step as the prefault voltage for short current calculation.

In the second step of the calculation, the program calculates fault current and contributions for each bus to
be faulted with the bus voltage calculated in the first step as the prefault voltage.

In addition to fault current, the program also calculates the equivalent R and L at the faulted bus, based on
the separate R and L network. Using the equivalent R and L, it calculates the current rise time constant
for the fault.
24.4.2 Short-Circuit Current Rise Time Constant Calculation
The short-circuit current reaches its maximum value at a rate depending on the system configuration and
the resistance and inductance values of all the elements in the system. For a radial system, it depends on
the system R/L ratio, which is simple to calculate. However, for a looped network with multiple sources,
it is rather complicated to determine the rise time constant of the short-circuit current.

PowerStation calculates the rise time constant based on the equivalent R and L at the fault location.

Operation Technology, Inc. 24-12 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Calculation Methods

24.4.3 Device Rating Evaluation
One of the major purposes of conducting a short-circuit calculation is to evaluate device rating under fault
conditions, such as bus rating and protective device ratings. For each DC protective device, PowerStation
calculates the bus fault current and the maximum current that flows through the device. The program
then compares the device rating against the maximum through current. If an underrated condition occurs,
PowerStation will flag the underrated condition in the text report as well as in the one-line display.
24.4.4 Component Models
Charger
A charger can be represented as a constant current source or a constant voltage source behind an
impedance. As a constant current source, it injects into the system a constant current equal to its rated
current multiplied by the Imax specified in the Rating page of the charger editor.

When modeled as a constant voltage source behind an impedance, the rated voltage is used as the internal
voltage. The AC system Z specified in the SC page of the Charger Editor is converted to the DC side and
used as the impedance in the model.
UPS
A UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is represented as a constant current source. It injects into the
system a constant current equal to its rated current multiplied by the Imax specified in the Rating page of
the UPS Editor.
Battery
A battery can be represented as a constant current source or a constant voltage source behind an
impedance. As a constant current source, it injects into the system a constant current equal to its 1 minute
discharging current multiplied by a K factor specified in the SC page of the Battery Editor.

When modeled as a constant voltage source behind an impedance, the internal voltage depends on the
option selected in the Battery Editor. These options include using the rated voltage or the value
calculated based on the battery specific gravity and minimum operating temperature.
DC Converter
A DC converter is used to change the voltage level in a DC system. If a fault occurs on the output side of
the system, the DC converter is modeled as a constant current source injecting into the system a constant
current. This current is equal to its rated current multiplied by the Imax specified in the Rating page of
the DC Converter Editor.

When calculating fault current contributions, the calculation does not extend into the input side of the
system. In case a DC converter has the same input and output rated voltage values, and it is involved in
any loop as the only DC converter, the program stops the calculation and posts a message to inform the
user.
Operation Technology, Inc. 24-13 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Calculation Methods

DC Motor
A DC motor is modeled as a constant voltage source behind an impedance. The internal voltage value
can be specified in the DC Short-Circuit Study Case Editor. The impedance is specified in the SC page of
the DC Motor Editor.
DC Lumped Load
A DC lumped load is modeled as a constant voltage source behind an impedance. The internal voltage
value can be specified in the DC Short-Circuit Study Case Editor. The impedance is specified in the SC
Imp page of the DC Lumped Load Editor.

Note that only the motor loads of the lumped loads contribute short-circuit currents, i.e., if the percent
motor load of a lumped load is greater than zero, the motor load part will be modeled the same as a DC
motor, while the static load part will be represented as a static load with no short-circuit contribution.
DC Static & Elementary Diagram Loads
DC static loads are included in short-circuit calculations. The presence of static loads provide shunt paths
for short-circuit current and hence reduce the total fault current. An elementary diagram (ED) load is
treated the same as a static load.
DC Cable
In order to achieve conservative results, in a DC short-circuit analysis, the cable resistance is calculated at
the minimum temperature entered in the Cable Editor.

Operation Technology, Inc. 24-14 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Required Data

24.5 Required Data
24.5.1 Source
Charger
Info Page
Charger ID
Bus connection data
Rating Page
All the data in this page are required for DC load flow calculations
SC Page
Data in the SC Contribution for DC System section
AC System Z data is required if the Based on AC System Z option is selected
UPS
Info Page
UPS ID
Bus connection data
Rating Page
AC rating data
DC rating data
Auction diode option
SC Imp Page
SC Contribution to DC System section data
Battery
Info Page
Battery ID
Bus connection data
Number of strings
Rating Page
Number of cells
SC Page
Battery Library type data: Rp, time constant, SG, Vpc, and 1-min-rating
Short-circuit model data
External impedance data
Voc per cell data
Operation Technology, Inc. 24-15 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Required Data

24.5.2 Load
DC Motor
Info Page
Motor ID
Bus connection data
Configuration status
Quantity
Rating Page
Rating data
Load category data
SC Page
SC parameters
Lump Load
Info Page
Lump load ID
Bus connection data
Configuration status
Rating Page
Rating section data
Motor/static load percent
Load category data
SC ImpPage
SC parameters
Static Load
Info Page
Static load ID
Bus connection data
Configuration status
Quantity
Rating Page
Rating section data
Load category data
Operation Technology, Inc. 24-16 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Required Data

ED Load
Info Page
ED load ID
Bus connection data
Rating Page
Rating section data
Load category data
24.5.3 Branch
DC Cable
Info Page
Cable ID
Bus connection data
Cable length
Number of cables per phase
Impedance Page
Cable resistance and inductance
Units section data
Base and minimum operating temperature
DC Impedance
Info Page
DC impedance ID
Bus connection data
Impedance resistance and inductance
24.5.4 DC Converter
Info Page
DC converter ID
Bus connection data
Rating Page
Rating section data
SC contribution data
Operation Technology, Inc. 24-17 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Required Data

24.5.5 Protective Device
If the data for a protective device has been entered by the user, the DC short-circuit calculation will
compare the short-circuit current against device rating and flag the user if the device is underrated.
DC CB
Info Page
ID
Bus connection data
Rated V
SC kA
DC Fuse
Info Page
ID
Bus connection data
Rating Page
Rated V
Interrupting kA
DC Single-Throw Switch
Info Page
ID
Bus connection data
Rated V
Momentary kA
DC Double-Throw Switch
Info Page
ID
Bus connection data
Rated V
Momentary kA
24.5.6 Study Case
Similar to any other study, you are always required to run a DC short-circuit calculation. When a DC
short-circuit calculation is initiated by the user, PowerStation uses the study case currently showing in the
study case editor in the calculation. Every field in a study case has its default value. However, it is
important to set the values in the study case correctly to meet your calculation requirements.
Operation Technology, Inc. 24-18 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Output Reports

24.6 Output Reports
The DC short-circuit calculation results are reported both on the one-line diagram and in the Crystal
Reports format. The graphical one-line diagram displays the calculated fault currents, time constant for
current rise, equivalent resistance at the faulted bus, as well as fault contributions from neighboring buses.
You can use the Display Options Editor to specify the content to be displayed. It also flags underrated
protective devices in red.

The Crystal Reports format provides you with detailed information for a DC short-circuit analysis. You
can utilize the DC Short-Circuit Report Manager to help you view the output report.
24.6.1 DC Short-Circuit Report Manager
To open the DC Short-Circuit Report Manager, simply click on the View Output File button on the DC
Short-Circuit Toolbar. The editor includes four pages (Complete, Input, Result, and Summary)
representing different sections of the output report. The Report Manager allows you to select formats
available for different portions of the report and view it via Crystal Reports. There are several fields and
buttons common to every page, as described below.

Output Report Name
This field displays the name of the output report you want to view.
Project File Name
This field displays the name of the project file based on which report was generated, along with the
directory where the project file is located.
Help
Click on this button to access Help.
OK / Cancel
Click on the OK button to dismiss the editor and bring up the Crystal Reports view to show the selected
portion of the output report. If no selection is made, it will simply dismiss the editor. Click on the Cancel
button to dismiss the editor without viewing the report.
Complete Page
On this page there is only one format available, Complete, which brings up the complete report for the
DC short-circuit study. The complete report includes input data, results, and summary reports.


Operation Technology, Inc. 24-19 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Output Reports

Input Data Page
This page allows you to select different formats for viewing input data, grouped according to type. They
include:

Battery
Branch Connection
Bus
Cable
Converter
Cover
Loads


Result Page
This page allows you to select formats to view the short-circuit result portion of the output report.


Operation Technology, Inc. 24-20 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Output Reports

Summary Page
This page allows you to select formats to view summary reports of the output report. The only summary
report format available is the Interrupting Current format.


24.6.2 View Output Reports From Study Case Toolbar
This is a shortcut for the Report Manger. When you click on the View Output Report button,
PowerStation automatically opens the output report, which is listed in the Study Case Toolbar with the
selected format. In the picture shown below, the output report name is Untitled and the selected format is
Complete.


Operation Technology, Inc. 24-21 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Output Reports

24.6.3 Input Data
Input data are grouped together according to element type. The following are some samples of input data.
Cable & Impedance Data
The cable and impedance input data page prints resistance and inductance values for these branches,
along with connection information. The resistance value for cables has been adjusted to the minimum
operating temperature. The inductance value is used to calculate time constant for fault current rise.

Converter Input Data
The converter input data section includes converter rating and the model used in the study. UPS and DC
converters are always represented as constant current sources. A charger may be modeled as a constant
voltage source behind system Z or a constant current source, depending on the selection in the DC Short-
Circuit Study Case Editor and the Charger Editor. When modeled as a constant V behind system Z, the
constant V is the charger AC input bus voltage converted to the DC side based on the rated voltage ratio.
The value is printed in the V
sys
column.

Operation Technology, Inc. 24-22 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Output Reports

Load Data
The load data section prints input data for motors, lump loads, static loads, and ED loads. The Vin
column shows the internal voltage of motors and the motor load portion of lump loads.

24.6.4 Short-Circuit Report
This section of the report shows the calculation results, arranged in such a way that each faulted bus is
started from a new page. It shows the total fault current as well as bus voltage and short-circuit
contributions from the neighboring buses up to the level specified in the DC Short-Circuit Study Case
Editor. It also prints the equivalent R and L at the faulted bus and the time constant for fault current rise.

Operation Technology, Inc. 24-23 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
DC Short-Circuit Analysis Output Reports

24.6.5 Short-Circuit Summary
The Summary page presents the comparison between fault current and protective device capability. In
order for the program to make the comparison, the interrupting capability has to be entered from the
editors of individual protective devices. The kA Fault Current column prints the total bus fault current as
well as the maximum fault current flowing through the protective device. If the device capability is less
than the maximum fault current for a device, a flag will be raised for the device.


Operation Technology, Inc. 24-24 ETAP PowerStation 4.0