WWW.ANDREWCHOO.EDU.

MY

FORM 2 SCIENCE CHAPTER 7 DYNAMICS

1. Forces
a. Is pulling or pushing, twisting, hitting,
pressing or lifting on an object.
b. Force can:
i. Stop a moving object.
ii. Move a stationary object.
iii. Change the speed / direction.
iv. Change the position of an object.
v. Change the size/shape.
c. Force cannot change the mass of an
object.

2. Types of forces

a. Frictional Force
i. Opposes the motion of an object
when two surfaces in contact /
rubbing each another.
ii. Has direction and magnitude.
iii. The magnitude of the friction
force is influenced by:
- The weight of the object (the
heavier the object, the greater the
frictional force).
- Condition of surface (the rougher
the surface, the greater the frictional
force).
iv. Do not influenced by the
- base area of contact
- direction of movement.
b.

i. Lifting is to overcome bigger
gravitational force
ii. Pushing is to overcome smaller
frictional force
iii. Gravitational force is greater than
frictional force.
iv. Therefore, work done in lifting is
greater /harder than pushing.
c.

i. Air pack move freely as the layers of
air reduce the friction
between the air pack and the
surface. eg. Hovercraft.
ii. During rainy day, the car swerves easily
on the wet road because the layers of
water reduce the friction between the
tyres and the road surface.

d. COMPARISON
i. Advantages of
Friction
ii. Disadvantages
of Friction
- Enable us to walk
without slipping.
- enable the ladder to
lean against the
wall.
- Helps vehicles to
move/stop
- Helps us to
hold/rotate to an
object.
- Enables nails to be
held in wood.
- Enable monkey to
climb on the tree.
- Wear tear of
possessions such
as shoe sole.
- cause heavy
objects to move
slowly.
- Produce
unwanted heat /
sound waste of
energy.
- Damages or
scratch surfaces.
- Reduces
efficiency of a
machine.

e. Ways to reduce friction
i. Use lubricants, grease, powder
ii. Use rods, wheels and ball bearings.
iii. Use air cushion, eg. Hovercraft.
iv. Sprinter swimmer wears body fit sport
attire.

f. Ways to increase the friction
WWW.ANDREWCHOO.EDU.MY
i. pattern on shoe soles
ii. pattern on the tyres
g. Gravitational Force
i. Is the force of attraction that pulls all
objects towards the centre of the Earth
(like falling apple to the ground).
ii. When carry an object, more force is
used to overcome the greater
gravitation force.
(When pulling or pushing an object,
lesser force is used to overcome the
smaller frictional force.)
h. Electrostatic Force (positive and negative
charges)
i. Is stationary electric charge due to
rubbing of two different insulators.
ii. Like charges will repel and unlike
charges will attract.
iii. Charged object can attract neutral
object such as small pieces of papers.
i. Magnetic Force
i. Attraction and repulsion due to
magnet.
ii. Like poles repel, while unlike poles
attract.
iii. Magnet attracts metals such as iron,
steel, cobalt and nickels.
3. Work Done
a. Work done is when a force moves an
object to a distance
b.
Work = Force Distance
(Joule) (Newton) (Metre)

c. Work is not done when pushing a wall as
there is no motion / movement / distance.