Thai'. III. MEASURING AND ESTIMATING.

797
'Jlie use of the foregoing tables it can scarcely be necessary to explain, Tliey are siidi
5S to indicate, on inspection, their value; and we shall tlierefore leave them without fur-
ther comment for their application.
2322. When work is performed by the day, or the materials used are to be numbered,
as ofttimes necessarily occurs, fire bricks, red rubbers, best marie stocks for cutters,
second best ditto, pickings, common bricks, place bricks, paving bricks, kiln-burnt bricks,
and Dutch clinkers are cliarged by the tliousand.
2323.' lied rubbers, kiln and fire-burnt bricks, are also charged by the hundred. Foot
tiks and ten inch tiles are cl)arged either by the thousand or hundred.
2324. Sunk foot tile.s and ten -inch tiles with five holes, now never used in the south of
England, are charged by the piece.
2325. Pantiles, plaintiles, and nine-inch tiles are charged l)y the thousand.
2326. Oven and Welsh oven tiles, Welsli tire lumps, fire bricks, and chimney pots art>
also sold by the piece.
2327. Sand, clay, and loam are charged by the load
; lime sometimes by the hundred
wei,?5ht : but the hundred of 100 pecks is the more usual measure in and about the metro-
polis. Dutch terras is charged by the bushel, which is also sometimes the measure of lime.
Portland and other cements are similarly charged. Plaster b^ the bag.
2 128. Pantile and plaiiitile laths are charged by the bundle or load; hair and mortar
by the load; hip hooks and T tiles by the piece.
2;'.29 Neither here, nor in the following pages, ii it intended to convey to the reader
more than the principles on whicli an estimate is founded. The prices of materials are in
a st:ite of constant fluctuation; soinelhing apjiroaching a const int value, from the known
performance of a good workman, was given in the previous editions from tiie computations
-of Peter Nicholson, but tl ey are now omitted. Wood working machinery has also altered
the values very materially.
CAUPENTRV AND JOINERV,
2330. The works of the Carpenteh are the preparation of piles, sleepers, and planking,
and other large timbers, formerly much, but now rarely, used in foundations ; the centering
on which vaults are turned ; wall plates, lintels, and bond timbers ; naked flooring, quarter
partitions, roofing, battening to walls, ribbed ceilings for the formation of vaulting, coves,
and the like in lath and plaster, posts, &c.
2331. In large measures, where tlie quantity of materials and workmanship is uniform,
the articles are usually measured by the s()uare of 100 feet. Piles should be measured
by the foot cube, and the driving by the foot run according to the quality of the ground
into which they are driven. Sleepers and planking are measured and estimated by the
foot, yard, or the s(juare.
2332. Plain centering is measured by the square ; but the ribs and boarding, being
different qualities of work, should be taken separately. The dimensions are obtained by
girting round the arch, and multiplying by the length. Where groins occur, besides the
measurement as above, the angles must be measured by the foot run, that is, tlie ribs and
boards are to be measured and valued separately, according to the exact superficial contents
of each, and the angles by the linear foot, for the labour in fitting the ribs and boards, and
v/aste of wood.
,
2333. Wall plates, bond timbers, and lintels are measured by the cubic foot, and go
under the denomination of_^r in bond.
2334. In the measurement and valuation of naked flooring, we may take it either by
the square or the cube foot. To form an idea of its value, it is to be observed, that in
e(jual cubic quantities of sinall and large timbers the latter will have more sui)erficies than
the former, whence the saving is not in proportion to tlie solid contents
;
and the value,
therefore, of the workinanship will not be as the cubic quantity. The trouble of moving
timbers increases with their weight, hence a greater expenditure of time
;
which, though
not in an exact ratio with the solid quantity, will not be vastly ditterent, their sections not
varying considerably in their dimensions. As the value of the saving u])on a cube foot is
comparatively small to that of the work performed by the carpenter, the whole cost of
labour and materials may be ascertained with sufficient accuracy when the work is
uniform.
2335. When girders occur in naked flooring, the uniformity of the work is thereby
interrupted by the mortices and tenons which become necessary ;
thus the amount arising
from the cubic quantity of the girders would not be sufficient at the same rate per foot as
is put on the otlier parts, not only because of the difference of the size, but because of the
mortices which are cut for the reception of the tenons of the binding joists. Hence, for
valuing tlie labour and materials, the whole should he measured and valued by the cubic
quantity, and an additional rate must be i)ut upon every solid foot of the girders
;
or, if
the binding joists be not inserted in the girders at 'he usual distances, a fixed price must
be put upon every mortice and tenon in proportion to their size. The binding joists are