Introduction

Sept 10
Mechanics encompasses:
Observation, prediction, and suppression of motion for specific applications
Engineering = applied physics
inematics = motion !integration of velocity"
#ynamics = po$erful events = causes of motion !forces"
Statics = bodies in e%uilibrium !ho$ motion can be suppressed"
Sept 1&
'lassical (hysics:
1) *e$ton+s three la$s
&) ,a$s of thermodynamics
-) 'oulomb+s la$
.) /auss ,a$ for Magnetism
0) 1mpere+s la$
2) 3araday+s la$ of induction
#imensional 'ontrol
4 #imensions must be the same to have addition
4 In physical la$s, arguments of a transcendental function are al$ays dimensionless
Motion in a Straight ,ine
Sept 15
Summary
4 (osition, velocity, acceleration
4 instantaneous, average
4 problems involving constant acceleration in one deimension
In one dimension
4 position can be defined as a positive or negative value
4 6ero as a reference point !origin"
4 origin is arbitrary
7elocity
4 , average
4 , instantaneous
4 includes direction
3orces and Motion
Oct 1
Main concept: forces do not cause motion, but instead change motion
*e$ton+s 8hree ,a$s:
1) a body in uniform stays in uniform motion unless acted on my a non6ero force
&) the rate at $hich a body+s momentum changes is e%ual to the net force acting on the
body) !3net = dp9dt = d!mv"9dt = ma !constant mass""
-) if an ob:ect e;erts a force on another ob:ect, the other ob:ect e;erts an e%ual and
opposite force on the first ob:ect
If 31 = 3&
m19m& = a19m&
inertial: the ability of an ob:ect to resist a change in its motion
Oct <
*ote:
theta!t" = omega!t"
r!t" = ;m!t"i = ym!t": = r0cos>theta!t"?i = r0cos>theta!t"?i
dr!t" = d;m!t"9dti = dym!t"=dt:
= @r0theta!t"9dt ; sin>theta!t"?i = r0theta!t"9dt ; cos>theta!t"?:
r!t" = r0Acos>theta!t"?i = sin>theta!t"?:B
v!t" = r0dtheta!t"9dtA@sin>theta!t"?i = cos>theta!t"?:B
for uniform circular motion !theta!t" = $t"
3C# of Cob Dhirling on a String
3orces, DorE, and Energy
Oct 15
DorE
4 D = 3;d;
4 D @F G = *m,
4 3; is the component of the force in the direction of motion
7ectors
4 Scalar (HO#I'8: dot
4 7ector (HO#I'8: crossproduct
4 1JC = CJ1 !'ommutative"
4 angle: 1@FC
4 1J1 = 1K&
4 1LC = @CL1
4 1L1 = 0
'onservative 3orces
Oct &M
'onservative: stores $orE done against and can give it bacE entirely
4 gravity
4 force of ideal spring
4 static electric force
*onconservative: does not store $orE againt it) DorE on closed loop not al$ays 6ero
4 friction !heat, sound, etc"
(otential Energy
4 3orce is greatest $here potential energy decreases most rapidly
4 8he component of a given direction is the negative derivative of the potential energy $rt
to position in that direction
, derivative of $orE
4 potential energy is the inverse of $orE
dI = mgdN, change in potential energy
dI = mgd& @ mgd1, reference for 6ero point does not matter
linear because dN is insignificant compared to H !3 = /M1M&9HK&"
Elastic potential energy: stores $orE done in stretching9compressing
3 = @E;
3 = E!;@;0"
3 = E!;@0" !for e%uilibrium" !taEe integral"
I =
'onservation of Mechanical Energy
Mechanical Energy: 8otal of its Einetic and potential energy
, $hen there is a change in Einetic energy, that energy is used to do $orE, that stores
that energy, $hich can be taEen bacE !conservative"
, in, out
, increase in Einetic energy is decrease in potential and vv)
Spring@loaded /un:
Momentum
*ov 5
MG = 0 ton
M'art = 10 ton
d; = 1Mm
p = mv
'oncept: f = ma
= mdv9dt
applies for the centre of mass only
Elastic:
Inelastic: $hen there are any non@conservative forces present, energy is not conserved
(erfectly inelastic: ob:ects sticE, so same velocity
Hotations and 1ngular Momentum
*ovember 1M
#irection of angular velocity is given by the right@hand rule !up, cc"
direction of angular velocity is from initial to final !increasing = same, decreasing = opposite"
, definition of rotational acceleration
, energy related $ith rotational motion @F
Ooyo

, for thin cylindrical bodies
Static E%uilibrium
*ov &2
'oncepts
4 'onditions for static e%uilibrium
4 8o calculate forces9tor%ues
4 Stability of e%uilibrium
'onditions
4 3net = 0
4 38or%ue = 0 = I!angular acc"