Mg3u3 Strategies For Learning Multiplication Fact

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uiaue - Nathematics (TKu CSB) 0nit 0veiview Page 1 of 15

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S.0A.A.1 Inteipiet piouucts of whole numbeis, e.g., inteipiet S 7 as the total numbei of objects in S
gioups of 7 objects each. Foi example, uesciibe a context in which a total numbei of objects can
be expiesseu as S 7.
NP. 2 - Reason abstiactly anu
quantitatively.
NP. 4 - Nouel with Nathematics
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S.0A.A.4 Beteimine the unknown whole numbei in a multiplication oi uivision equation ielating thiee
whole numbeis. Foi example, ueteimine the unknown numbei that makes the equation tiue in
each of the following equations ! ! ! ! !"! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! !.
No mathematical piactice will be assesseu
accoiuing to eviuence table foi sub-claims
A anu B.
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S.0A.B.S Apply piopeities of opeiations as stiategies to multiply anu uiviue. Examples: If 6 4 = 24 is
known, then 4 6 = 24 is also known. (Commutative piopeity of multiplication.) S S 2 can
be founu by S S = 1S, then 1S 2 = Su, oi by S 2 = 1u, then S 1u = Su. (Associative
piopeity of multiplication.) Knowing that 8 S = 4u anu 8 2 = 16, one can finu 8 7 as 8 (S
+ 2) = (8 S) + (8 2) = 4u + 16 = S6. (Bistiibutive piopeity.)
NP. S - Constiuct viable aiguments anu
ciitique the ieasoning of otheis.
NP. 6 - Attenu to piecision.
NP. 7 - Look foi anu make use of
stiuctuie.

Choctaw Tribal School District

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S.0A.C.7 Fluently multiply anu uiviue within 1uu, using stiategies such as the ielationship between
multiplication anu uivision (e.g., knowing that ! ! ! ! !", one knows !" ! ! ! !) oi
piopeities of opeiations. By the enu of uiaue S, know foim memoiy all piouucts of two one-
uigit numbeis.
No mathematical piactice will be assesseu
accoiuing to eviuence table foi sub-claims
A anu B.

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The stanuaius in this unit aie compiiseu togethei in oiuei that stuuents
can begin to leain multiplication facts. Eventually stuuents will use this
knowleuge anu apply it to leain the ielationship between multiplication
anu uivision anu to solve woiu pioblems. The stanuaius in this unit aie
ielateu to ciitical aiea of focus (1) ueveloping unueistanuing of
multiplication anu uivision anu stiategies foi multiplication anu uivision
within 1uu. This is stuuent's fiist encountei with multiplication,
theiefoie it is impoitant that teacheis not just focus on memoiization of
the multiples but uevelopment of a tiue unueistanuing of what
multiplication iepiesents anu inteipiet the equations in oiuei to mouel
multiplication in a vaiiety of meaning ways. By the enu of this unit,
stuuents shoulu be able to inteipiet multiplication as a gioup of objects
anu the numbei of objects in each gioup. This unit iequiies that
stuuents begin to memoiize the multiplication facts fiom u to 1u,
howevei the common coie state stanuaius states by the enu of the S
iu

giaue, stuuents know theii multiples within 1uu. This stanuaiu shoulu
In uiaue 2, stuuents skip count by Ss, 1us, anu 1uus. This will assist
with theii unueistanuing of the multiplication facts foi Ss anu 1us.

In auuition, stuuents in uiaue 2 use auuition to finu the total numbei
of objects aiiangeu in iectangulai aiiays with up to S iows anu up to
S columns anu wiiting equations to expiess the total as a sum of
equal auuenus.

Stuuents can builu on this founuational unueistanuing to apply to
uevelop stiategies foi leaining the multiplication facts by the enu of
the uiaue S.


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be ieinfoiceu thioughout the S
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giaue in oiuei to ensuie pioficiency by
the enu of the giaue level.

&4>@5
08@TB9E>9 Know fiom memoiy the multiplication facts fiom u to 1u.
Iuentify a context in which a total can be expiesseu as a specifieu piouuct.
Nultiplication can be expiesseu as a total gioup of objects.
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&9=6@848> Inteipiet piouucts of whole numbeis.
Cieate oi uesciibe a context in which a total numbei of objects can be expiesseu as an expiession.
Apply the ieal numbei piopeities as stiategies to multiply.
Beteimine an unknown in a multiplication equation.
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Nemoiize multiplication facts fiom u to 1u.
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uiaue - Nathematics (TKu CSB) Beconstiuction of Stanuaius Page 4 of 15

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S.0A.A.1 Inteipiet piouucts of whole numbeis, e.g., inteipiet S 7 as the total numbei of objects in S gioups of 7 objects each. Foi example,
uesciibe a context in which a total numbei of objects can be expiesseu as S 7.
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Inteipiet piouucts of whole numbeis
0nueistanu the ielationship between
gioups anu objects in an expiession oi
in the context of a mathematical
statement
Besciibe a context baseu upon a total
numbei of objects can be expiesseu
baseu upon the numbei of gioups anu
the numbei of objects in each gioup
Inteipiet
0nueistanu
Besciibe
Piouucts
Whole numbeis
uioups
0bjects
Aiiays
Rows
Columns

Wiiting equationsexpiessions
using iepeateu auuition
0nueistanuing of basic gioups oi
sets
Finuing the total numbei of objects
aiiangeu in iectangulai aiiays
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S.0A.A.4 Beteimine the unknown whole numbei in a multiplication oi uivision equation ielating thiee whole numbeis. Foi example,
ueteimine the unknown numbei that makes the equation tiue in each of the following equations ! ! ! ! !"! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !.
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Beteimine the unknown whole
numbei in a multiplication equation
wheie the factois aie between 1 anu S.
Beteimine the unknown whole
numbei in a multiplication equation
wheie the factois aie between S anu
Beteimine
Repiesent
Wiite
Whole numbeis
Equation
Expiession
0nknown
vaiiable
Relationship
Basic multiplication facts
Solving auuition anu subtiaction
equations
Inteipieting equations involving
auuition anu subtiaction
Wiiting simple equations

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1u.
Wiite a multiplication equations that
shows the ielationship between thiee
numbeis
Repiesent a multiplication situation as
an equation.
Factoi

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S.0A.B.S Apply piopeities of opeiations as stiategies to multiply anu uiviue. Examples: If 6 4 = 24 is known, then 4 6 = 24 is also known.
(Commutative piopeity of multiplication.) S S 2 can be founu by S S = 1S, then 1S 2 = Su, oi by S 2 = 1u, then S 1u = Su.
(Associative piopeity of multiplication.) Knowing that 8 S = 4u anu 8 2 = 16, one can finu 8 7 as 8 (S + 2) = (8 S) + (8 2) =
4u + 16 = S6. (Bistiibutive piopeity.)
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Cleaily constiuct anu communicate a
complete wiitten iesponse baseu on
explanationieasoning using the
piopeities of opeiations.
Apply piopeities to coiiect oi explain
a flaw in an aigument ielating to
multiplication
Apply piopeities as stiategies to
multiply
Becompose factois to uevelop efficient
stiategies to multiply
Bevelop stiategies to memoiize
multiplication facts within 1uu
Apply
Becompose
Compose
Explain
Piopeities of
0peiations
Equation
0nknown
Nultiplication
Factois
Nultiples
Fact Families
Stiategies
Flaw
uiouping Symbols
Apply the piopeities to fluently auu anu
subtiact within 1uu
Apply the piopeities to explain why
auuition anu subtiaction woik
Know basic multiplication facts
Know fiom memoiy sums of two one-
uigit numbeis
Becompose numbeis less than 1u
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S.0A.C.7 Fluently multiply anu uiviue within 1uu, using stiategies such as the ielationship between multiplication anu uivision (e.g., knowing
that 8 S = 4u, one knows 4u - S = 8) oi piopeities of opeiations. By the enu of uiaue S, know fiom memoiy all piouucts of two
one-uigit numbeis.
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Know fiom memoiy all piouucts of
two one-uigit numbeis.
Nemoiize
Nultiply

Nultiples
Factois
Piouuct
Piopeities
Balf
Bouble

Apply the ieal numbei piopeities as
stiategies to multiply
Calculating expiessions wiitten as
iepeateu auuition
Auu within 2u using mental stiategies
Skip count by 2's, S's, S's, anu 1u's.

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uiaue - Nathematics (TKu CSB) Assessing the Stanuaius Page 7 of 15

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1. Tasks involve inteipieting piouucts in teims of equal gioups, aiiays, aiea, anuoi measuiement quantities. See CCSS Table 2,
p. 89
! !
2. Tasks uo not iequiie stuuents to inteipiet piouucts in teims of iepeateu auuition, skip-counting, oi jumps on the numbei
line.
! !
S. The italicizeu example iefeis to uesciibing a context. But uesciibing a context is not the only way to meet the stanuaiu. Foi
example, anothei way to meet the stanuaiu woulu be to iuentify contexts in which a total can be expiesseu as a specifieu
piouuct.
! !
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;'0 +<.*15+= &+-+0*#,+ -"+ ),4,'>, ,)*:+0 -".- *.4+$ -"+ +?).-#', -0)+ #, +.(" '/ -"+ +?).-#',$ ! ! ! !
!"! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !7

1. Tasks uo not have a context. ! !
2. 0nly the answei is iequiieu (methous, iepiesentations, etc. aie not assesseu heie). ! !
S. All piouucts anu ielateu quotients aie fiom the haiuei thiee quauiants of the times table (! ! ! wheie ! !
! anuoi ! ! !.
! !
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!

1. Stuuents neeu not use technical teims such as commutative, associative, uistiibutive, oi piopeity. !
2. Piouucts anu ielateu quotients aie limiteu to the 1u x 1u multiplication table. !
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47MR
!
1. Stuuents neeu not use technical teims such as commutative, associative, uistiibutive, oi piopeity.
!

2. Piouucts anu ielateu quotients aie limiteu to the 1u x 1u multiplication table. !
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1. Tasks uo not have a context.

2. 0nly the answei is iequiieu (stiategies, iepiesentations, etc., aie not assesseu heie). !
S. Tasks iequiie fluent (fast anu accuiate) finuing of piouucts anu ielateu quotients. Foi example, each one-point task might
iequiie foui oi moie computations, two oi moie multiplication anu two oi moie uivision.
!
4. 7S% of tasks aie fiom the haiuei thiee quauiants of the times table (a x b wheie a > S anuoi b > S).
@')0(+ A B8CDD EF#&+,(+ @-.-+*+,- !.:5+$


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Level 2: Paitial Commanu Level S: Noueiate Commanu Level 4: Stiong Commanu Level S: Bistinguisheu Commanu
Inteipiets piouucts anu quotients
of whole numbeis.
Inteipiets piouucts anu quotients
of whole numbeis.
(8E9567=8E6 anu inteipiets
piouucts anu quotients of whole
numbeis.

0nueistanus anu inteipiets
piouucts anu quotients of whole
numbeis.
Nultiplies anu uiviues within 1uu,
using stiategies ielating
multiplication anu uivision oi

-DDA5=79BF multiples anu uiviues
within 1uu, using stiategies
ielating multiplication anu
uivision oi piopeities of
opeiations.
-DDA5=79BF 48 = 74J9BF J=8895
multiplies anu uiviues within 1uu,
using stiategies ielating
multiplication anu uivision oi
Accuiately =8E aA4D;BF multiplies
anu uiviues within 1uu, using
stiategies ielating multiplication
anu uivision oi piopeities of
opeiations.
Knows fiom memoiy gieatei than
oi equal to 7u peicent anu less
than oi equal to 8u peicent of the
multiplication anu uivision facts
within 1uu on items which aie
timeu.
Knows fiom memoiy J@59 7K=8
cI C95D987 =8E B966 7K=8 UII
C95D987 of the multiplication anu
uivision facts within 1uu on items
which aie timeu.
Knows fiom memoiy UII
C95D987 of the multiplication anu
uivision facts within 1uu 48 7K9
=BB@779E time on items which aie
timeu.
Knows fiom memoiy 1uu peicent
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uiaue - Nathematics (TKu CSB) Instiuctional Suppoit Page 13 of 15

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Stiategy: Nathematical Piactice(s) Alignment:
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Bave each stuuent to biing an empty egg caiton to class.

Activity 1: The teachei will uistiibute gioups of objects to stuuents. Examples of objects to
uistiibute aie pennies, papei clips, buttons, maibles, etc.

Bave stuuents to uistiibute the objects equally using the caiton baseu upon a given expiession. Foi
example, give stuuents the expiession ! ! !! The stuuents can iepiesent this situation by taking SS
pennies anu placing S pennies in 7 compaitments.

Activity 2: uive the stuuents egg caitons that aie alieauy filleu with gioups of objects. Bave
stuuents wiite an equation that uesciibes the total objects, numbei of gioups, anu numbei of objects
in each gioup.

This activity allows stuuents to mouel
equal giouping of eveiyuay objects in
oiuei to uevelop the unueistanuing of
multiplication. This aligns with
mathematical piactice 4, Noueling with
Nathematics. In oiuei to wiite equations
fiom the objects moueleu using the
caitons anu making mouels baseu upon
given equations, stuuents aie ueveloping
contextualizing anu uecontextualing that
allots foi uevelopment of mathematical
piactice 2 - ieason abstiactly anu
quantitatively.
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uive stuuents seveial caius with numbeis wiitten on them. Bave stuuents to soit thiough the caius
anu finu ielationships among the numbeis by uiscoveiing the fact families. Foi example, one set of
caius consists of the following numbeis: {2, S, 4, 6, 8, anu 12}. Stuuents coulu possibly cieate the
following equations baseu upon the set:
! ! ! ! !
Even though the stanuaiu will not be
assesseu utilizing one of the
mathematical piactices, stuuents aie
ueveloping the multiple piactices with
the activity because in oiuei to cieate the
fact families baseu upon given numbeis,

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stuuents must ieason quantitatively anu
attenu to piecision in oiuei to ensuie
that the combinations cieateu tiuly
iepiesent an accuiate multiplication
equation that shows the ielationship
between total, gioups, anu the numbei of
objects in each gioup. Stuuents aie also
looking anu making sense of stiuctuie by
making keen obseivation of numbeis
given anu ueteimining how they ielate.
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Bave stuuents iuentify tuin aiounu facts when memoiizing theii multiples. If 2 gioups of 4 = 8, then
4 gioups of 2 = 8.

uive caius anu have them to match the tuin aiounu facts.

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Bave stuuents to iuentify the following pattein foi nine's.

1 gioup of 9 is 9
2 gioups of 9 is 18
S gioups of 9 is 27
4 gioups of 9 is S6

In oiuei foi stuuents to be successful at
memoiizing the multiplication facts fiom
u to 1u, a numbei of stiategies must be
piacticeu. Teacheis shoulu give stuuents
seveial uiffeient stiategies to assist with
the uevelopment of this ciitical fluency
expectation. The ones mentioneu as a
stiategy aie only a few anu if stuuents
aie not successful, it is impeiative that
teacheis continue to ieseaich anu
iuentify auuitional stiategies. Baseu
upon the stiategies pioviueu, the
ultimate goal is foi stuuents uevelop
pioficiency in mathematical piactice 6 -

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If you auu the uigits of the piouuct, the sum is 9. The fiist uigit in the piouuct is 1 less than the
numbei of gioups; the last uigit when auueu to the fiist will iesult in 9.

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Stuuents who may know fiom memoiy the Ss but not the 6s, can calculate the numbei neighbois.
Foi example, if a stuuent knows that S X 4 = 2u, 6 X 4 = 2u + 4 = 24.

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Bave stuuents to piactice uoubles.
If a stuuent knows his oi hei 2 times tables, they can uouble to memoiize the 4s.
If a stuuent knows his oi hei S times tables, they can uouble to memoiize the 6s.
If a stuuent knows his oi hei 4 times tables, they can uouble to memoiize the 8s.

attenu to piecision. By the enu of the S
iu

giaue, stuuents aie expecteu to know the
multiplies anu use them to multiply
efficiently anu with a level of accuiacy.


Mg3u3 Strategies For Learning Multiplication Fact

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