PROTECTION OF

CIVILIANS
THE NEW SCHOOL
JULIEN J. STUDLEY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
JOEL ARKEN KA`ILIKEA JACKSON
JILL BOYD JONATHAN LEONARD
MARIE HARGROVE CHRISTIE SAINT-VIL
SHARIF HASSANEIN KIAH SHAPIRO
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AGENDA
1. Client Background
2. Overview of Project
3. Methodology
4. Deliverables
5. Our Contribution
6. Lessons Learned
1. CLIENT BACKGROUND:
OXFAM INTERNATIONAL
Oxfam is an Oxford-based development organization.
17 organizations networked together in more than
94 countries as part of a global movement for change , to build a
future free from injustice from poverty.
We work directly with communities and we seek to influence the
powerful to ensure that poor people can improve their lives and
livelihoods and have a say in decisions that affect them.
Mission Statement
1. OXFAM INTERNATIONAL
Map by Joel Arken and Jonathan Leonard
WHERE THEY WORK
1. CLIENT BACKGROUND:
OXFAM INTERNATIONAL
Started in 1942 as Oxford Committee for Famine Relief
First action: Emergency aid past enemy lines in Greece
National organizations merged in 1995
Budget: 955.9 million pounds
Dedicated to fighting poverty around 6 areas:
Human Rights-focused Development
Gender Justice
Disaster Relief
Climate Change
Hunger and Food Justice
Adequate Financial Flows
1. CLIENT BACKGROUND:
OXFAM INTERNATIONAL
CAMPAIGN
&
ADVOCACY
WATCHDOG
ACTIVITIES
NYC
OFFICE
HUMANITARIAN
ISSUES
2. KEY TERMS
Department of
Peacekeeping
Operations
PEACEKEEPING: tool for maintaining international
peace and security
United Nations
Security Council
African Union
Peace &
Security Council
UNITED
NATIONS
AFRICAN
UNION
2. WHAT IS PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS?
Actions to improve the safety of civilians exposed to
widespread threats of violence, coercion or deliberate
deprivation.
Mandated by the
United Nations
Security Council in
1999. (Resolution
1265)
Derives from
International
Humanitarian Law
(IHL)
Similar to
Responsibility to
Protect (R2P)
2. WHAT IS PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS?
CORE CHALLENGES
Improve
Humanitarian
Access
Strengthen
Protection
by UN
Peacekeeping
Enhance
Accountability
for Violations
Compliance
with
International
Humanitarian
Law
Engagement
with non-State
Armed Groups
2. UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING
OPERATIONS
Source: un.org/peaccekeeping 5.14.14
2. OVERVIEW OF PRACTICUM
3. METHODOLOGY - ACTIVITIES
Oxfam NYC
Terms of Reference
Timeline
Confidentiality Agreement
SEMESTER:
WEEK 16:
Division of Labor Peer-reviewed
Captain Peer- driven
Submission Weekly Meeting
Presentations
SGPIA
Oxfam NYC
WEEK 1:
3. METHODOLOGY - SOURCES
RESEARCH & ANALYSIS
DISCOURSE
ANALYSIS
EDITORIALIZE OFFICIAL UN
DOCUMENTS
AUXILIARY
SOURCES
Deliverables
Date of
Submission
1
Real-Time Weekly Tracking Weekly
2
Open Debate on POC 2/14
3
Profile of Newest UNSC Member - Jordan 2/28
4
Summary & Analysis of UN/AU Policy
Developments in CAR
3/14
5
Summary of DPKO 2009 Report 4/4
6
Overview of Current Crises 4/11
7
Literature Review of SSR & Policing 4/25
4. TIMELINE OF DELIVERABLES
DELIVERABLE 1: REAL-TIME WEEKLY
TRACKING
Objective: Track protection of civilian
related issues in eight conflict countries.
Purpose: To keep the NYC Office up-to-date
on a weekly basis of developing crises
DELIVERABLE 1: TRACKING EXAMPLE
POC Debate
DELIVERABLE 2: OPEN DEBATE ON
PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS
February 12, 2014. UNSC PoC Debate. (7,109 meeting)
DELIVERABLE 2: OPEN DEBATE ON
PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS
Comprehensive overview of
Protection of Civilians
Secretary General Reports
Recommendations
Past debates
Themes & Issues
Hot spots
Institutional Capacity
Newest Security Council
member
Hosting over 600,000 Syrian
refugees

Over 60,000 Jordanians have
served in UN missions
Jordan contributes the 10th
most personnel to UN
peacekeeping missions
Jordanian peacekeepers
active in 8 UN operations
DELIVERABLE 3: PROFILE OF JORDAN
DELIVERABLE 3: PROFILE OF JORDAN
Countries with
Jordanian
peacekeeping
troops
DELIVERABLE 3: PROFILE OF JORDAN
1. Jordans position on current conflict countries
2. Policy priorities in the protection of civilians
3. Voting record on protection related issues
4. Current impact in protection of civilians
5. Jordans future priorities
DELIVERABLE 4: CENTRAL AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
Map by Joel Arken
Map of violence against civilians
Map of Violence against Civilians
DELIVERABLE 4: CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Visual timeline
United Nations Security
Council & African Union
statements
Analysis of 3 peacekeeping
missions in CAR
DELIVERABLE 4: TIMELINE
Source: pg 2 of Deliverable 4
This 2009 study was jointly created by
DPKO and OCHA in November 2009
The report examines:
Interpretation and
Implementation of peacekeeping
mandates
Difficulties working with UNSC
Specific challenges in 4 missions:
Democratic Rep. of Congo
Cte dIvoire
Sudan
Darfur
DELIVERABLE 5: SUMMARY OF
PEACEKEEPING REPORT

Source: Cover of DPKO Report
Deliverable: Summarize DPKO
report and attached Aide
Memoire In a 7 day period
Condensed the 402-page
DPKO report into a 13-page
summary
Condensed the 80 page Aide
Memoire into a 5-page
summary
Separated into thematic parts
and individually summarized
the sections.
DELIVERABLE 5: SUMMARY OF
PEACEKEEPING REPORT
DELIVERABLE 6:
OVERVIEW OF CURRENT CRISES
Indicators
Civilian Casualties
Refugees
Food Security
DELIVERABLE 6:
OVERVIEW OF CURRENT CRISES
United Nations
Peacekeepers
Gender Based
Violence
Indicators
DELIVERABLE 7:
LITERATURE REVIEW OF SSR & POLICING
United Nations Security Council
International Peace Institute
Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control
of Armed Forces
Partnership for Effective Peacekeeping
Deliverable: A literature review of 28 key reports on
Security Sector Reform and Policing from:
DELIVERABLE 7:
LITERATURE REVIEW OF SSR & POLICING
Security Sector Reform:
Rebuilding & creating structures of
security
Indicators
Contribution to POC (women)
Challenges
Accountability
Recommendations
Create a thematic section
Flexible roles for troops & police
Universal training programs
Gender recognition & balance
Source: pg 1 of Deliverable 7
5. OUR CONTRIBUTION
Synthesized
Official
Documents
Analysis
& Recs
Advocacy
High
Level
Advisory
Notes
Protection of Civilians: Value Added
Expands on Human Rights norms
Focused on civilians, women, children
Practical with peacekeeping
Protection of Civilians: Maintains liberal status quo
Top-down, state-centric view of power
Inherent institution restrictions
Oxfam NY is short staffed
Committed to issue?
Confidentiality lessens profile
Not transparent
6. LESSONS LEARNED
Our work was possible because
of our professors, particularly:
Phil Akre
Michael Cohen
Peter Hoffman
Mark Johnson
Michele Kahane
Terra Lawson-Remer
Chris London
Erin McCandless
Stephen Metts
Everita Silina
AND...Mona Shomali
THANK YOU, SGPIA!