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C.IAP. IV.

MODERN
INVESTIGATIONS.
1015
In 1842 Mr.
Cliantrell
deviloped a system wliicli incliidL-s tliat of Keirieli's. Its forma-
tion is detailed in the
journal named, to wl.icli we must refer tlie investioator, as tiie essay
has not otlierwise been
published. Fig. 1239. will at once show the principle, and if it
be dra"'n out to a very
much larger scale it
will not appear so com-
|ik'x. Besides the tri-
angles, the points are
obtained for many po-
lygons. The six divi-
sions, A A, 15 B, from
the semidinmeter are
first ol)taiiK'd
;
and
straiglit lines drawn to
each alternate one give
triangles. On their in-
tersections, as C C, if
lines be continued to
the circumference, six
centres are given, D D,
F F, upon whicli, with
the first r:idiiis A B
(or of the semi-diame-
te-r), strike a second
series of segments, and
a third set of \I cen-
tres is obtained, 'i'he
second centres will give
two intersecting tri-
angles, completing the
first
part of the design.
Upon the 24 points of
tlie intersecting iiuier
man
arcs, a circle inscril)ed
Fig. 1259. mu. ciiANTnr.LLS MsT^M.
will determine the inner triangles upon the centres of the first, and the diagram is perfected.
For more complex forms, an additional number of centre lines mny be drawn upon the
remaining intersections.
The number 10 was, according to Vitrnvius, Plato's perfect numlier
; but the anti-
Platonists, witli their 6 or the radial division of the circle (A to
B,fig.
1239.), could, by the
working of their centres, without the necessity of dividing with the compasses, produce the
10, showing that they were the more perR^ct, as their system combined witli all others.
The examples named by INlr. Cliantrell, in which "tlie system is clearly exhibited," are
tlie rose window in the south transept of York Cathedral
;
that of Winchester Palace in
Southwark
(ffj.
1190.). but slightly varied and almost undisguised; and the cast window
of Hawkhiirst Church, Kent. Walkington Cliurcli, near Beverley, tisingthe entire diagr:im,
affords a simple illustration; whereas Kerrich's plans are proportioned upon the second
radial figure produced by tlie division of the circle, they should be placed upon the base of
the great triangle, thus facilitating the operation of giving iiroportion to a plan. In the
composition of the cathedrals at Kly, Lincoln, Canterbury, Norwich, Salisbury, Worcester,
Durham, Peterborough, and Winchester, t':e general proportion is determined by the first
of the 24 snlidivisions on each side of the centre intersecting the great triangle. The
abbeys are all produced on the intersections of the triangles and their centres, and the
subdivisions for the piers are found in the centre portion of the diagram, with this occa-
sional difference, that transversely the radial lines may either pass through xhe centres
of
the
jtiers or come on the outer or inner faces,
to conceal the principle on which they were based.
Thus M
{fig.
12.39.) is part of the plan of the nave of Boston Church, Lincolnshire,
arrano-ed on the former principle, while N is part of that of Middleton-on-tlie-Wolds
Church, Yorksliire, where the lines come on the inner face of the piers.
"
F(ir the elevation, jiroceeding with the double spherical triangle upon the centres
Jon'>-itiidinally. and the variations bi'fure noticed, transversely, the various heights were
obtained for the pillars
;
and the sulidivisions by the spherical triangles upon them gave
arches, capitals, and bases, triforia, tracery, mouldings of every description, and due
proportion to each feature. 1 have every reason to believe," concludes Mr. Cliantrell,
"that tliis system will apply to the works of all ages that can be teste.l by sound geometric
principles."
The results of the investigations published by E. Cresy in 1847 arc added in Sect. VI.
F. C. Penrose, in his investigations at Lincoln Catlicdral in 1848, for the Archa;ological

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