Manual de Ingles Nivel 2 - Módulo 2

Ingls II
Mdulo II

2
Mdulo II

No est permitida la reproduccin total o parcial de esta obra ni su tratamiento
o transmisin por cualquier medio o mtodo sin autorizacin del autor y editor.
DERECHOS RESERVADOS

3
Mdulo II
Presentacin

Les presentamos una manera dinmica y actualizada para que Uds. aprendan a
manejar el idioma ingls de forma prctica y sencilla. En el recorrido de los mdulos,
podrn leer y comprender los dilogos que se entablan entre los distintos personajes y
a partir de all, resolvern actividades que los conducirn al aprendizaje de la lengua.
Uds. encontrarn las respuestas a cada autoevaluacin al final de cada leccin.
Con esta metodologa, corroborarn su propio progreso y les permitir rever las
lecciones anteriores en el caso que fuera necesario.
Las actividades sealadas como tales sern evaluadas por los tutores, como as
tambin el test de evaluacin (assessment), que se encuentra al final de cada mdulo,
que les ofrecer una amplia visin sobre la efectividad en el manejo de esta lengua.
La gramtica correspondiente a los contenidos se encuentra inserta en el
desarrollo de cada leccin. El glosario bsico se encuentra en un anexo al final de cada
mdulo.
Uds. tendrn la oportunidad de manejar tres medios para lograr aprender ingls:
1) Primero y principal: leer y realizar las propuestas en el mdulo grfico.
2) Como soporte indispensable para que ustedes dominen la escucha y el
manejo de la correcta pronunciacin, debern utilizar el cassette conjuntamente con el
mdulo grfico.
3) En forma complementaria, el CD-ROM, como herramienta multimedial,
colaborar en su prctica peridica, en donde encontrarn videos, audio,
autoevaluaciones y vocabulario animado.
Les recomendamos utilizar los medios detallados en el orden establecido para no
obviar ninguna etapa del proceso de aprendizaje de la lengua extranjera, as como
tambin para obtener ptimos resultados.
En este segundo nivel no se incluirn las traducciones correspondientes a textos,
dilogos y consignas. Nuestra intencin con estas modificaciones cumple dos objetivos
fundamentales: primero, que Uds. logren un dominio an mayor de la lengua en forma

4
Mdulo II
autnoma; segundo, que consideren que aunque les resulte dificultoso en un principio,
les resultar beneficioso finalmente.
Uds. podrn utilizar el glossary (glosario) que se encuentra al final del mdulo
pero les recomendamos que no se concentren en cada una de las palabras que no
conozcan al realizar la lectura, sino que traten de comprender globalmente el contenido
y posteriormente recurran al uso del glosario o diccionario.

5
Mdulo II
Lesson 1

When we think about The Middle Ages we imagine...

knights in shining
armour,

kings,

big and luxurious banquets,

6
Mdulo II

queens,

wandering
minstrels,

bishops,

monks,

pilgrims and

glorious
pageantry.

7
Mdulo II

In film and in literature, medieval life seems heroic, entertaining, and romantic. In
reality, life in the Middle Ages was sometimes all these things and it was hard, uncertain,
and often dangerous.
For safety and for defense, people in the Middle Ages formed small communities
around a central lord or master. Most people lived on a manor, which consisted of the
castle, the church, the village, and the surrounding farm land.
Lets see... What do you know about The Middle Ages?
Self correction activity 1.1 Listening activity
Read the following sentences about the social classes in The Middle Ages and put them
in the correct column.
In the Middle Ages there were three main social classes...

Lower class Merchant Class Nobility

8
Mdulo II
Its the highest class.
They were called peasants.
They had few rights.
They were artisans, armourers, masons and skilled workers.
They were rich but not as much as the nobility was.
They paid high taxes.
They were the king, his family and some close friends.
They worked in the farm land for their lord.
The masons were the most paid. They built different buildings.
They belonged to their master.
They were very rich.
They participated in government affairs.
Self correction activity 1.2 Listening activity-
1) Look at the following pictures about people of the Middle Ages, match them with the
correct description.
2) Once you have done the activity, listen to the descriptions so you can check what you
have done.
a) b)

9
Mdulo II
c)

d)
e) f)
g)

10
Mdulo II
h)
i)

j) k)

1) THE MERCHANTS: They were businesspeople. They traded salt, iron,
and text items. As trade grew, a new class of highly skilled craft
appeared. These new artisans produced cloth, shoes, beer, glass and
other goods. The masons built stone buildings.
2) A KING: (or Lord) He had large areas of land. To protect his lands he
gave some of the land to the Vassals. In return, the vassals promised to
fight to defend the land.

11
Mdulo II
3) THE MINSTRELS: They entertained people. They travelled from town
to town, often in groups. They were singers or musicians but they also
juggled, did acrobatics or danced.
4) THE KNIGHTS: They were warriors. They fought on horseback. Only
the sons of the lords could become knights. Candidates started their
training at the age of 7.
5) THE SERFS: They were peasants. They lived in small communities
called manors. The manor was ruled by the local lord. They could not
leave the community or get married without the lords permission. They
worked in the fields, took care of the animals, built and repaired the
buildings. They made clothing and cut firewood. Men, women and
children, all of them worked.
6) THE MONKS AND NUNS: They were men and women who lived in
monasteries and convents. They lived very simply. They could not get
married. They also worked as doctors.
7) THE VASSALS: They protected the Lords lands.
8) NOBLEWOMEN: They were wives and daughters of the noblemen.
They controlled the household servants. When the nobleman was away,
his wife ruled the manor.
9) THE BISHOPS: They were the leaders of the church. They supervised
the churchs priests, monks and nuns. They also had land.
10) THE SERVANTS: they were peasants. They worked in the lords manor
house, doing the cooking, cleaning and the housework.
11) THE PRIESTS: They were in the local churches or parishes.

12
Mdulo II
This is George. He was a serf. He worked for Lord Griston.
He worked in the field.
Yesterday morning, at 5 in the morning, he was having breakfast with his
wife and his three children. Then, they were working on the field all
morning. At two in the afternoon, they were having lunch because they
worked hard and they were very tired. Then, Georges wife and children
went to the lords house. While they were cleaning the lords shed,
George was taking care of the cows. In the evening, they all went home.
While Georges wife was cooking, the children and George were taking
the animals into the barn. At 8 oclock in the evening they were sleeping.

Read the text about George and Pay attention to the verbs
There are some verbs which are in bold and some others in bold and underlined

Which are in bold? (Write them)

______________________________________________________________________

Which are in bold and underlined? (Write them)

______________________

The verbs which are in bold are: was, worked, were and went.

13
Mdulo II
They are in Simple Past.

Which of those verbs are regular and which ones are irregular?

____________

The verbs which are in bold and underlined are: was having, were working,
were having, were cleaning, was taking, were taking, and were sleeping.

What do you think? Do you use this new verb form (tense) to talk about the past or the
present?

__________ ______

14
Mdulo II

This new verb form is called Past continuous.
Uses:
1) In the Simple Past a specific time is used to show when an action began or
finished. In the Past Continuous an action or situation was in progress in the past.
(El Pasado simple (Past simple) es utilizado cuando una accin empez o termin
en un tiempo determinado en el pasado, en cambio el pasado continuo (Past
Continuous) muestra un accin o situacin en progreso en el pasado.)
EXAMPLES:
Yesterday at 5 George had breakfast. (Simple past)

(He started having breakfast at 5.) (Comenz a desayunar a las 5)

Yesterday at 5 George was having breakfast. (Past Continuous)

(He started earlier and at 5 am he was in the process of eating breakfast.)

(Comenz a desayunar ms temprano y a las 5 estaba realizando la accin de
desayunar, estaba desayunando)

2) Parallel Actions

When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it
expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions
are parallel. (Cuando usamos el Pasado continuo con dos acciones en una misma
oracin, expresa la idea de que ambas acciones estuvieron pasando al mismo
tiempo, es decir, que son acciones paralelas)
Examples:
While Georges wife was cooking, the children and George were taking the
animals into the barn.

15
Mdulo II
Self correction activity 1.3
What were these people doing yesterday evening? Write sentences using the prompts
and the past continuous.

1) king / have dinner
__________
2) knights / fight
______
3) the noblewoman and her baby / play
______
4) the serf / sleep
______
5) the minstrel / dance
______

Complete the following text with the correct form of the verb. Use the
past continuous tense.
This is a knight. His name is Alexander. He is a very important knight.
Yesterday, his day started at 6 in the morning. While Alexander..........................(have)
breakfast, his servant ..........................(clean) his armour. When he put his armour on, it
............................(shine). Then he left home. It was a beautiful day. The sun
.................................(shine) and some birds..........................(sing). While
he...........................(walk) to the stable, his servant...................(prepare) his horse and
went to the headquarters. He arrived and all the knights............................(train). Some
of them ...................(practise) with lances and others ..........................(use) a bow and
arrows. He trained for three hours and returned home. At midday, he
..........................(have) lunch while his servant ..........................(wash) his horse. After
lunch, he had a nap. In the evening he went to his lords house. They ........... all

16
Mdulo II
..................... (have) dinner. So he stayed there and had dinner. After that, he went
home. The night was clear, some stars...........................(appear) and there was a
beautiful full moon. When he arrived home, he went to bed.


Lets imagine you are talking to Alexander, the medieval knight. Read his answers, try
to write the questions, then listen to the cassette to check your answers or write the
questions you could not do.

1) ?
My name is Alexander.
2) ?
Im a knight.
3) ?
I was having breakfast.
4) ?
Yes, it was. The sun was shinning and the birds were singing.
5) ?
He was preparing my horse.
6) ?
I went to the headquarters.
7) ?
They were training.
8) ?
I had a nap.
9) ?
They were all having dinner.
10) ?
I went to bed.

17
Mdulo II
Pay attention to the following questions from self correction activity 5.

What were you doing while your servant was cleaning your armour?
I was having breakfast.
What was your servant doing while you were walking to the stable?
He was preparing my horse.
What were the knights doing when you arrived?
They were training.
What were the king and his family doing when you arrived?
They were all having dinner.

Past continuous Tense Questions

To make questions in this verbal form, we write the past form of the
verb to be in front of the subject (escribimos el pasado del verbo to be
delante del sujeto).

What were you doing yesterday evening?
Were you watching TV at 8 pm?
Was he working last Monday morning?

How do you write the negative form? What do we add to the verb?

18
Mdulo II

Past continuous Tense Negative form

To make negative sentences in the past continuous form we add not
to the verb to be.
Eg:
The servant wasnt having breakfast.
They werent playing a game.
I wasnt singing that song.

Past Continuous Tense
Positive Negative Questions
I was playing chess I wasnt playing chess Was I playing chess?
You were walking You werent walking Were you walking?
He
She was having dinner.
It
He
She wasnt having dinner.
It
he
Was she having dinner?
it
We
You were cooking.
They
We
You werent cooking.
They
we
Were you cooking?
they
Short answers
Yes, I/ he/she /it was
Yes, you/ we/ they were
No, I/ he/she /it wasnt
No, you/ we/ they werent

19
Mdulo II
a) Put the following verbs into the past simple.
Thomas _______ (live) in the small town of Brington. Thomas _______ (love)
walking through the beautiful forest that surrounded Brington. One evening, he ____
(take) his umbrella and _____ (go) for a walk in the woods. He ______ (meet) an old
man named Frank. Frank _______ (tell) Thomas that, if he _____ (want) to become rich,
he should invest in a little known stock called Microsoft. Thomas ______ (think) Frank
_____ (be) foolish because Microsoft ____ (be) a computer stock. Everybody _____
(know) that computers _____ (be) just a passing fad. At any rate, Frank _______ (insist)
that Thomas _____ (be) wrong. Frank _______ (draw) a wonderful graph of future
possibilities. Thomas ______ (start) thinking that maybe Frank ______ (understand)
stocks. Thomas _______ (decide) to buy some of these stocks. The next day, he
______ (go) to the stock broker's and _____ (buy) $1,000 worth of Microsoft stock.
That _____ (be) in 1986, today that $1,000 worth of stock is worth more than $250,000!

b) Insert the following past continuous fragments into the above story:
As Frank was drawing the graph, ...
... while he was walking to work,
it was raining so...
While they were discussing the stock, ...
When he was returning from his walk, ...
As he was walking through the woods,
.

20
Mdulo II
Make as many questions as you can about the story in self correction activity 6 and
answer them.

21
Mdulo II
Self correction activities Keys


Lower class:

They were called peasants.
They had few rights.
They worked in the farm land for their lord.
They belonged to their master.
They paid high taxes.

Merchant class:

They were artisans, armourers, masons and skilled workers.
They were rich but not as much as the nobility was.
The masons were the most paid. They built different buildings.

Nobility:

Its the highest class.
They were the king, his family and some close friends.
They were very rich.
They participated in government affairs.


a) A king.
b) The vassals.
c) The knights.
d) A noblewoman.

22
Mdulo II
e) A bishop.
f) A priest.
g) A monk and a nun.
h) A serf.
i) The servants.
j) The merchants.
k) The minstrels.

Tape script:
1) A KING: (or Lord) He had large areas of land. To protect his lands he
gave some of the land to the Vassals. In return, the vassals promised to
fight to defend the land.
2) THE VASSALS: They protected the Lords lands.
3) THE KNIGHTS: They were warriors. They fought on horseback. Only the
sons of the lords could become knights. Candidates started their training
at the age of 7.
4) NOBLEWOMEN: They were wives and daughters of the noblemen. They
controlled the household servants. When the nobleman was away, his wife
ruled the manor.
5) THE BISHOPS: They were the leaders of the church. They supervised the
churchs priests, monks and nuns. They also had land.
6) THE PRIESTS: They were in the local churches or parishes.
7) THE MONKS AND NUNS: They were men and women who lived in
monasteries and convents. They lived very simply. They could not get
married. They also worked as doctors.
8) THE SERFS: They were peasants. They lived in small communities
called manors. The manor was ruled by the local lord. They could not
leave the community or get married without the lords permission. They
worked in the fields, took care of the animals, built and repaired the
buildings. They made clothing and cut firewood. Men, women and
children, all worked.

23
Mdulo II
9) THE SERVANTS: They were peasants. They worked in the lords manor
house, doing the cooking, cleaning and the housework.
10) THE MERCHANTS: They were businesspeople. They traded salt, iron,
and text items. As trade grew, a new class of highly skilled craft, appeared.
These new artisans produced cloth, shoes, beer, glass and other goods.
The masons built stone buildings.
11) THE MINSTRELS: They entertained people. They travelled from town to
town, often in groups. They were singers or musicians but they also
juggled, did acrobatics or danced.


1) king / have dinner
The king was having dinner.
2) knights / fight
The knights were fighting.
3) the noblewoman and her baby / play
The noblewoman and her baby were playing.
4) the serf / sleep
The serf was sleeping.
5) the minstrel / dance
The minstrel was dancing.


This is a knight. His name is Alexander. He is a very important knight.
Yesterday, his day started at 6 in the morning. While Alexander was having breakfast,
his servant was cleaning his armour. When he put his armour on, it was shining. Then
he left home. It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and some birds were
singing. While he was walking to the stable, his servant was preparing his horse. He
rode his horse and went to the headquarters. He arrived and all the knights were
training. Some of them were practising with lances and others were using a bow and

24
Mdulo II
arrows. He trained for three hours and returned home. At midday, he was having
lunch while his servant was washing his horse. After lunch, he had a nap. In the
evening, he went to his lords house. They were all having dinner. So he stayed there
and had dinner. After that, he went home; the night was clear, some stars were
appearing and there was a beautiful full moon. When he arrived home, he went to bed.


1) Whats your name?
2) What do you do? / Whats your job?
3) What were you doing while your servant was cleaning your armour?
4) Was the day beautiful?
5) What was your servant doing while you were walking to the stable?
6) Where did you go then?
7) What were the knights doing when you arrived?
8) What did you do after that?
9) What were the king and his family doing when you arrived?
10) What did you do when you arrived home?


a) Thomas lived in the small town of Brington. Thomas loved walking through
the beautiful forest that surrounded Brington. One evening, he took his umbrella and
went for a walk in the woods. He met an old man named Frank. Frank told Thomas
that, if he wanted to become rich, he should invest in a little known stock called
Microsoft. Thomas thought Frank was foolish because Microsoft was a computer stock.
Everybody knew that computers were just a passing fad. At any rate, Frank insisted
that Thomas was wrong. Frank drew a wonderful graph of future possibilities. Thomas
started thinking that maybe Frank understood stocks. Thomas decided to buy some
of these stocks. The next day, he went to the stock broker's and bought $1,000 worth of
Microsoft stock. That was in 1986, today that $1,000 worth of stock is worth more than
$250,000!
b) Thomas lived in the small town of Brington. Thomas loved walking

25
Mdulo II
through the beautiful forest that surrounded Brington. One evening, it was raining so he
took his umbrella and went for a walk in the woods. As he was walking through the
woods, he met an old man named Frank. Frank told Thomas that, if he wanted to
become rich, he should invest in a little known stock called Microsoft. Thomas thought
Frank was foolish because Microsoft was a computer stock. Everybody knew that
computers were just a passing fad. At any rate, while they were discussing the stock,
Frank insisted that Thomas was wrong. Frank drew a wonderful graph of future
possibilities. As Frank was drawing the graph, Thomas started thinking that maybe
Frank understood stocks. While he was returning from the walk, Thomas decided to
buy some of these stocks. The next day, while he was walking to work, he went to the
stock broker's and bought $1,000 worth of Microsoft stock. That was in 1986, today that
$1,000 worth of stock is worth more than $250,000!

Where did Thomas live? He lived in the small town of Brington.
What did he love doing? He loved walking through the beautiful forest.
What did he do one evening? He went for a walk in the woods.
Who did he meet? He met an old man named Frank.
What did Frank tell Thomas? Frank told Thomas that he should invest in a little
known stock called Microsoft.
What did Thomas think? Thomas thought Frank was foolish.
What did Frank draw? He drew a graph of future possibilities.
What did Thomas start thinking? He started thinking that maybe Frank
understood stocks.
What did Thomas decide to do then? Thomas decided to buy some stocks.
Where did Thomas go the next day? The next day he went to the stock brokers.
What did he buy? He bought $ 1,000 worth of Microsoft stock.

26
Mdulo II

27
Mdulo II
Lesson 2
A day in a Medieval Abbey

Read the following chart.
This chart shows a day in a medieval monastery.

TIME SERVICE OR ACTIVITIES PLACE
Midnight Matins Church
1.00 am Lauds Church
5.45 6.00am Prime Church
6.30 am
Mass
Breakfast
Church
Refectory
7.00 am Reading Cloister
8.00 am Terce Church
9.00 am Meeting Chapterhouse
9.30 am Conversation Cloister
10.00 am High Mass Church
10.50 am Hand washing Lavatory
11.00 am Lunch Refectory
11.30 am Rest period
12.30pm Work
5.00 pm Vespers Church
6.00 pm Dinner Refectory
6.30 pm Walking Cloister
7.30 pm Bed time Dormitory

28
Mdulo II

Look up the words you dont know in the glossary or a dictionary, write them in Spanish.

Matins: ________________________
Lauds: ________________________
Prime: ________________________
Mass: ________________________
Terce: ________________________
High Mass: ________________________
Vespers: ________________________
Refectory: ________________________
Cloister: ________________________
Church: ________________________


This is Murray. He is a monk at Whitby Abbey. Read the chart at the
beginning of the lesson and answer the following questions.

1) What was Murray doing at 6.30 in the morning?
____________________________
2) What were Murray and the other monks doing at 7.00 in the morning?
____________________________
3) Was Murray at the Church at 8.00 in the morning?
____________________________

29
Mdulo II
4) Where was Murray at 9.30 in the morning?
____________________________
5) What were the monks doing from ten to eleven in the morning?
____________________________
6) What was Murray doing at 12.30 in the afternoon?
____________________________
7) Were the monks praying at 5.00 in the afternoon?
____________________________
8) What were they doing at 8.00 in the evening?
______________________________

A day in the Abbey by Murray

Yesterday I was sleeping deeply when one of the Sacristans assistant
woke me up. We went downstairs to the church for the service. When we
were going down we heard the churchs bell. The service lasted about twenty
minutes. Then we went back to bed. I was sleeping really well when the
assistant woke me up again. We had a short service. We were praying when
the choir monks started having breakfast. We couldnt talk during the meal.
We were having breakfast when one of the monks started to read a book.
After having breakfast we had another service. Then we had a meeting.
When I was reading some rules, the Sacristan entered the room. After our
meeting we had our main service of the day. While the cook was preparing
lunch we washed our hands. The meal consisted of bread, vegetables and
wine. As usual, we couldnt talk. While we were having dinner a monk was
reading aloud another book. In the afternoon, I worked in the garden. I was
finishing my work when I heard the bell. After that, we took our last meal.
We were walking at the cloister when bed time arrived. We went to bed at
7.30 as we go every day.

30
Mdulo II
Look at the following sentences taken from the text.

Yesterday I was sleeping deeply when one of the Sacristans assistant woke me
up.
When we were going down we heard the churchs bell.
I was sleeping really well when the assistant woke me up again.
We were praying when the choir monks started having breakfast.
We were having breakfast when one of the monks started to read a book.
When I was reading some rules, the Sacristan entered the room.
While the cook was preparing lunch we washed our hands.
While were having dinner a monk was reading another book aloud.
I was finishing my work when I heard the bell.
We were walking at the cloister when bed time arrived.

What tense is after when?

What tense is before when?

When and While
They join sentences.
We use them when two actions were happening at the same time.
Eg: When/ While I was cooking , my brother was watching TV.
When the action in past continuous is interrupted (simple past)
The telephone rang when/ while I was having a bath.
While: must be followed by a continuous form.

31
Mdulo II

Past continuous and Simple past

Use 1:
We use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was
interrupted. The interruption is usually an action in the Simple Past. Remember
this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.
(El pasado continuo tambin se utiliza para indicar un accin que estaba en
proceso y fue interrumpida, por otra accin que est en pasado simple.
Recuerden que esta interrupcin puede ser real o solo un interrupcin en el
tiempo. )
EXAMPLES:
I was watching TV when the telephone rang.

When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.

While we were having a picnic, it started to rain.

Sally was working when Joe had the car accident.

Use 2: Atmosphere
In English we often use a series of parallel actions to describe an atmosphere
in the past.
(En ingls a veces utilizamos acciones paralelas para describir la atmsfera o
clima de un relato.)
EXAMPLE:
When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were
talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were
waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his
hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.

32
Mdulo II


Read the following text about yesterday in the abbey, then listen to the cassette and find
the mistakes. Once you have found the mistakes, correct them.

Yesterday in the Abbey by Murray

Yesterday we was sleeping deeply when one of the Sacristans assistant
woke me up. They went downstairs to the church for the service. When we
went down we heard the church bell. The service lasted about five minutes.
Then we went back to bed. I was sleeping really well when the assistant woke
me up again. We had a long service. We prayed when the choir monks started
having breakfast. We could talk during the meal. We were having dinner when
one of the monks were starting to read a book.
After having breakfast we had another service. Then we were having a
meeting. When I was reading some rules, the Sacristan entered the church.
After our meeting we had our main service of the day. While the cooker were
preparing lunch we washed our hands. The meal consisted of bread,
vegetables and water. As usual we couldnt talk. While were having dinner a
monks was reading another book aloud. On the afternoon I worked in the
monastery. I was finishing my work while I was hearing the bell. After that, we
took our last meal. We were walking at the cloister when bed time arrived. We
went to bed a at 10.30 as we go every day.

33
Mdulo II

Coming back to contemporary times, read four short stories from a newspaper. Two of
the following phrases go with each story.

Which article do they go in?
Where exactly do they go?

1) Motorist Driving at 120mph
Motorist Jeremy Page had to pay a fine of $330 at Los Angeles Magistrates Court
yesterday for speeding. Police stopped him on the motorway. The speed limit on
the motorways is 70 miles an hour. This was because I was late for work The
judge said that was no excuse.
2) Tree destroys house

Yesterday afternoon a 35-year-old
housewife narrowly escaped death when
a tree blew over and fell onto her
house, completely destroying it. It was
quite windy. I heard a strange noise
coming from our tree. Suddenly the
wind blew a little stronger and I watched
it crashed onto the roof The Bowles
family are staying with friends while their
house is rebuilt.

3) Man gets
SHOCK

A man received a severe electric shock
at his home in Solihull, Birmingham. Mr
Ian Taylor, 42, spent the night at the
Birmingham Royal Hospital and then
went home.
Suddenly there was a flash and an
explosion, I dont know how it
happened
4)Post Office Robbery
Yesterday afternoon thieves stole $1000 from a post office in Preston, Lanshire.
Police do not have a good description of the two men, but they know they escaped
in a red Ford Cortina. This information came from an 11- year- old boy, Charlie
Carrack.

34
Mdulo II
a. I was working in the garden at the time she explained. .
b. .because they were wearing masks .
c. I know I was driving fast he explained to the court. ..
d. I was trying to mend my wifes hair-drier, he said ..
e. when he was travelling at 120 miles an hour ..
f. .who was coming home from school at the time ..
g. . while he was mending a plug. ..
h. The earth round the bottom of the tree was moving. ..


Choose the correct form in the following sentences.
1. I met / was meeting a friend while I did / was doing the shopping
2. I paid / was paying for my things when I heard / was hearing someone call my
name
3. I turned / was turning round and saw / was seeing Paula.
4. She wore/ was wearing a bright red coat.
5. We decided/ were deciding to have a cup of coffee.
6. While we had/ were having a drink, a waiter dropped / was dropping a pile of
plates.
7. We all got/ were getting a terrible shock.
8. While the waiter picked / was picking up the broken plates, he cut / was cutting
his finger.
9. We left / were leaving the caf and said / were saying goodbye.
10. I finished/ were finishing my shopping and went/ was going home.


Put the verb in brackets into the correct tense (Simple present, present continuous,
simple past, going to or past continuous).

35
Mdulo II
1. Emma ..(spend) every school holiday in Scotland when she was a child.
Now (be) married and .(live) there.
2. Why are you under the table? ..you..(look for) something?
3. In my country we . (not have) lessons on Saturdays.
4. My wife ..(not like ) football but I (love) it.
5. I .(buy) a new pair of shoes yesterday. you ..(like) them?
6. Ian Fleming ..(work) as a stockbroker when the second world
.(start).
7. Margaretha Simons (come) from Norway, but now she
.(live) in Britain. She..(meet) her husband , Noel, while
she.(learn) English in Cambridge.


Complete the text with the correct past form of the verbs in brackets.
Last night, while I was doing my homework, Angela (call) she said she
(call) me on her cell phone from her biology classroom at UCLA. I asked her if
she (wait) . for class, but she said that the professor was at the front of the hall
lecturing while she (talk) .. to me. I couldn't believe she (make) a
phone call during the lecture. I asked what was going on.
She said her biology professor was so boring that several of the students (sleep,
actually) ..in class. Some of the students (talk) .. about their plans
for the weekend and the student next to her (draw) a picture of a horse. When
Angela (tell) me she was not satisfied with the class, I (mention)
.that my biology professor was quite good and (suggest) .. that she
switched to my class.
While we were talking, I (hear) .. her professor yell, "Miss, are you making
a phone call?" Suddenly, the line went dead. I (hang) up the phone and went
to the kitchen to make dinner. As I (cut) .. vegetables for a salad, the phone
rang once again. It (be)Angela.

36
Mdulo II
This is a monk. He describes his first day at the monastery.
Listen to the cassette and order these sentences.

a) A monk took him to an especial room where he spent some time alone.
b) After a light meal, he went walking.
c) His mother was crying and his father was encouraging him when he arrived the
monastery.
d) In the especial room, he prayed.
e) He was talking when he was having lunch, so somebody told him that he could
not talk.
f) He worked at the library.
g) He went to bed.
h) He had a light meal.
I) He walked for an hour.
1) 6)
2) 7)
3) 8)
4) 9)
5)

37
Mdulo II


Matins: un servicio eclesistico , que comienza a la medianoche o dos de la
madrugada. La primera de las horas cannicas (maitines)
Lauds: Laudes/ servicio eclesistico
Prime: Prima
Mass: Misa
Terce: Tercia
High Mass: Misa solemne
Vespers: Vsperas / la sexta de las siete horas cannicas
Refectory: Refectorio (comedor comunitario)
Cloister: Claustro
Church: Iglesia


1) He was having breakfast.
2) They were reading.
3) Yes, he was.
4) He was at the cloister.
5) They were attending mass.
6) He was working.
7) Yes, they were.
8) They were sleeping.


Yesterday in the Abbey by Murray
Yesterday we was sleeping deeply when one of the Sacristans assistant woke
me up. They went downstairs to the church for the service. When we went down we

38
Mdulo II
heard the church bell. The service lasted about five minutes. Then we went back to
bed. I was sleeping really well when the assistant woke me up again. We had a long
service. We prayed when the choir monks started having breakfast. We could talk
during the meal. We were having dinner when one of the monks were starting to read
a book.
After having breakfast we had another service. Then we were having a meeting.
When I was reading some rules, the Sacristan entered the church. After our meeting we
had our main service of the day. While the cooker were preparing lunch we washed
our hands. The meal consisted of bread, vegetables and water. As usual we couldnt
talk. While were having dinner a monks was reading another book aloud. On the
afternoon I worked in the monastery. I was finishing my work while I was hearing the
bell. After that, we took our last meal. We were walking at the cloister when bed time
arrived. We went to bed at 10.30 as we go every day.

Tape script - A day in the Abbey by Murray

Yesterday I was sleeping deeply when one of the Sacristans assistant woke me
up. We went downstairs to the church for the service. When we were going down we
heard the church bell. The service lasted about twenty minutes. Then we went back to
bed. I was sleeping really well when the assistant woke me up again. We had a short
service. We were praying when the choir monks started having breakfast. We couldnt
talk during the meal. We were having breakfast when one of the monks started to read
a book.
After having breakfast we had another service. Then we had a meeting. When I
was reading some rules, the Sacristan entered the room. After our meeting we had our
main service of the day. While the cook was preparing lunch we washed our hands.
The meal consisted of bread, vegetables and wine. As usual, we couldnt talk. While
were having dinner a monk was reading another book aloud. In the afternoon, I worked
in the garden. I was finishing my work when I heard the bell. After that, we took our last
meal. We were walking at the cloister when bed time arrived. We went to bed a at 7.30
as we go every day.

39
Mdulo II

a. I was working in the garden at the time she explained. 2
b. .because they were wearing masks 4
c. I know I was driving fast he explained to the court. 1
d. I was trying to mend my wife hair-drier, he said 3
e. when he was travelling at 120miles an hour 1
f. .who was coming home from school at the time 4
g. . while he was mending a plug. 3
h. The earth round the bottom of the tree was moving. 2

1) Motorist Driving at 120mph
Motorist Jeremy Page had to pay a fine of $330 at Los Angeles Magistrates Court
yesterday for speeding. Police stopped him on the motorway when he was
travelling at 120 miles an hour. The speed limit on the motorways is 70 miles an
hour. I know I was driving fast he explained to the court. This was because
I was late for work The judge said that was no excuse.
2) Tree destroys house

Yesterday afternoon a 35-year-old
housewife narrowly escaped death when
a tree blew over and fell onto her
house, completely destroying it. I was
working in the garden at the time she
explained. It was quite windy. I heard a
strange noise coming from our tree. The
earth round the bottom of the tree
was moving. Suddenly, the wind blew
a little stronger and I watched it crashed
onto the roof The Bowles family are
staying with friends while their house is
rebuilt.
3) Man gets SHOCK

A man received a severe electric shock
at his home in Solihull, Birmingham,
while he was mending a plug. Mr Ian
Taylor, 42, spent the night at the
Birmingham Royal Hospital and then
went home.
I was trying to mend my wifes hair-
drier, he said. Suddenly there was a
flash and an explosion, I dont know
how it happened

4)Post Office Robbery

Yesterday afternoon thieves stole $1000 from a post office in Preston, Lanshire.
Police do not have a good description of the two men, because they were
wearing masks, but they know they escaped in a red Ford Cortina. This
information came from an 11- year- old boy, Charlie Carrack, who was coming
home from school at the time.

40
Mdulo II

Choose the correct form in the following sentences.
1. I met a friend while I was doing the shopping.
2. I was paying for my things when I heard someone call my name.
3. I turned round and saw Paula.
4. She was wearing a bright red coat.
5. We decided to have a cup of coffee.
6. While we were having a drink, a waiter dropped a pile of plates.
7. We all got a terrible shock.
8. While the waiter was picking up the broken plates, he cut his finger.
9. We left the caf and said goodbye.
10. I finished my shopping and went home.


1. Emma spent every school holiday in Scotland when she was a child. Now she is
married and lives there.
2. Why are you under the table? Are you looking for something?
3. In my country we dont have lessons on Saturdays.
4. My wife doesnt like football but I love it.
5. I bought a new pair of shoes yesterday. Do you like them?
6. Ian Fleming was working as a stockbroker when the Second World War started.
7. Margaretha Simons came from Norway, but now she lives in Britain. She met
her husband , Noel, while she was learning English in Cambridge.


Last night, while I was doing my homework, Angela called. She said she was
calling me on her cell phone from her biology classroom at UCLA. I asked her if she was
waiting for class, but she said that the professor was at the front of the hall lecturing
while she was talking to me. I couldn't believe she was making a phone call during the
lecture. I asked what was going on.

41
Mdulo II
She said her biology professor was so boring that several of the students were
actually sleeping in class. Some of the students were talking about their plans for the
weekend and the student next to her was drawing a picture of a horse. When Angela
told me she was not satisfied with the class, I mentioned that my biology professor was
quite good and suggested that she switched to my class.
While we were talking, I heard her professor yell, "Miss, are you making a phone
call?" Suddenly, the line went dead. I hung up the phone and went to the kitchen to
make dinner. As I was cutting vegetables for a salad, the phone rang once again. It was
Angela.


1) c
2) e
3) a
4) d
5) f
6) h
7) b
8) l
9) g

When I first arrived to the abbey, my mother was crying and my father was telling me to
enter without being scared. Life in the monastery was strict. The first day I was talking
at lunch time when one of the monks took me out and explained me that we could not
talk during the meal. After lunch, all the monks were going to the cloister when other
monk took me to an especial room. I was alone for many hours. I was praying when I
finally could go outside. So I went to the library. There I was reading while some other
monks were writing some books. After working, we went to the church again. We
prayed. After a light meal, we went walking. I was walking quietly when I had to go to
bed.

42
Mdulo II

43
Mdulo II
Lesson 3
New Ideas from the East

The Muslims conquered Jerusalem. The Christians started a war called the
crusades. Crusade means war of the cross . It comes from the same Latin word as
crucifix and cross. In spite of this, some of the Christians admired the way the
Muslims lived.
The crusades copied these ways and took them back to Europe. They brought
the carpets back which they hanged on their castles walls. A few people improved their
table manners. They stopped using their fingers and began to use forks as Arabs did.
They learned to use spices with their food.
Trade improved between East and West; other new ideas appeared in Europe.
They also had better ways of sailing, telling the time and working out sums.
The new products that Europe had from the Turks, China and India were:

glass

perfume

rock
crystal

black
pepper

dates

raisin

44
Mdulo II

figs

ginger

cloves

rices

nutmeg

Almonds

sugar

enamel

Mirror

brass

astrolabe

porcelain

fork

carpet

jewellery

45
Mdulo II

pieces of cloth (silk, satin, velvet)

In English there are two kinds of nouns, countable and uncountable. Try to do
self correction activity 1 and then check your work. If you have doubts, please talk to the
teachers in the Magna Classroom (Aula Magna)


Look at the things the European people copied from the Muslims and classify the words
in countable or uncountable nouns.

Nouns
Countable Uncountable

46
Mdulo II
Please check your answers now.

Countable and uncountable nouns
Countable nouns are people or things which we can count; they have both
singular and plural. (Los sustantivos contables son personas o cosas que
podemos contar. stos tiene ambos singular y plural).
Singular Plural
Date Dates
Fig Figs
Clove Cloves
Fork Forks
Uncountable nouns are things we cant count. They have no plural form. Air,
for example, is an uncountable noun. We cannot say: one air, two airs (Son las
cosas que no se pueden contar, no tienen forma plural)
Most uncountable nouns are:
- Materials or substances: brass, air, glass, perfume, sugar
- Feelings or qualities: courage, love, anger
- Abstract ideas: safety, justice, freedom
Other: furniture, information , advise


Which are the eight countable nouns in this news report? Underline them.

Four cows escaped from the market at Winford this morning. It took three police
officers and several farmers over an hour to catch them. Two old women were hurt when
the cows were running over the main street

47
Mdulo II

Lets imagine you need to buy the following things Look at these words and say if they
are countable nouns (C) or uncountable (U). If they are countable write the plural form.

a) salt ..
b)

cooking oil
c) potato. d) rice ...
e)

toilet-paper
f)

washing-powder
g) fruit.
h)

vegetable.

48
Mdulo II
i) milk.. j) toothpaste..
k)

meat.. l) banana.
m) egg..
n)

mushroom.
o)

tomato. p)
marmalade
.
q) sausage
r)

coffee

49
Mdulo II
s) tea.. t) match..

Listen to the words and repeat them.

Activity 1
Write sentences using the words in self correction activity 3.

50
Mdulo II
Read the following text:
Sara and Lisa are two servants. They are in the kitchen.

Listen to the dialogue.

In the Lords kitchen

Sara: Now, have we got everything we need?
Lisa: Well, lets see. There are some onions and potatoes, but there arent any
mushrooms and, of course, there isnt any minced beef.
Sara: Are there any carrots?
Lisa: A few. But we dont need many, so thats OK.
Sara: How much milk is there?
Lisa: Only a little. There isnt any butter, and we havent got much cheese.
Sara: Well, we dont need much cheese. Is there anything else?
Lisa: No, not for Shepherds pie. Weve got some salt and pepper, and theres a lot of
flour.
Sara: Ok, lets go to the market.

Read the dialogue again and pay attention to the underlined words.

1) Underline with a blue line all countable nouns
2) Underline with a red line all uncountable nouns.
3) Discuss the use of the words in italics in the following sentences. You can
work with a classmate.

-There are some onions. ______________________
-There is some salt. ______________________
- Are there any carrots? ______________________

51
Mdulo II
- There arent any mushrooms. ______________________
- There isnt any minced beef. ______________________
- There is a lot of flour. ______________________
- There are a lot of potatoes. ______________________

4) How do we use a few and a little? What about much and many?

Lets see if you were right.

1) and 2)
In the Lords kitchen

Sara: Now, have we got everything we need?
Lisa: Well, lets see. There are some onions and potatoes, but there arent any
mushrooms and, of course, there isnt any minced beef.
Sara: Are there any carrots?
Lisa: A few. But we dont need many, so thats OK.
Sara: How much milk is there?
Lisa: Only a little. There isnt any butter, and we havent got much cheese.
Sara: Well, we dont need much cheese. Is there anything else?
Lisa: No, not for Shepherds pie. Weve got some salt and pepper, and theres a lot of
flour.
Sara: Ok, lets go to the market

3)
There are some onions. Onions is a countable noun. It is in the plural form, thats why
we use there are.

52
Mdulo II
-There is some salt. Salt is an uncountable noun. Uncountable nouns dont have plural
form, thats why we use there is.
- Are there any carrots? We use any in questions. You can use it with countable or
uncountable nouns. (Carrot is a countable noun).
- There arent any mushrooms. We use any in the negative form. You can use it with
countable or uncountable nouns. (Mushroom is a countable noun).

- There isnt any minced beef. We use any in the negative form. You can use it with
countable or uncountable nouns. (Beef is an uncountable noun).
- There is a lot of flour. Flour is an uncountable noun. A lot of means a big quantity of
something. You can use a lot of with countable or uncountable nouns.
- There are a lot of potatoes. Potato is a countable noun. A lot of means a big quantity
of something. You can use a lot of with countable or uncountable nouns.
(a lot of se utiliza para referirse a una gran cantidad de algo).

4) A little and a few mean a small quantity of something.
(A little y a few se utilizan para referirse a una pequea cantidad de algo)

A little is used with uncountable nouns.
Eg: There is a little milk in the fridge.
A few is used with countable nouns.
Eg: There are a few oranges on the table.

Much: is used with uncountable nouns.
Eg: There isnt much beer (= There is a little beer).
How much oil is there?

Many: is used with countable nouns.
Eg: There arent many matches in the box. (=There are a few matches).
How many apples are there?

53
Mdulo II
Expressions of quantity
Some / any
Some is generally used in positive sentences. Any is used in questions and negatives
Have we got any eggs?
There is some salt but there isnt any pepper.
Much/ many /a lot of
Much and many are generally used in questions and negatives. Much with
uncountable nouns and many with countable nouns.
How much money have you got?
There arent many parks in my town.
A lot of is used in positive sentences, with countable and uncountable nouns.
Hes got a lot of money.
There are a lot of parks in London.
A few/ a little
A few is used with countable nouns. A little is used with uncountable nouns.
There are a few biscuits in the tin.
Theres a little whisky. Could you go to the supermarket and buy some?


Put a, an or some before the following nouns. Then match the words and their pictures.
1.stamp 8 apple.
2 book 9. . tomato soup.
3. .. petrol 10. information.
4. tree.
5.. air.
6. . money.
7. music.

54
Mdulo II
Write questions using How much and How many.
Eg:
Weve got some eggs.
How many eggs have we got?
Do we need some flour?
How much flour do we need?

1) She has a lot of children.
____________________________
2) I went all over Europe last summer.
____________________________
3) I bought a new house last week.
____________________________
4) The house has a lot of bedrooms.
____________________________
5) Some people are coming for a meal on Saturday.
____________________________
6) Shakespeare wrote a lot of plays.
____________________________
7) She earns a fortune.
____________________________

Self correction activity 3.6 Listening activity -

A) Listen and tick the items you hear.
1) 2) 3) 4)

55
Mdulo II
5) 6) 7) 8)
9) 10) 11) 12)
13) 14) 15) 16)

B) Now listen to the dialogue again and say if the following sentences are T (true) of F
(false)

1) Sara and Lisa are preparing a very important meal.
2) They need eggs.
3) They have a lot of eggs.
4) They have got a little meat.
5) They have a lot of vegetables, so they dont need any.
6) They dont have any potatoes or onions.
7) They dont need milk.
8) They dont have much money.

56
Mdulo II

There is one mistake in each of the following sentences. Find it and correct it.

1) How many money have you got?
2) I only have a little potatoes.
3) I dont have many time, so I cant help you. Sorry.
4) The Sultan of Brunei owns a lot hotels.
5) Are there much Language schools in Madrid?
6) Close you eyes. Ive got any presents for you.
7) How many information about the place have you got?
8) I didnt buy some coffee because I have a lot at home.

57
Mdulo II



Nouns
Countable Uncountable
Date
Raisin
Fig
Cloves (*)
Almond
Mirror
Nutmeg (*)
Astrolabe
Fork
Carpet
Piece of cloth
Glass
Perfume
Rock crystal
Black pepper
Ginger
Rice
Sugar
Enamel
Brass
Porcelain
Cloth (silk satin velvet)
Jewellery

(*)
Cloves: is a countable noun in Eg: The ham has cloves. (cuando hablamos de los
clavos de olor en s)
But Clove is an uncountable noun in Eg: sweet spices such as ginger and clove.
(cuando hablamos de la esencia de clavo de olor.)

Nutmeg: It can be a countable or an uncountable noun.

58
Mdulo II


Four cows escaped from the market at Winford this morning. It took three
police officers and several farmers over an hour to catch them. Two old women were
hurt when the cows were running over the main street


a) Salt (u). k) Meat (u).
b) Cooking-oil (u). l) Banana (c) (bananas).
c) Potato (c) (potatoes). m) Egg (c) (eggs).
d) Rice (u). n) Mushroom (c) (mushrooms).
e) Toilet-paper (u). o) Tomato (c) (tomatoes).
f) Washing-powder (u). p) Marmalade (u).
g) Fruit (u). q) Sausage (c) (sausages).
h) Vegetable (c) (vegetables). r) Coffee (u).
i) Milk (u). s) Tea (u).
j) Toothpaste (u). t) Match (c) (matches).


1) A stamp.
2) A book.
3) Some petrol.
4) A tree.
5) Some air.
6) Some money.
7) Some music.
8) An apple.
9) Some tomato soup.
10) Some information.

59
Mdulo II

Self correction activity 3.5 - (Suggested answers)

1) How many children has she got?
2) How many countries did you visit?
3) How many houses did you buy?
4) How many bedrooms has the house got?
5) How many people are coming for a meal on Saturday?
6) How many plays did Shakespeare write?
7) How much money does she earn?


The items you hear are: eggs, meat, vegetables, lettuce, carrots, tomatoes, potatoes,
onions, milk, butter.

1) Sara and Lisa are preparing a very important meal. T
2) They need eggs. T
3) They have a lot of eggs. F
4) They have got a little of meat. T..
5) They have a lot of vegetables, so they dont need any. F..
6) They dont have any potatoes or onions. F
7) They dont need milk. F..
8) They dont have much money. F..

Tape script

Sara: We need to prepare the Lords banquet. Its a very important banquet.
Lisa: Ok, have we got any eggs?
Sara: No, we havent. How many do we need?
Lisa: I think we need 6 or 7 eggs.
Sara: Is there any meat?

60
Mdulo II
Lisa: A little.
Sara: Are there some vegetables?
Lisa: Weve got a lot of lettuce, some carrots and a few tomatoes.
Sara: What about potatoes? How many potatoes do we have?
Lisa: We have a lot too.
Sara: Are there any onions?
Lisa: Oh, there arent any.
Sara: How much milk and butter do we have?
Lisa: We have a lot of milk but there isnt much butter.
Sara: Ok, how much money have we got?
Lisa: Oh, no! We havent got any money.
Sara: Ok, dont worry. Ill talk to our lord.


1) How much money have you got?
2) I only have a few potatoes.
3) I dont have much time. So I cant help you. Sorry.
4) The Sultan of Brunei owns a lot of hotels.
5) Are there many Language schools in Madrid?
6) Close your eyes. Ive got some presents for you.
7) How much information about the place have you got?
8) I didnt buy any coffee because I have a lot at home.

61
Mdulo II
Lesson 4
Markets and Fairs

Many medieval towns had regular markets where traders could set up tables or
stalls in the centre of the town. People went to the centre from the countryside to buy or
sell.
The stallholders had to pay a fixed amount of money to the town council and
agree to be honest and fair traders. Many officials checked the measures and the
weights. There were also special markets on certain days: fish markets, corn markets
or cloth markets.

Read and listen to the following dialogue between a cheese stallholder and a customer.

62
Mdulo II
Stallholder: Good morning. How can I help you?
Customer: Id like some cheese.
Stallholder: What type of cheese would you like?
Customer: I want a piece of parmesan cheese.
Stallholder: Is this small piece OK?
Customer: Oh, no; Id like a bit bigger piece than that one.
Stallholder: Is this all right ? Its much bigger than the first piece of cheese.
Customer: Yes, Its OK.
Stallholder: Anything else?
Customer: Can I have some provolone cheese?
Stallholder: How much would you like?
Customer: I want a piece of cheese as big as the piece you gave me before.
Stallholder: Ok, anything else?
Customer: No, thanks. How much is it?
Stallholder: Its 5.

Lets analyse the dialogue together.
Do you remember that in English there are two types of nouns, countable and
uncountable?

Write four countable nouns.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

Now write four uncountable nouns.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

63
Mdulo II
Now pay attention to the following expression taken from the text.


Is the word cheese a countable or an uncountable noun?
______________________________________________________

What happens when you talk about a piece of cheese or two pieces of cheese or five
pieces of cheese?
______________________________________________________

To make uncountable nouns countable, we can use expressions of quantity.


Match the phrases from the shopping list and pictures A to K.

Shopping list:
A kilo of potatoes ..
A small box of mushrooms ..
A carton of milk ..
500 grams of cheese ..
A bottle of red wine ..
200 grams of butter ..
Half a kilo of tomatoes ..
An onion ..
Two tins of beans ..
Three carrots ..
A loaf of bread ..

64
Mdulo II

a) b) c)
d) e) f)
g) h) i)
j) k)


1) Listen to Paul and Carla. Complete the form.

Home Shopping form

2 tins Oranges ..
200 grams Bananas ..
1 kilo ..

65
Mdulo II
2 cartons of..
1 bottle ................
A carton of...........

2) Listen again and complete Peters questions.
a) How many tins of beans?
b) How.. butter?
c) How oranges would you like?
d) How. potatoes do you need?
e) How milk do you want?
f) How oil, Mrs Smith?
g) How. bananas?
h) How.. orange juice Mrs Smith?

Now, lets go on analysing the dialogue.

Customer: Oh no; Id like a bit bigger piece than that one.
Stallholder: Is this all right ? Its much bigger than the first piece of cheese.

What does one in the sentence mean?

One is replacing piece of cheese, because in that way you dont repeat words.

Look at these examples:

Example 1 (singular)
A: Can you give me a pen, please?

66
Mdulo II
B: Which one? The blue one or the green one?
A: The red one, please
One = pen

Example 2
A: Could I have a kilo of apples, please?
B: Which ones would you like?
A: Id like the red ones.
B: These ones?
A: Yes, please.
Ones = apples

Lets go on analysing the dialogue, read the dialogue again.

Stallholder: Good morning. How can I help you?
Customer: Id like some cheese.
Stallholder: What type of cheese would you like?
Customer: Oh, no Id like a bit bigger piece than that one.
Stallholder: Is this all right ? Its much bigger than the first piece of cheese
Customer: Yes, Its OK.
Stallholder: Anything else?
Customer: Can I have some provolone cheese?
Stallholder: How much would you like?
Customer: I want a piece of cheese as big as the piece you gave me before.
Stallholder: ok, Anything else?
Customer: No, thanks. How much is it?
Stallholder: Its 5

67
Mdulo II
Do you remember these words?
small big - expensive bad good heavy intelligent beautiful
What kind of words are they? Verbs, adjectives, nouns?

They are adjectives. They describe people or things and they are used before nouns.
Eg. This is a beautiful place.

Now pay attention to the following chart.

Adjectives Comparative adjectives
Small smaller than
Big bigger than
Expensive less/ more expensive than
Bad worse than
Good better than
Intelligent less /more intelligent than
Beautiful less /more beautiful than

68
Mdulo II

The comparative adjectives are used to compare two people or things.

Eg: The first piece of cheese was smaller than the second piece of cheese.
The second piece of cheese was bigger than the first one.
We use more/ less with long adjectives (two or more syllables)
Eg: Studying English is more interesting than studying Latin. (ms interesante
que)
Studying Latin is less interesting than studying English. (menos interesante
que)

When we want to say that two things are the same we use as+adjective +
as
Eg: I am as tall as my brother. (My brother and I are the same height).
The piece of provolone was as big/ small as the piece of parmesan cheese.

Now look at these examples from the dialogue.
Customer: Oh, no Id like a bit bigger piece than that one.
Stallholder: Is this all right ? Its much bigger than the first piece of cheese

When do we use a bit and when do we use much?

Read the following dialogue and find more examples.
One of the servants is doing the shopping. She goes to different stallholders in order to
buy everything her lord and his family need.

At the greengrocers
Stallholder: Good morning, Rose. How can I help you?
Rose: Id like a kilo of apples.

69
Mdulo II
Stall holder: A kilo of apples.
Rose: Id like a pumpkin.
Stallholder: Is this one OK?
Rose: No, I would like a much bigger pumpkin than that one.
Stallholder: What about this one?
Rose: Its OK.

At the cloth stall
Stallholder: Good morning! Can I help you?
Rose: Yes, how much are two metres of silk or velvet?
Stallholder: Well, my dear, silk is much more expensive than velvet.
Rose: What about satin?
Stallholder: Satin is a bit cheaper than velvet.
Rose: Ok, thank you.

To compare people, places and things we use:
1) a comparative adjective + than.
A medieval town was dirtier than a modern town.
A medieval town was less/ more beautiful than a modern town.
2) (not) as + adjective as.
A modern town isnt as dirtier as a medieval one.
3) A bit is used for a small difference.
A modern town is a bit more beautiful than a medieval town.
4) Much is used for a big difference.
A medieval town was much less polluted than a modern town.


Look at the pictures about medieval people and write sentences comparing them, using
the adjectives between brackets and adding a bit and much.

70
Mdulo II

The kings / The serfs

1) The kings were .. (rich) than the serfs.
2) The serfs were .. (hard-working) people than the kings.
3) The kings lived in .. (beautiful) places than the serfs.
4) The serfs were .. (poor) than the kings.
5) The kings were .. (hard- working) people than the serfs.
6) The kings wore .. (expensive) clothes than the serfs.
7) The serfs wore .. (comfortable) clothes than the kings.
8) The serfs were .. (important) people than the kings.
9) The serfs and the kings didnt have a bath regularly. So the kings were
.. (dirty) the serfs.
10) This king is 35 years old. This serf is also 35 years old. The king is
.. (young) the serf.

Actvity 1
Write as many sentences as you can comparing life in the Middle Ages and at the
present. Eg.

Living in the Middle Ages was much more dangerous than living at the present.

71
Mdulo II


Find out: who was who in the Middle Ages?

A noblewoman - village women a bishop - a minstrel a priest
a king and his queen noblemen monks peasants - knights

1) 2) 3)

72
Mdulo II
4)

5)

6)

7) 8)
9) 10)

73
Mdulo II

Look at the following pictures and write sentences comparing them. Use the adjective
given. In this activity, your answers could be different from the ones you are going to
find at the Keys section. If you have any doubts, please talk to your teacher in the Aula
Magna.

1)
(couple /monk)

poor - happy - long hard- working - rich - colourful

(Remember you can compare their hair, their body, their clothes, etc)

74
Mdulo II
2)
(minstrel /monk)

funny difficult good healthy -

(You can compare, clothes, job, life, hair, etc.)


Listen to the tape about women in the Middle Ages. Then, answer the following
sentences.

75
Mdulo II

1)_____________________________________________________________
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Activity 2
Imagine you are in the Middle Ages and you have to go to the market. You need to buy
different things. Invent and write the dialogue between you and the stallholders.

1) Was the role of women much more important than the
role men had?
2) What did women have to do in order to be a bit more
important people?
3) Could they choose their husbands? Who was in charge
of that?
4) Why couldnt a peasant arrange his daughters marriage?
5) What was the prima notte right?
6) What happened at the end of the Middle Ages?

76
Mdulo II


A kilo of potatoes. g
A small box of mushrooms. k
A carton of milk. f
500 grams of cheese. e
A bottle of red wine. c
200 grams of butter. a
Half a kilo of tomatoes. h
An onion. i
Two tins of beans. b
Three carrots. j
A loaf of bread. d


Tape script

Paul: Paul Patel, customer services. Can I help you?
Carla: Oh, Hello, Paul. This is Carla. Carla Smith.
Paul: Hello, Mrs Smith. How are you today?
Carla: Not too bad.
Paul: Good. Now, what do you need today?
Carla: Well, Id like some beans.
Paul: How many tins of beans?
Carla: Two tins, please. And some butter.
Paul: How much butter?
Carla: Oh, ah, er....
Paul: 200 grams?
Carla: Oh, yes 200. And some oranges, please!
Paul: Ok, Mrs Smith. How many oranges would you like?

77
Mdulo II
Carla: Er, four please, Paul. Id like some potatoes as well.
Paul: How many potatoes do you need?
Carla: Oh, er
Paul: A kilo?
Carla: Yes, a kilo. And some milk.
Paul: Some milk, Mrs Smith. How much milk do you want? Two cartons?
Carla: Er, yes, two cartons, please. And some, er, some oil.
Paul: How much oil Mrs Smith?
Carla: A bottle, please. And some bananas.
Paul: How many bananas?
Carla: Six.
Paul: Is that everything?
Carla: Yes. No... I want some orange juice.
Paul: How much orange juice, Mrs Smith? A carton?
Carla: Yes, a carton please. Well thats everything . Thank you very much, Paul.
Paul: Thank you, Mrs Smith.

1) Listen to Paul and Carla. Complete the form.

Home Shopping form
2 tins of beans. Oranges 4
200 grams of butter. Bananas 6
1 kilo of potatoes.
2 cartons of milk.
1 bottle of oil.
1 carton of orange juice.

78
Mdulo II
Listen again and complete Peters questions.

a) How many tins of beans?
b) How much butter?
c) How many oranges would you like?
d) How many potatoes do you need?
e) How much milk do you want?
f) How much oil, Mrs. Smith?
g) How many bananas?
h) How much orange juice, Mrs. Smith?


1) The kings were much richer than the serfs.
2) The serfs were much more hard-working people than the kings.
3) The kings lived in much more beautiful places than the serfs.
4) The serfs were much poorer than the kings.
5) The kings were much less hard-working people than the serfs.
6) The kings wore much more expensive clothes than the serfs.
7) The serfs wore much more comfortable clothes than the kings.
8) The serfs were much less important people than the kings.
9) The serfs and the kings didnt have a bath regularly. So the kings were as
dirty as the serfs.
10) The king is 35 years old. The serf is also 35 years old. The king is as
young as the serf.


1) the king and his queen
2) a bishop
3) a priest
4) noblemen
5) a noblewoman

79
Mdulo II
6) monks
7) knights
8) village women
9) peasants
10) minstrel


Suggested answers
Picture 1
1) The couple is as happy as the monk.
2) The couple is much richer that the monk.
3) The couple is wearing much more colourful clothes than the monk.
4) The monk is wearing much less colourful clothes than the couple.
5) The couple has much longer hair than the monk.
Picture 2
1) The minstrel is much funnier than the monk.
2) The monk has a much healthier life than the minstrel.
3) The monk has a better job than the minstrel.
4) The minstrel has a bit more difficult job than the monk.


Tape script

The role of women in medieval society was much less important than the role of
men. If women wanted to have a place in society, they needed to get married or to
become nuns.
Marriages were often arranged by fathers so they could be much richer. Women
usually got married when they were 14 years old.
For a peasant girl whose father wasn't a free man, getting married was much
more difficult, because the lord had to decide who she was getting married to. In some

80
Mdulo II
countries, the feudal lord had the prima notte right, or the right to sleep the first night,
the wedding night, with the bride.
Wives had to obey husbands. When their husbands were not at home, they wore
a chastity belt.
But fortunately, at late Middle Ages, things were a bit better for women. Things
started to change and women were a bit more respected than before.

Suggested Answers:

1) Was the role of women much more important than the role men had? No, it
wasnt.
2) What did women have to do in order to be a bit more important people? They had
to get married or to become nuns.
3) Could they choose their husbands? Who was in charge of that? No, they
couldnt. Their fathers were in charge of that.
4) Why couldnt a peasant arrange his daughters marriage? Because the lord had
to decide who she was getting married to.
5) What was the prima notte right? The prima notte was the right the lord had to
sleep during the wedding night with the bride.
6) What happened at the end of the Middle Ages? At the end of the Middle Ages,
things started to change and women were a bit more respected than before.

For correction of activities 1 and 2, please talk to your teacher in the Aula Magna.

81
Mdulo II
Lesson 5
Whose is it? Is it yours?


Match the objects which belong to pictures 1 to 4.

1) Knight
2)

a peasant woman
3)

Monks

4)

a medieval
house

1) .. 2) .. 3) .. 4) .....

82
Mdulo II

a) b) c)
d)

e)

f)
g) h)

83
Mdulo II
i) j)

Check your answers, read the following sentences:

These are the knights weapons. They
are his weapons. They are his.

Knight: These weapons are mine!

This the knights catapult. Its his
catapult. Its his.

These are the monks books. They are
their books. They are theirs.

84
Mdulo II

These are the monks items. They are
their items. They are theirs.

This is the peasant womans dress. Its
her dress. Its hers.

This is the peasant womans shoe. Its
her shoe. Its hers.

This is a chair of the house. Its its chair.
Its its.

This is a basket of the house. Its its
basket. Its its.

85
Mdulo II
Possessive form
We use s to show that something belongs to someone, or that something is associated
with someone.
Mr. Varleysbody. Anna and Seths mother.
The dogs food. Charleswife
The childrens grandmother
When we talk about things, rather than people or animals, we usually use noun + of +
noun to show that something belongs to something or that something is associated with
something.
The kitchen of his house The name of the school

Pronouns
Personal pronouns
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
I am a peasant.
You are my friend
He is Mathews father.
She is Samanthas sister.
It is my dog.
We are very good friends.
You are my friends.
They live in Germany. They are German.
Personal
Pronouns
Possessive pronouns
I Mine This is my book. This book is mine.
You Yours This is your book. This book is yours.
He His This is his book. This book is his.
She Hers This is her book. This book is hers.
It Its This is its page. This page is its.
We Ours This is our book. This book is ours.
Your Yours This is your book. This book is yours.
They Theirs This is their book. This book is theirs.
.

86
Mdulo II
Personal
Pronouns
Possessive adjectives
I My I have a book. This is my book.
You Your You have a book. This is your book.
He His He has a book. This is his book.
She Her She has a book. This is her book.
It Its It has a page. This is its page.
We Our We have a book. This is our book.
You Your You have a book. This is your book.
They Their They have a book. This is their book.


In the Middle Ages people played a game which was similar to football. It was called
Chasing the ball. The ball was a pigs bladder. There were two teams of 30 people
each. They played on the street.

Read the following sentences and complete with the correct possessive adjective or
pronoun.

1) I cant play today because Ive forgotten shoes.
2) And Jessica cant play because shes forgottentoo.
3) Andy cant play because he has .arm broken.
4) Rachel and Amanda cant play because they have forgotten special
clothes.
5) And Jill and Laura lost ..!
6) Clare is at home. Shes looking after her cat. It has leg broken.
7) Can you play, Lee? Or you dont have ..shoes with you

87
Mdulo II
Read the questions and answer them using the possessive s and the correct pronoun
or adjective. Pay attention to the example.
EG: Whose is this dress? (Jill)
Its Jills dress. Its her dress. Its hers.

1) Whose are these weapons? (Tom and Charles)

2) Whose is this bottle of whisky? (the king)

3) Whose is that old sock? (the dog)

4) Whose are these books? (Marco)

5) Whose is this basket full of fruit? (Sara)


Choose the correct option

1) Angelica has three bothers and two sisters. .brother Francisco is the oldest.
a. His
b. Her
c. Their
d. Its

2) Federico is married. wife is called Anna.
a. His
b. Her
c. My
d. Theirs

88
Mdulo II

3) Federico and Anna live in the village. .. house is white.
a. Their
b. Theirs
c. His
d. His and her

4) house is really nice. We like it!
a. My
b. Their
c. Our
d. Its

5) Jane: Where do you live?
Clare: ..house is near the village on the lords land.
a. Mine
b. His
c. Her
d. My

6) The knights dont haveweapons.
a. their
b. our
c. my
d. her

7) Paul: Whats.. name?
Mark: I am Mark.
a. my
b. your
c. his

89
Mdulo II
d. its

8) Servant 1: Where is coffee cup?
Servant 2: Your coffee cup is in the cupboard.
a. your
b. his
c. my
d. her

9) Saras father is a baker. ..mother is a servant in the lords house.
a. Her
b. his
c. Mine
d. Its

10) The dogs ball is lost. . ball was made of a pig bladder.
a. Theirs
b. His
c. Its
d. our


Fill in all the blanks. Use mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs.

A.
Frank: Whose coffee cup is this?
Joe: It's not Maybe it's Cathy's.
Frank: I don't think itsShe seldom drinks coffee.
B.
Sally: I think this T-shirt is . It's a medium and that's your size.
Ellen: I know it's not mine. It has to be.

90
Mdulo II
C.
Bob: Hey! Who left these dirty dishes in the sink?
Chuck: They're not mine. I thought they were..
Bob: They're definitely not. They must be Steve's.
D.
Henry: Have you seen Ron's blank CDs? He said I could use one.
Phil: There's a box of CDs on the kitchen table.
Henry: Those are probably .
E.
Melanie: We just bought a new car. We got a 2003 Toyota Camry. It's dark blue.
Rita: Oh, really? We have a Toyota Camry too. .is a 2001. It's silver.


Pamela and Maria are tidying their room. Listen to the dialogue and complete with the
missing words.

Pamela: . room is very untidy.
Maria: Yes, it is. . are these trousers?
Pamela: I think They are .They are trousers.
Maria: Ok. What about this t-shirt?
Pamela: I think its Isnt it?
Maria: No, its not ..It must be ..
Pamela: What about the green..?
Maria: That one is..Yes, its t- shirt. I bought it last Saturday.
Pamela: .are these high heeled shoes?
Maria: I think theyre .
Pamela: Ah, yes, they are. She likes high heeled shoes.
Maria: Whose is this ..skirt?
Pamela: Oh. Its . dog's old skirt. He sleeps on it. Its .

91
Mdulo II


1) b / e
2) f / d/ l
3) a/ g/ j
4) c/ h


1) I cant play today because Ive forgotten my shoes.
2) And Jessica cant play because shes forgottenherstoo.
3) Andy cant play because he has his.arm broken.
4) Rachel and Amanda cant play because they have forgotten theirspecial clothes.
5) And Jill and Laura lost theirs..!
6) Clare is at home . Shes looking after her cat. It has itsleg broken.
7) Can you play, Lee? Or you dont have your...shoes with you...


1) Whose are these weapons? (Tom and Charles)
There are Tom and Charles weapons. They are their weapons. They are theirs.
2) Whose is this bottle of whisky? (the king)
This is the kings bottle of whisky. Its his bottle. Its his.
3) Whose is that old sock? (the dog)
That is the dogs old sock. Its its old sock. Its its.
4) Whose are these books? (Marco)
These are Marcos books. They are his books. They are his.
5) Whose is this basket full of fruit? (Sara)
This is Saras basket . Its her basket. Its hers.

92
Mdulo II

1) Angelica has three bothers and two sisters. .bother Francisco is the oldest.
a. His
b. Her
c. Their
d. Its

2) Federico is married. wife is called Anna.
a. His
b. Her
c. My
d. Theirs

3) Federico and Anna live in the village. .. house is white.
a. Their
b. Theirs
c. His
d. His and her

4) house is really nice. We like it!
a. My
b. Their
c. Our
d. Its

5) Jane: Where do you live?
Clare: ..house is near the village on the lords land.
a. Mine
b. His
c. Her
d. My
6) The knights dont haveweapons.

93
Mdulo II
a. their
b. our
c. my
d. her

7) Paul: Whats.. name?
Mark: I am Mark.
a. my
b. your
c. his
d. its

8) Servant 1: Where is coffee cup?
Servant 2: Your coffee cup is in the cupboard.
a. your
b. his
c. my
d. her

9) Saras father is a baker. ..mother is a servant in the lords house.
a. Her
b. His
c. Mine
d. Its

10) The dogs ball is lost. . ball was made of a pig bladder.
a. theirs
b. his
c. its
d. our

94
Mdulo II

A. Frank: Whose coffee cup is this?
Joe: It's notmine Maybe it's Cathy's.
Frank: I don't think itshersShe hardly ever drinks coffee.
B. Sally: I think this T-shirt is yours. It's a medium and that's your size.
Ellen: I know it's not mine. It has to beyours.
C. Bob: Hey! Who left these dirty dishes in the sink?
Chuck: They're not mine. I thought they wereyours..
Bob: They're definitely notmine. They must be Steve's.
D. Henry: Have you seen Ron's blank CDs? He said I could use one.
Phil: There's a box of CD's on the kitchen table.
Henry: Those are probably his.
E. Melanie: We just bought a new car. We got a 2003 Toyota Camry. It's dark blue.
Rita: Oh really. We have a Toyota Camry too. It.is a 2001. It's silver.


Pamela: Our. room is very untidy.
Maria: Yes, it is. Whose . are these trousers?
Pamela: I think They are Peters.They are his trousers.
Maria: Ok. What about this redt-shirt?
Pamela: I think its yours , isnt it?
Maria: No, its not mine..It must be Saras..
Pamela: What about the greenone..?
Maria: That one ismine..Yes, Its myt- shirt. I bought it last Saturday.
Pamela: Whose.are these high heeled shoes?
Maria: I think theyre Samanthas.
Pamela: Ah, yes, they arehers. She likes high-heeled shoes.
Maria: Whose is this old..skirt?
Pamela: Oh. Its my. dog's old skirt. He sleeps on it. Its its.

95
Mdulo II
Lesson 6
The Black Death

Read the following text.

In 1348, a terrible plague came to Britain. This plague killed millions of
people in Europe. Nobody is really sure where it started but it reached Europe
from Turkey.
People who caught the plague developed large boils under their arms. Their
arms and legs became covered in black spots and they couldnt eat. They began
to cough blood and in a few days they were dead.
Medieval people were terrified on it. There seemed to be no cure and it
affected all kind of people, rich and poor.
We know now that the Black Death was the bubonic plague. Its caused by
a bacillus (germ) which lives in the fleas that are found on black rats.
The fleas bite the rats, which infects their blood. The black rats seemed to
have moved into Europe, possibly because of weather conditions. The rats
travelled on the ships that crossed the Mediterranean Sea bringing cloth, spices
and other goods from Turkey.
The Franciscan Friar Michael of Piazza, described how the plague reached
Sicily in 1347. At the beginning of October 1347, while I was walking on the
ship deck, I found many dead bodies. The infection spread to anyone who met
those bodies

96
Mdulo II

1) What happened in Britain in 1348?
2) Where did it start?
3) Where did it come from?
4) How did people die?
5) Were only poor people affected?
6) What is the Black Death?
7) Where does the germ of the bubonic plague live?
8) Where did the rats come from?
9) What was the friar doing when he found the dead bodies?

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)


Read the following paragraph about a medieval family who suffered the effects of the
Black Death. Write the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

When I . (throw) the rubbish on the street near our house, I ..(see)
my brother. He .(play) with a big black rat. I immediately (take) him.
While I ..(burn) his clothes he ..(have) a bath.

97
Mdulo II
We all (know) about the terrible plague. Many people (die) in our
town while the number of rats ..(be) higher and higher. After two days
I(cook) when my brother (come) into the kitchen and
..(show) me some black spots. I.(not know) what to do. While my
mother (prepare) some medicine for him I .(pray) . After a week I
.(come back) from the monastery because our priest
(help) us. We (find) him dead lying near the kitchen table.


Check your answers in self correction activity 2 by listening to the cassette.


This bar chart shows the number of people who died in 1349 in the English village of
Halesowen. In March there were 203 male peasants in the village; the Black Death
killed 81 of them. Write sentences using comparatives; you can use these adjectives:
strong / important / high.

Eg: In April the plague was a bit stronger than in March.

98
Mdulo II

_____


Listen to the Black Death in the Monasteries and decide if the following sentences
are T (true) or F (false).

99
Mdulo II
1) The Black Death didnt affect the monasteries.
2) Not many monks died because of the plague.
3) They were infected because they shared bedrooms and dining rooms.
4) The Black Death brought about economic problems.


Samantha went to the market in order to buy some things her family needed.
Complete the dialogue.

Stallholder: Good morning! How.?
Samantha: Good morning. I some oranges.
Stallholder: .. oranges do you want?
Samantha: One kilo. Id like .milk, please.
Stallhoder: ..milk do you want?
Samantha: .. jar of milk. Are there .potatoes?
Stallholder: Yes, there is. .. potatoes. How many .?
Samantha: I want half a kilo. . any cheese?
Stallholder: Yes, there is. Is this. ok?
Samantha: No, Id like a .piece of cheese than that one.
Stallholder: Is this .. all right? Anything else?
Samantha: Yes, its ok. is it?
Stallholder: Its $6.
Samantha: Oh, but this expensive than last week.
Stallholder: The Black Death, my dear! The Black Death!

Self correction activity 6. 7 Listening activity

If you could not complete self correction activity 6, listen to the cassette, check what
you have done and complete what you havent.

100
Mdulo II


1) A terrible plague came to Britain.
2) Nobody really knows.
3) It came from Turkey.
4) People had large boils under their arms and their body covered with black spots .
They could not eat and began to cough blood, then they died.
5) No, they werent.
6) The Black Death is the bubonic plague.
7) It lives in the fleas found on the black rats.
8) They came from ships coming from the Mediterranean Sea.
9) He was walking on the ship deck.


When I was throwing. (throw) the rubbish on the street near our house, I
saw..(see) my brother. He was playing.(play) with a big black rat. I
immediately took(take) him. While I was burning..(burn) his clothes he
was having..(have) a bath. We all knew(know) about the terrible
plague. Many people were dying(die) in our town while the number of rats
was..(be) higher and higher. After two days Iwas cooking(cook) when my
brother came(come) into the kitchen and showed..(show) me some
black spots. Ididnt know.(not know) what to do. While my mother was
preparing(prepare) some medicine for him I was praying.(pray) . After a
week I was coming back.(come back) from the monastery because our priest
was helping(help) us. We found(find) him dead lying near the kitchen
table.

101
Mdulo II

When I was throwing the rubbish on the street near our house, I saw my brother. He was
playing with a big black rat. I immediately took him. While I was burning his clothes he
was having a bath. We all knew about the terrible plague. Many people were dying in
our town while the number of rats was higher and higher. After two days, I was cooking
when my brother came into the kitchen and showed me some black spots. I didnt know
what to do. While my mother was preparing some medicine for him, I as praying. After
a week, I was coming back from the monastery because our priest was helping us. We
found him dead lying near the kitchen table.

Self correction activity 6.4 (Suggested answers)

In May the number of dead people was much more important than in March.
In August the number of dead people was much less important than in June.
In April the number of dead people was as important as in August.
In June the number of dead people was a bit more important than in July.
In July the number of dead people was a bit higher than in May.
In May the number of dead people was a bit lower than in July.

1) The black death didnt affect the monasteries. ..F..
2) Not many monks died because of the plague. .F..
3) They were infected because they shared bedrooms and dining rooms. T
4) The Black Death brought about economic problems. T

Tape script
The Black Death In the Monasteries
Many people thought that the Black Death would not affect the monasteries.
Many monks died because of the plague. This was because they shared bedrooms,
dining- rooms and work places.

102
Mdulo II
For in some religious houses, of twenty monks, two survived. For, to say nothing
of other monasteries, in the monastery of St. Albans more than forty monks died in few
days.The plague was immediately followed by the death of some animals. There
were no people to feed the animals or to cultivate the lands


Stallholder: Good morning! Howcan I help you.?
Samantha: Good morning. Id like some oranges.
Stallholder: How many.. oranges do you want?
Samantha: One kilo. Id like some.milk, please.
Stallholder: How much..milk do you want?
Samantha: A.. jar of milk. Are there any.potatoes?
Stallholder: Yes, there isa lot of.. potatoes. How many do you
need.?
Samantha: I want half a kilo. Is there . any cheese?
Stallholder: Yes, there is. Is thispiece of cheese. ok?
Samantha: No, Id like a bit smaller.piece of cheese than that one.
Stallholder: Is this one.. all right? Anything else?
Samantha: Yes, its ok. How muchis it?
Samantha: Oh, but this is. much moreexpensive than last week.

Self correction activity 6.7 listening activity

Tape script

Stallholder: Good morning! How can I help you?
Samantha: Good morning. Id like some oranges.
Stallholder: How many oranges do you want?
Samantha: One kilo. Id like some milk, please.

103
Mdulo II
Stallholder: How much milk do you want?
Samantha: A jar of milk. Are there any potatoes?
Stallholder: Yes, there is a lot of potatoes. How many do you need?
Samantha: I want half a kilo. Is there any cheese?
Stallholder: Yes, there is. Is this piece of cheese ok?
Samantha: No, Id like a bit smaller piece of cheese than that one.
Stallholder: Is this one all right? Anything else?
Samantha: Yes, its ok. How much is it?
Samantha: Oh, but this is much more expensive than last week.

104
Mdulo II

105
Mdulo II
Glossary

Abbey: abada

Acolyte: monaguillo
Acrobatics: acrobacias
Advice: consejo
Air: aire
Almonds: almendras

Anger: enojo
Armour: armadura

Arrow: flecha
Artisan: artesano
Astrolabe: astrolabio
Away: lejano / estar fuera
Banquet: banquete

106
Mdulo II
Barn: establo

Basket: canasta
Beer: cerveza
Bishop: obispo

Black pepper: pimienta negra
Blew: pasado del verbo blow
Blood: sangre
Blow: soplar
Bought back: pasado del verbo bring back
Bow: arco
Brass: cobre
Bring back (phrasal verb): traer
Bubonic plague: peste bubnica
Candidate: candidato
Castle: castillo

Catapult: catapulta
Christians: cristianos
Church: iglesia
Cloister: lugar en el convento o monasterio dedicado a la reclusin religiosa.
Cloth: tela
Clothing: ropa

107
Mdulo II
Cloves: clavo de olor
Comunity: comunidad
Consist: consistir
Convent: convento
Cough: toser

Courage: coraje
Craft: oficio
Crash: chocar
Cross: cruz
Crusades: cruzadas
Customer: cliente
Cut: cortar
Dates: dtiles
Deacon: dicono
Defense: defensa
Dyes: teidos
Earn: ganar dinero trabajando
Enamel: esmalte / esmaltado
Encourage: alentar / dar coraje
Entertaining: entretenido
Farm land: tierra para el cultivo
Field: campo
Fig: higo

108
Mdulo II
Fight: pelear

Fine: multa
Firewood: madera para el fuego
Flea: pulga
Fork. Tenedor

Furniture: mobiliario / muebles
Freedom: libertad
Friar: fraile
Germ: germen
Ginger: jengibre
Glass: vidrio
Glorious: glorioso / a
Good: bienes
Grams: gramos
Hang: colgar
Have to: tener que (obligacin)
Headquarters: cuartel
Heroic: heroico
High Mass: (Misa Mayor) una misa en donde el celebrante es asistido por un dicono,
un subdicono, acompaado de monaguillos y coro.
Highly: altamente
Horseback: a caballo

109
Mdulo II
Household: domstico
Housework: trabajo domstico

Improve: mejorar
In bold: en negrita
In return: a cambio de
Infect: infectar
Information: informacin
Iron: hierro
J ewellery: joyas
J uggle: hacer malabarismos
J ustice. Justicia
King: rey
Knight: caballero
Lance: lanza
Lauds: servicio eclesistico (laudes)
Limit: lmite
Loaf: hogaza de pan

Loaves: hogazas
Lord: seor
Love: amor
Luxurious: lujoso
Manor (history): feudo
Manor: casa
Mass: misa
Matins: un servicio eclesistico, que comienza a la medianoche o dos de la madrugada.
La primera de las horas cannicas (maitines)

110
Mdulo II
Mend: arreglar
Merchant: comerciante
Mile: milla
Minced beef: carne picada
Mirror: espejo
Monastery: monasterio
Monk: monje

Mph: millas por hora
Muslims: musulmanes
Noble: noble
Nobleman: hombre de la
nobleza

Noblewoman: mujer de la nobleza
Nobody: nadie
Nun: monja

Nutmeg: nuez moscada
Pageantry: ceremonias / fiestas
Parrish: parroquia
Pay attention to: prestar atencin a

111
Mdulo II
Peasant: campesino

Permission: permiso
Piece: pedazo, trozo
Pilgrim: peregrino
Plague: plaga
Plug: enchufe

Porcelain: porcelana
Pray: rezar

Prayer: plegaria
Priest: prroco
Prime: la segunda hora de las siete horas cannicas, no utilizada actualmente en la
liturgia.
Protect: proteger
Queen: reina

112
Mdulo II
Raisins: pasas de uvas
Refectory: comedor o lugar en donde se sirven comidas, en especial en una institucin
o colegio.
Repair: reparar
Rice. Arroz
Rock crystal: cristal de roca / cuarzo
Roof: techo
Rule: gobernar / controlar
Safety: seguridad
Sail: navegar
Sailing: navegacin
Salt: sal

Satin: satn
Serf (history): siervo
Shed: galpn
Shining: brillante
Ship deck: cubierta de barco
Silk: seda
Skill: habilidad
Speed: velocidad
Spots: manchas

Spread: expandir
Steal: hurtar
Stole: pasado del verbo steal
Stone. piedra

113
Mdulo II
Suddenly: repentinamente
Sums: sumas
Take back: traer de vuelta
Take care (pharsal verb): cuidar
Terce: la tercera de las siete horas cannicas; ya no se utiliza en la liturgia.
Tin: lata
Took back: pasado del verbo take back
Trade: comercio / negociar
Turks: turcos
Uncertain: dudoso
Vassal. Vasallo
Velvet: terciopelo
Vespers: la sexta de las siete horas cannicas (vsperas)
Village: pueblo
Wandering minstrel: un msico y cantante de la Edad Media que viajaba de pueblo en
pueblo.
Wandering: nmade
Warrior: luchador

Weapon: arma
While: mientras
Work out: solucionar
Yell: gritar

114
Mdulo II

115
Mdulo II
Indice

Presentacin ................................................................................................................... 3

Lesson 1 ........................................................................................................................ 27
Self correction activity 1.1 Listening activity ............................................................ 7
Self correction activity 1.2 Listening activity- .............................................................. 8
Self correction activity 1.3 ........................................................................................... 15
Self correction activity 1.5 Listening activity ......................................................... 16
Past Continuous Tense .................................................................................................. 18
Self correction activities Keys ...................................................................................... 21

Lesson 2 ........................................................................................................................ 27
A day in a Medieval Abbey ............................................................................................. 27
Self correction activity 2.2 ........................................................................................ 28
A day in the Abbey by Murray ........................................................................................ 29
When and While ............................................................................................................. 30
Past continuous and Simple past ................................................................................... 31
Self correction activity 2.3 Listening activity .......................................................... 32
Yesterday in the Abbey by Murray ................................................................................ 32
Self correction activities Keys ...................................................................................... 37

Lesson 3 ........................................................................................................................ 43
New Ideas from the East ................................................................................................ 43
Countable and uncountable nouns ................................................................................. 46
In the Lords kitchen ....................................................................................................... 50
Expressions of quantity .................................................................................................. 51
Self correction activity 3.6 Listening activity - .......................................................... 54
Self correction activities Keys ................................................................................... 57

116
Mdulo II

Lesson 4 ........................................................................................................................ 61
Markets and Fairs ........................................................................................................... 61

Lesson 5 ........................................................................................................................ 81
Whose is it? Is it yours? ................................................................................................. 81
Possessive form ............................................................................................................. 85
Pronouns ........................................................................................................................ 85
Self correction activity 5.6 Listening activity - ............................................................ 90

Lesson 6 ........................................................................................................................ 95
The Black Death ............................................................................................................. 95
Self correction activity 6.3 Listening activity - ........................................................... 97
Self correction activity 6.5 Listening activity - ........................................................... 98
Self correction activity 6. 7 Listening activity .......................................................... 99
Self correction activities Keys ................................................................................. 100

Glossary ...................................................................................................................... 105

Manual de Ingles Nivel 2 - Módulo 2

Transféré par

Informations du document

Description originale:

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Manual de Ingles Nivel 2 - Módulo 2

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Ingls II

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi