FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Numerical Analysis
HOMEWORK NO: 4
MTH 204
EPOKA UNIVERSITY











Prepared by: Accepted by:
Briland Hitaj M.sc. Erind Bedalli
Briland Hitaj
Numerical Analysis Assignment NO: 4
1

Question: Write down the proofs of these 3-theorems.
Theorem 1: If we multiply a row of a matrix A by a scalar k, obtaining the matrix B, then detB = k * detA.
Answer:
Lets have matrix A like below:
=
`

o
11
o
12
o
1n
o
21
o
22
o
2n
o
31
o
32
o
3n
. . .
o
n1
o
n2
o
nn
/

If we find the determinant of matrix A by expanding through the first row we get:
= o
11
- (-)
1+1
- _
o
22
o
23
o
2n
o
32
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n2
o
n3
o
nn
_ +o
12
- (-)
1+2
- _
o
21
o
23
o
2n
o
31
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n1
o
n3
o
nn
_
+ ........ + o
1n
- (-)
1+n
- _
o
21
o
22
o
2n-1
o
31
o
32
o
3n-1
. . .
o
n1
o
n2
o
nn-1
_
Lets multiply the first row of matrix A by a scalar k and we have the matrix B as below:
=
`

- o
11
- o
12
- o
1n
o
21
o
22
o
2n
o
31
o
32
o
3n
. . .
o
n1
o
n2
o
nn /

Now determinant of B is equal to:
= - o
11
- (-)
1+1
- _
o
22
o
23
o
2n
o
32
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n2
o
n3
o
nn
_ + - o
12
- (-)
1+2
- _
o
21
o
23
o
2n
o
31
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n1
o
n3
o
nn
_ + ......
+ - o
1n
- (-)
1+n
- _
o
21
o
22
o
2n-1
o
31
o
32
o
3n-1
. . .
o
n1
o
n2
o
nn-1
_
uetB = k - _o
11
- (-)
1+1
- _
o
22
o
23
o
2n
o
32
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n2
o
n3
o
nn
_ +o
12
- (-)
1+2
- _
o
21
o
23
o
2n
o
31
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n1
o
n3
o
nn
_
+ ........ + o
1n
- (-)
1+n
- _
o
21
o
22
o
2n-1
o
31
o
32
o
3n-1
. . .
o
n1
o
n2
o
nn-1
__
==> = -
Briland Hitaj
Numerical Analysis Assignment NO: 4
2

Theorem 2: If we interchange two rows of matrix A, obtaining the matrix B, then detB = - detA.
Answer:
Lets have the matrix A like below:
=
`

o
11
o
12
o
1n
o
21
o
22
o
2n
o
31
o
32
o
3n
. . .
o
n1
o
n2
o
nn
/

If we find the determinant of matrix A by expanding through the first row we get:
= o
11
- (-)
1+1
- _
o
22
o
23
o
2n
o
32
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n2
o
n3
o
nn
_ +o
12
- (-)
1+2
- _
o
21
o
23
o
2n
o
31
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n1
o
n3
o
nn
_
+ ........ + o
1n
- (-)
1+n
- _
o
21
o
22
o
2n-1
o
31
o
32
o
3n-1
. . .
o
n1
o
n2
o
nn-1
_
Now lets suppose we interchange the first row (R1) with the second row (R2), so that I obtain matrix B as
follows:
=
`

o
21
o
22
o
2n
o
11
o
12
o
1n
o
31
o
32
o
3n
. . .
o
n1
o
n2
o
nn
/

Lets find the determinant of matrix B by expanding the second row so I get:
= o
11
- (-)
2+1
- _
o
22
o
23
o
2n
o
32
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n2
o
n3
o
nn
_ +o
12
- (-)
2+2
- _
o
21
o
23
o
2n
o
31
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n1
o
n3
o
nn
_
+ ........ + o
1n
- (-)
2+n
- _
o
21
o
22
o
2n-1
o
31
o
32
o
3n-1
. . .
o
n1
o
n2
o
nn-1
_
= - - _o
11
- (-)
1+1
- _
o
22
o
23
o
2n
o
32
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n2
o
n3
o
nn
_ +o
12
- (-)
1+2
- _
o
21
o
23
o
2n
o
31
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n1
o
n3
o
nn
_
+ ........ + o
1n
- (-)
1+n
- _
o
21
o
22
o
2n-1
o
31
o
32
o
3n-1
. . .
o
n1
o
n2
o
nn-1
__
==> detB = - detA
Briland Hitaj
Numerical Analysis Assignment NO: 4
3

Theorem 3: If we add the product of a row by a scalar to another row of matrix A, obtaining the matrix B, then
detA = detB.
Answer:
Lets have the matrix A like below:
=
`

o
11
o
12
o
1n
o
21
o
22
o
2n
o
31
o
32
o
3n
. . .
o
n1
o
n2
o
nn
/

If we find the determinant of matrix A by expanding through the first row we get:
= o
11
- (-)
1+1
- _
o
22
o
23
o
2n
o
32
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n2
o
n3
o
nn
_ +o
12
- (-)
1+2
- _
o
21
o
23
o
2n
o
31
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n1
o
n3
o
nn
_
+ ........ + o
1n
- (-)
1+n
- _
o
21
o
22
o
2n-1
o
31
o
32
o
3n-1
. . .
o
n1
o
n2
o
nn-1
_
Lets suppose we multiply the first row (R1) by a scalar k and I add the product to the second row (R2) of matrix
A obtaining so matrix B as follows:
=
`

o
11
o
12
o
1n
- o
11
+o
21
- o
12
+o
21
- o
1n
+o
2n
o
31
o
32
o
3n
. . .
o
n1
o
n2
o
nn /

Lets find the determinant of matrix B by expanding the second row so I get:
= ( - o
11
+o
21
) - (-)
2+1
- _
o
12
o
13
o
1n
o
32
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n2
o
n3
o
nn
_ +( - o
12
+o
21
) - (-)
2+2
- _
o
11
o
13
o
1n
o
31
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n1
o
n3
o
nn
_ + ......+( - o
1n
+o
2n
) - (-)
2+n
- _
o
11
o
12
o
1n-1
o
31
o
32
o
3n-1
. . .
o
n1
o
n2
o
nn-1
_
Briland Hitaj
Numerical Analysis Assignment NO: 4
4

= o
21
- (-)
2+1
- _
o
12
o
13
o
1n
o
32
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n2
o
n3
o
nn
_ +o
21
- (-)
2+2
- _
o
11
o
13
o
1n
o
31
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n1
o
n3
o
nn
_ + ......+o
2n
- (-)
2+n
- _
o
11
o
12
o
1n-1
o
31
o
32
o
3n-1
. . .
o
n1
o
n2
o
nn-1
_ +( - o
11
) - (-)
2+1
- _
o
12
o
13
o
1n
o
32
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n2
o
n3
o
nn
_
+( - o
12
) - (-)
2+2
- _
o
11
o
13
o
1n
o
31
o
33
o
3n
. . .
o
n1
o
n3
o
nn
_ + ......+( - o
1n
) - (-)
2+n
- _
o
11
o
12
o
1n-1
o
31
o
32
o
3n-1
. . .
o
n1
o
n2
o
nn-1
_
In a matrix if two rows are proportional to one another then the determinant of that matrix is 0. Now the first
part is equal to detA and the remaining part is equal to such kind of a matrix as below:
=
`

o
11
o
12
o
1n
- o
11
- o
12
- o
1n
o
31
o
32
o
3n
. . .
o
n1
o
n2
o
nn /

==> = ==> = + ==> detB = detA