ELECTRICAL MACHINE

SEE 3433 TEST 2

Time: 1 hour

Q1. (a) Draw the schematic diagram of a shunt DC motor. Show and mark all the related
components. If the motor speed is achieved by the armature resistance control,
sketch the torque (T) speed (N) characteristics of the motor for several values of
the armature resistance.
(5 marks)
(b) Derive the speed () equation of the DC shunt motor in terms of the input armature
voltage V
a
, armature current I
a
, armature resistance R
a
, flux/pole and motor
constant K
m
.
(5 marks)
(c) The armature resistance of a 230 V DC shunt motor is 0.2 . It takes 15 A at rated
voltage and runs at 800 rpm. The motor speed control is achieved using the armature
resistance control. Calculate the value of additional armature resistance (Ra
ext
)
required in the armature circuit to reduce the speed to 600 rpm when the load torque
is independence of speed.
(5 marks)

Q2. A three phase, 415 V, 1400 rpm, 50 Hz, four pole, Y-connected squirrel cage induction
motor has the following per phase parameters:






R
1
=0.25
20 . 0
'
2
= R
50 =
m
X
X
1
=0.55
45 . 0
'
2
= X





The motor is connected to a three-phase 415 V, 50 Hz supply. The rotational losses are assumed
constant at 1500 watts whenever the motor rotates. Based on torque-speed characteristics of the
induction machine and the points on the graph, determines:
[You are recommended to use the approximate equivalent circuit, but you still can use others
without any penalty or fine incurred]
A
Speed
Torque B
C
D
T
L

T
m



(a) Exact and approximate equivalent circuit for an induction machine
( 2 marks)

(b) Line current and power factor of the motor at the point A. (5 marks)

(c) Input power and efficiency of the motor at the point C, where the point C is at the full-load
(rated load). (5 marks)

(d) Air gap power, developed torque and total losses of the motor at the point B. (5 marks)

(e) Explain what happens to the operation of the motor at the point D. (1.5 marks)

(f) Explain why in any equivalent circuits of transformer and induction machine, the value of
X
m
in transformer is always greater than the value of X
m
in induction machine.
(1.5 marks)



Potentially Used Formula

a a m
E I T P = =
) (
ae sr a a t a
R R R I V E + + =
m a sr a
I K E =
2
a sr
I K T =
sr
ae sr a
sr
t
m
K
R R R
T K
V + +
=
p
f
N
s
120
=
s
r s
N
N N
s

=
) 1 (
2 2
2
s
s
R
I T P
m m m
= =
s
R
I T P
s m ag
2 2
2
= =
s
R
X X s R R
V
T
s
m
2
2
2 1
2
2 1
2
1
) ( ) (
1
+ + +
=

2
2 1
2
2 1
2
max
) ( ) ( X X s R R
R
s
T
+ + +
=
Time: 1 hour 10 minutes
SOLUTION Test 2 201314

Q1. (a) Draw the schematic diagram of a shunt DC motor. Show and mark all the related
components. If the motor speed is achieved by the armature resistance control,
sketch the torque (T) speed (N) characteristics of the motor for several values of
the armature resistance.


(5 marks)
(b) Derive the speed () equation of the DC shunt motor in terms of the input armature
voltage V
a
, armature current I
a
, armature resistance R
a
, flux/pole and motor
constant K
m
.
(5 marks)




(c) The armature resistance of a 230 V DC shunt motor is 0.2 . It takes 15 A at rated
voltage and runs at 800 rpm. The motor speed control is achieved using the armature
resistance control. Calculate the value of additional armature resistance (Ra
ext
)
required in the armature circuit to reduce the speed to 600 rpm when the load torque
is independence of speed.
(5 marks)



=

= =
= + = + =
=
= = =
=
78 . 3
227
15 227
800
600
;
1
2
N1
N2
15Ra - 227 ) Ra (0. 15 - 230 ) Ra Ra ( Ia - Va Eb2
rpm 600 N2 At
V 227 15(0.2) - 230 IaRa - Va Eb1
rpm 800 N1
t ex ext ext
ext
ext
Ra
Ra
Eb
Eb
At



Q2. Induction Motor

a) Approximate equivalent circuit for an induction machine


b) Line current and power factor of the motor at the point A..
--- ie at starting point, s =1

V1 =415/3=240 V
Ns =1500

Line current,
lagging 0.238 lagging cos76.25 factor,
25 . 76 1 . 237 9 . 75 5 . 232 90 79 . 4
) 2 1 ( 1
o
1
2
1 1
2 1
=
< = < + < =
+ + +
+ = + =
power
I
X X j
s
R
R
V
jXm
V
I I I
o o o
m


c) Input power and efficiency of the motor at the point C, where the point C is at the full-
load (rated load).

===at point C, means at full load
Find slip at full load, 067 . 0
1500
1400 1500
=

=
Ns
Nr Ns
s
fL




lagging 21.58 cos factor,
58 . 21 3 . 76 12 . 18 65 . 74 90 79 . 4
) 2 1 ( 1
,
o
1
2
1 1
2 1
power
I
X X j
s
R
R
V
jXm
V
I I I current Input
o o o
FL
m
< = < + < =
+ + +
+ = + =

Input power, Pin =3VpIpcos=3(240)(76.3)cos21.58=50.98 kW

Rotational loss =1500 W
Air gap power, Pag = kW
s
R I
FL
15 . 50 3
2
2
2
=
Pmekanik=Pm=(1-s)Pag =46.81kW
Po =Pm Prot =46.81 kW- 1.5kW=45.31 kW

Efficiency =Po/Pin =45.31/50.98 =88.9 %

d) Air gap power, developed torque and total losses of the motor at the point B
At point B, Torque is maximum, so as for slip, s =sm



2
2 1
2
2 1
2
max
) ( ) ( X X s R R
R
s
T
+ + +
= =0.194
Find rotor current I2,



kW
s
R I
Pag power gap Air
X X j
s
R
R
V
I current
M
o
M
88 . 81 3 ,
8 . 42 73 . 162
) 2 1 ( 1
, Rotor
2
2
2
2
1
2
= =
< =
+ + +
=

Torque=Torque max = Nm
x
kW
s
P
ag
7 . 521
60
2
1500
88 . 81
= =

Total loss =Stator copper loss +Rotor copper loss +rotational loss
kW
S
R I
S
R I
m m
45 . 32 1500 3 3
1
2
2 1
2
2
= + +

e) At point D, s=0, T =0, no rotor current flows
f) Xm lower in machine because of the existing of the air gap. Higher current is needed to
establish flux in machine.