Enzymes The Necessary Special Protein

Name:___________________________________Date:_______________Per:_______
Enzymes are a special proteins that speed up the chemical reactions, like photosynthesis, in a cell.
Without enzymes, the chemical reactions that keep a cell alive could not happen fast enough. An enzyme has a
special groove, called an active site, that allows a substrate, a molecule that fits into the groove, to react more
quickly. Amylase, an enzyme, has an active site that only starch, its substrate, can fit into. When it encounters
amylase, starch is broken down into glucose. If the enzyme lost its coiled up shape, it wouldnt have an active
site and it couldnt break down starch.
our body has thousands of enzymes, each very vital to the chemical reactions of a cell. !emperature is
a very critical factor to the reactions that keep a cell alive, for if the temperature is too cold, then the chemicals
that need to bump into each other to react, move too slowly, and the chemical reactions dont occur fast enough.
If the temperature is too high, the enzymes, which are needed to speed up the reactions, become uncoiled and
dont work, a process called denaturing.
"nzymes also need to be in a specific p#, or else they may become denatured. !he pH scale measures
the concentration of #
$
ions in a solution. A p# of % & ' indicates a high number of #
$
ions, an acidic solution.
A p# of ( indicates a neutral solution. A p# of )*%+ indicates a low number of #
$
ions, a basic solution. ,ost
enzymes work best in a p# range of ' & ).
Matching
----- %. enzymes a. used to measure the #
$
----- .. active site b. a molecule that fits into the active site
----- /. substrate c. a special groove on an enzyme
----- +. amylase d. a molecule that is broken down by amylase
----- 0. starch e. the building blocks of starch
----- '. glucose f. the uncoiling of a protein
----- (. denaturing g. a protein that speeds up chemical reactions
----- ). p# scale h. an enzyme that breaks down starch
True or False
----- %. "nzymes are carbohydrates.
----- .. "nzymes are proteins.
----- /. "nzymes speed up chemical reactions in a cell.
----- +. !he groove on an enzyme is called a substrate.
----- 0. !he groove on an enzyme is called an active site.
----- '. Amylase is an enzyme that helps break protein into glucose.
----- (. 1tarch is the substrate that fits into the active site on an amylase molecule.
----- ). If amylase is denatured, it is uncoiled.
----- 2. If amylase is denatured, it can still break down starch.
-----%3. If amylase is denatured, it cannot break down starch.
Completing Sentences
enzyme chemical reactions active site
substrate amylase starch
glucose denatured
%. -------------------- is an enzyme that breaks down starch.
.. When starch attaches to the ----------------- of an amylase molecule, the starch is broken into
--------------.
/. !he ----------------- for amylase is starch.
+. An ---------------- is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in a cell.
0. If an amylase molecule becomes ------------------, it will not be able to break
----------- down into glucose.
'. !here are thousands of different enzymes that control the -----------------------
within a cell.
True or False
----- %. !emperature is very important to the cell.
----- .. #igh temperatures cause the reactions in a cell to slow down too much.
----- /. #igh temperatures cause the enzymes in a cell to become denatured.
----- +. 4ool temperatures do not affect the cell.
----- 0. 4ool temperatures make the chemical reactions to slow down too much.
----- '. !he p# scale measures the strength of an acid or a base.
----- (. An acid is indicated by a p# level between ) and %+.
----- ). An acid is indicated by a p# level between % and '.
----- 2. A neutral solution has a p# of %+.
----- %3. ,ost enzymes work best in a p# of % to /.
----- %%. ,ost enzymes work best in a p# of ' to ).
----- %.. An enzyme may become denatured if it is placed in an acid.
Completing Sentences Words may be used more than once.
p# scale high temperatures low temperatures
denatured uncoiled acid
base neutral
%. "nzymes are described as ------------------ if they become uncoiled.
.. "nzymes may be denatured if they are e5posed to ------- or ------------------.
/. !he ---------------- is used to measure how acidic or basic a solution is.
+. A solution that has a p# between % and ' is an --------.
0. A solution that has a p# of ( is --------------.
'. A solution that has a p# between ) and %+ is a -----------.
(. ----------------------- cause the molecules to move too slowly to allow
chemical reactions to happen fast enough.
Enzyme Short Anser
%. What does it mean to say a protein is denatured6
.. What are enzymes6
/. What is an active site6
+. What is a substrate6
0. What happens to a reaction if an enzyme is in a very cold solution6
'. What happens to a reaction if an enzyme is in a boiling solution6
(. What happens to a reaction if an enzyme is in a very low p#6