NAVAL ARCHITECTURE 1

Introduction
to
Ships, Cargoes, Organizations
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Why do we have ships?
For the carriage of cargo
safely
speedily
economically
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General Information about Ships
The seas occupy 70%
of the face of the earth
97% of world trade is
carried out by sea
Cargo carried:
30% crude oil
9% iron ore
8% coal
5% grain
8% oil products
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General Information about Ships
-continued
Average age of ships 18 years
Maximum age of ships 25-30 years
40 years of oil reserves remaining
70 years of natural gas reserves remaining
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What determines the
Design of a Ship?
Type of cargo
Type of construction and material used
Area of operation, e.g. worldwide
Maritime rules, either national or
international
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MPA
MPA is Maritime and Port Authority,
Singapore
It used to be called PSA, and has the
function to keep the port safe, sea-lanes free
and the waters pollution free
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IMO
IMO stands for International Maritime
Organisation
Member nations agree on standards and
measures to keep the marine environment
clean, seamen are trained and navigation is
safe
Member states (ports) can prosecute ships
which are deficient in standards
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What are some of the
IMO Standards/Rules?
Rules of the International Maritime
Organisation:
SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea)
MARPOL (Marine Pollution)
GMDSS (Global Marine Disaster Surveillance
System)
COLREG (Collision Regulations)
etc.
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Classification Societies
These are independent technical bodies
which ensure that ships are sea-worthy.
They can also perform ship inspections for
flag states.
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Classification Societies
Examples:
Lloyds Register of Shipping
American Bureau of Shipping
Bureau Veritas
Det Norske Veritas
Germanischer Lloyd
NKK
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Major Commercial Ship Types
General Cargo Ship
Container Ship
Tanker
Bulk Carrier
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Other Ship Types
Refrigerated cargo ship
LPG/LNG ship
Roll-on/Roll-off ship
Tug
Passenger liner
Oil rig
Offshore supply vessel
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The End