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- 9 -
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- 10 -
WKI: [HN FIN OKQINHFHF Y GbRTLIF: Y UIQIN KOHF E LHF ÎOIJTEOHF Y HUNHF E LE (MLIFTE:
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!L NIY "KTF PE [INGTGH: [KIF: LE "HQRENGZE [HN OH PERIN FIMKTGH OTOMKOE
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- 20 -
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- 21 -
]KIFI IOIQTMH FKYH Y LI WKTUEFI LH WKI *LIXEOGNH LI PERZE GEGH 8 [IOFc PEJINLH
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- 22 -
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- 24 -
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QIOUI PKQEOE: Y JHQH PEO FTGH TOF[TNEGHF [HN IL +IaHN: FINZE H]TJTH GI PHQRNI
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FI PT`H [ENE LE GI]IOFE GI 7INNENE4

#ENE JHOUIOIN EL [E[E: REFUEREO LHF OHRLIF
NHQEOHF: WKI: GT^TGTGHF IO GHF ]EJJTHOIF: LHF )NFTOT Y LHF 'HLHOOE: GTF[KUEREO
JHOUTOKEQIOUI Y EJKGZEO E LEF ENQEF E LE ^TFUE QTFQE GIL [HOUZ]TJI: JHO LH JKEL LE
+EOUE +IGI IFUERE FTIQ[NI GbRTL Y ÊJTLEOUI4 8 EKOWKI ELMKOE Î` FKNMTIFI KO [E[E
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FT: [HN IXIQ[LH: KO [E[E PERZE JEFT JHOFIMKTGH IdUINQTOEN E LHF 'HLHOOE: NIFKNMZEO
- 32 -
bFUHF REXH HUNH IOIQTMH GI LHF )NFTOT: E WKTIOIF UEQ[HJH PERZE UTIQ[H [ENE PEJIN
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GI FK QKINUI Y GI LE GIL GKWKI: ]KI PINIGINE GI FKF ]EUTMEF4 "H FKJIGTc IL [E[E
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OHRLIF NHQEOHF GTF[INFHF [HN LEF [INFIJKJTHOIF GI *LIXEOGNH: Y ERTINUH IL JEQTOH
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- 33 -

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IFUH: [KIF LE NKTOE EJUKEL GI (UELTE OH PE FTGH JEKFEGE FTOH [HN LE JHO]TEOÈ
GI[HFTUEGE GKNEOUI QKJPHF EaHF IO LEF UNH[EF QINJIOENTEF: WKI PTJTINHO EL
[NTOJT[TH: Y MNEJTEF E JTINUHF XI]IF: ELMKOHF [NHMNIFHF WKI LIF GTINHO ]EQE GI
RNEÊFB [INH WKI GIQHFUNENHO LH WKI ÊLZEO IO JKEOUH E[ENIJTINHO E LE ^TFUE
IXbNJTUHF IdUNEOXINHF4 0I UEL FKINUI WKI 'ENLHF: NIY GI 7NEOJTE: FI E[HGINc GI (UELTE
JHO KO UNH`H GI UTÈ4 8 LHF WKI E]TNQEO WKI LE JKL[E LE UIOZEO OKIFUNHF [IJEGHF:
GIJZEO LE ÎNGEG: EKOWKI OH FI UNEUERE GI LHF [IJEGHF WKI TQEMTOEREO: FTOH GI LHF
WKI PI Id[KIFUH4 8 JHQH IFUHF [IJEGHF LHF JHQIUTINHO LHF [NZOJT[IF: FHRNI ILLHF
NIJEYc IL JEFUTMH4
- 34 -
-KTINH GIXEN QIXHN GIQHFUNEGE LE TOI]TJEJTE GI IFUHF IXbNJTUHF4 "HF JE[TUEOIF
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JHOGTJTcO QHGIFUE: PERZE LLIMEGH E EGWKTNTN MNEO ]EQE4 * PERIN UHQEGH E #TFE: LHF
- 35 -
]LHNIOUTOHF FI PKRTIFIO ^TFUH HRLTMEGHF E FHFUIOINLH: [HNWKI IFUEREO [INGTGHF FT FI
[EFERE E LHF IOIQTMHF: Y FT PKRTINEO WKINTGH WKI FI WKIGENE: PERNZEO GIRTGH HRI
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JHO FIMKNTGEG Y MLHNTE QTIOUNEF PTJTINHO LE MKINNE JHO FKF [NH[THF FHLGEGHF: LH WKI
FKJIGTc EOUIF WKI UIOUENEO LE FKINUI IO UTINNE ]TNQI: JKEOGH JHOUEREO JHO OHRLIF Y
[LIRIYHF WKI GI]IOGZEO LH FKYHB

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UNH[EF4 8 IL NIFKLUEGH GI FK ^TNUKG LH PELLEQHF IO IFUH> WKI (UELTE ]KI NIJHNNTGE
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WKTUENLI TQ[HNUEOJTE E LE TO]EOUINZE4 8 LH PTJTINHO [HNWKI: OH [HFIYIOGH UTINNEF Y
- 36 -
UIOTIOGH WKI ^T^TN GI FK TOGKFUNTE: JHO [HJHF TO]EOUIF OH [HGZEO TQ[HOINFI Y LIF
INE TQ[HFTRLI ELTQIOUEN E QKJPHF: nQTIOUNEF WKI: JHO KO O\QINH NIGKJTGH GI
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- 37 -

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IFUNILLE PT`H FKNMTN KOE UINJINE JEKFE: WKI: GI LH JHOUNENTH: PKRTINE [EMEGH LEF
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[KFTINHO IO ]KME E LHF ÎOJIGHNIF: GI QHGH WKI OH WKIGc [NTFTHOINH GI LHF
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LHF WKI JHNNTINEO OKOJE IO OTOMKOE b[HJE4 !L IQ[INEGHN GI 'HOFUEOUTOH[LE: [ENE
EYKGEN E FKF ÎJTOHF: [KFH IO ?NIJTE GTI` QTL UKNJHF: LHF JKELIF: KOE Î` JHOJLKTGE
LE MKINNE: FI OIMENHO E ^HLÎN E FK [EUNTEB GI GHOGI IQ[I`c LE FIN^TGKQRNI GI
?NIJTE REXH IL YKMH GI LHF TO]TILIF4

+I JHOJLKYI GI IFUH WKI UHGH IL WKI OH WKTINE ÎOJIN OH UTIOI Q_F WKI
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IF TOQIGTEUEB QTIOUNEF WKI LEF QINJIOENTEF: [ENE FHQIUIN EL [NZOJT[I: KOE Î`: WKI
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[INXKGTJENLH4 !O FKQE: IO LEF UNH[EF QINJIOENTEF PEY WKI UIQIN FHRNI UHGH LEF
GINNHUEFB IO LEF EKdTLTENIF: LHF UNTKO]HF4
#HN ILLH: UHGH [NZOJT[I [NKGIOUI PE GIFIJPEGH IFUEF UNH[EF Y FI PE NI]KMTEGH
IO LEF [NH[TEF: Y PE [NI]INTGH [INGIN JHO LEF FKYEF E ÎOJIN JHO LEF HUNEF:
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JHOFTGINEOGH WKI OH IF ^TJUHNTE ÎNGEGINE LE WKI FI HRUTIOI JHO ENQEF EXIOEF4 &H
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GI LE TOKUTLTGEG GI LEF QTLTJTEF QINJIOENTEF: JKYHF XI]IF UIOZEO LHF QTFQHF GI]IJUHF
WKI OKIFUNHF TUELTEOHFB Y JHNOH OH JNIZE JHOÎOTIOUI JHOFINÊNLEF OT LTJIOJTENLEF:
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)]NIJTbOGHFI 0E^TG E +E\L [ENE JHQREUTN E ?HLTEU: [NH^HJEGHN ]TLTFUIH: +E\L: [ENE
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ENQENFI JHO FKF [NH[TEF ENQEF Y HNGIOc IO FK NITOH LE JNIEJTcO GI QTLTJTEF GI
JERELLINZE I TO]EOUINZE4 0IF[KbF: IL NIY "KTF: FK PTXH: GTFHL^Tc LHF GI TO]EOUINZE Y
IQ[I`c E UHQEN E FKILGH E FKT`HF: INNHN WKI NIOHÊGH [HN HUNHF: IF: JHQH EPHNE FI
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JERELLINZE GI LEF UNH[EF EXIOEF4 *JHFUKQRNEGE bFUE E TN E LE MKINNE IO JHQ[EaZE GI
LHF FKT`HF: OH JNII [HGIN ÎOJIN FTO ILLHF4 "H JKEL Id[LTJE WKI LHF ]NEOJIFIF OH
[KIGEO JHOUNE LHF FKT`HF: Y WKI FTO LHF FKT`HF OH FI EUNIÊO E IO]NIOUEN E HUNHF4 "HF
IXbNJTUHF GI 7NEOJTE FHO: [KIF: QTdUHF: GEGH WKI FI JHQ[HOIO GI UNH[EF
QINJIOENTEF Y [NH[ZEFB Y: IO FK JHOXKOUH: FHO QKJPH QIXHNIF WKI LEF QTLTJTEF
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[INF[TJEJTE GI LHF PHQRNIF PEJI WKI JHQTIOJIO ELMH WKI [ENIJI RKIOH [HN IL
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PIJPH GI WKI OH QEOT]TIFUE IL ÎOIOH WKI IFJHOGI GIREXH: JHQH PI GTJPH WKI
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JHOGTJTcO IF LE WKI IOFIaE E GEN JHO IL IOIQTMH: E UHQEN LHF ELHXEQTIOUHF: E
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[NTQIN JEFH GIRI FIN QIGTGHB IO IL HUNH: OH GIRI JKTGENFI GIL GIF[TL]ENNH4 #HNWKI
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JHOUNTRKJTHOIF: OIJIFTUE GI IFE IF[LIOGTGI` E JHFUE GI LHF IOIQTMHF: YE WKI GI HUNE
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- 46 -
[HNWKI IL EQHN IF KO ^ZOJKLH GI MNEUTUKG WKI LHF PHQRNIF: [INÎNFHF [HN
OEUKNELIÈ: NHQ[IO JEGE Î` WKI [KIGIO RIOI]TJTENFIB [INH IL UIQHN IF QTIGH EL
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[NZOJT[I [NKGIOUI GIRI E[HYENFI IO LH FKYH Y OH IO LH EXIOH: [INH: JHQH PI GTJPH:
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OT WKI PTJTINE UEOUHF XKNEQIOUHF FTO JKQ[LTN OTOMKOHB Y: FTO IQRENMH: LHF IOMEaHF
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- 52 -
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- 53 -
QKNTc EQEGH MNEJTEF E WKI LLIMc EL UNHOH [HN GINIJPH GI PINIOJTE: FTO GIRbNFILH EL
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GI QKJPHF EaHFB Y FT EL ]TO [INGTc ELMKOEF JTKGEGIF: JHOFIN^c: IO JEQRTH: IL NITOH4
#HN JHOFTMKTIOUI: IFUHF [NZOJT[IF OKIFUNHF WKI HJK[EREO IL [HGIN GIFGI
PEJZE QKJPHF EaHF OH EJKFIO E LE ]HNUKOE [HN PERINLH [INGTGH: FTOH E FK TOI[UTUKG4
'HQH IO b[HJEF GI [E` OKOJE [IOFENHO WKI [HGNZEO JEQRTEN LEF JHFEF SIF GI]IJUH
JHQ\O GI LHF PHQRNIF OH [NIHJK[ENFI [HN LE UIQ[IFUEG GKNEOUI LE RHOEOÈV:
JKEOGH FI [NIFIOUENHO UTIQ[HF EGÎNFHF: EUTOENHO E PKTN Y OH E GI]IOGINFI: Y
IF[INENHO WKI IL [KIRLH: JEOFEGH GI LHF KLUNEXIF GI LHF ÎOJIGHNIF: ^HL^TIFI E
LLEQENLHF4 #ENUTGH WKI IF RKIOH JKEOGH OH PEY HUNHFB [INH IFU_ QKY QEL GIXEN LHF
HUNHF [HN bFI: [KIF OH GIRIQHF GIXENOHF JEIN [HN IL FTQ[LI PIJPH GI JNIIN WKI
PERN_ ELMKTIO WKI OHF NIJHXE4 #HNWKI OH LH PEYB Y FT LH PEY Y EJKGI: OH IF [ENE
- 67 -
FELÊJTcO OKIFUNE: GEGH WKI LE GI]IOFE PE FTGH TOGTMOE Y OH PE GI[IOGTGH GI
OHFHUNHF4 8 LEF \OTJEF GI]IOFEF RKIOEF: FIMKNEF ^ GKNERLIF FHO LEF WKI GI[IOGIO
GI KOH QTFQH Y GI FKF ^TNUKGIF4
&H TMOHNH WKI QKJPHF JNIIO Y PEO JNIZGH WKI LEF JHFEF GIL QKOGH IFU_O
NIMTGEF [HN LE ]HNUKOE Y [HN 0THF GI UEL QHGH WKI LHF PHQRNIF Q_F [NKGIOUIF OH
[KIGIO QHGT]TJENZEFB Y: Q_F E\O: WKI OH UTIOIO NIQIGTH ELMKOH JHOUNE ILLEF4

0I LH
JKEL [HGNZEO GIGKJTN WKI OH ÊLI LE [IOE ]EUTMENFI QKJPH IO LEF JHFEF: Y WKI IF
QIXHN GIXENFI MHRINOEN [HN LE FKINUI4 !FUE H[TOTcO PE MHÈGH GI QEYHN JNbGTUH IO
OKIFUNHF UTIQ[HF [HN LHF JEQRTHF IdUNEHNGTOENTHF: ]KINE GI UHGE JHOXIUKNE PKQEOE:
WKI FI PEO ^TFUH Y FI ÎO UHGHF LHF GZEF4

8 YH: [IOFEOGH ELMKOE Î` IO ILLH: QI PI
FIOUTGH ELMH TOJLTOEGH E JHQ[ENUTN IL QTFQH [ENIJIN4 +TO IQRENMH: Y E ]TO GI WKI
OH FI GIFÊOI`JE OKIFUNH LTRNI ELRIGNZH: EJI[UH [HN JTINUH WKI LE ]HNUKOE FIE ;KI`
GI LE QTUEG GI OKIFUNEF EJJTHOIF [INH WKI OHF GIXE MHRINOEN LE HUNE QTUEG: H [HJH
QIOHF4 8 LE JHQ[ENH JHO KOH GI IFHF NZHF EOUTMKH WKI: JKEOGH FI IQRNEÎJIO:
TOKOGEO LEF LLEOKNEF: GINNTEREO LHF _NRHLIF Y LEF JEFEF Y ENNEFUNEO LE UTINNE GI KO
FTUTH [ENE LLIÊNLE E HUNHB UHGH IL QKOGH PKYI GILEOUI GI ILLHF: UHGH IL QKOGH JIGI
E FK ]KNHN4 8 EKOWKI IFUH FIE TOI^TUERLI: OH HRFUE [ENE WKI LHF PHQRNIF: IO LEF
b[HJEF IO WKI OH PEY OEGE WKI UIQIN: UHQIO FKF [NIJEKJTHOIF JHO GTWKIF Y
NI[ENHF: GI QEOINE WKI FT IL NZH JNIJI HUNE Î`: H UIOME WKI GIFLTÈNFI [HN KO JEOEL
H FK ]KINÈ OH FIE UEO GIFIO]NIOEGE OT UEO [INXKGTJTEL4 *FZ FKJIGI JHO LE ]HNUKOE
WKI FI QEOT]TIFUE JHO UHGH FK [HGIN ELLZ GHOGI OH PEY ^TNUKG [NI[ENEGE [ENE
NIFTFUTNLI Y GTNTMI FKF ZQ[IUKF ELLZ GHOGI FERI WKI OH FI PEO PIJPH GTWKIF OT
NI[ENHF [ENE JHOUIOINLE4 8 FT EPHNE JHOUIQ[LEQHF E (UELTE: UIEUNH Gb IFUHF JEQRTHF
Y [KOUH WKI LHF PE IOMIOGNEGH: ÎNIQHF WKI IF KOE LLEOKNE FTO GTWKIF OT NI[ENHF
GI OTOMKOE JLEFIB Y WKI FT PKRTIFI IFUEGH GI]IOGTGE [HN LE ^TNUKG OIJIFENTE: JHQH
LH IFU_O *LIQEOTE: !F[EaE Y 7NEOJTE: H IFUE TOKOGEJTcO OH PERNZE [NH^HJEGH LEF
MNEOGIF UNEOF]HNQEJTHOIF WKI PE [NH^HJEGH H OH FI PERNZE [NHGKJTGH4 8 WKI LH
GTJPH FIE FK]TJTIOUI FHRNI LE OIJIFTGEG MIOINEL GI H[HOINFI E LE ]HNUKOE4
#INH JTabOGHQI Q_F E LHF GIUELLIF QI [NIMKOUH [HN WKb KO [NZOJT[I WKI
PHY ^TÎ IO LE [NHF[INTGEG: QEaEOE FI IOJKIOUNE IO LE GIFMNEJTE: FTO WKI FI PEYE
H[INEGH OTOM\O JEQRTH IO FK JEN_JUIN OT IO FK JHOGKJUE4 * QT XKTJTH: IFUH FI GIRI:
IO [NTQIN LKMEN: E LEF NE`HOIF WKI Id[KFI JHO GIUIOTQTIOUH IO HUNE [ENUI: IF GIJTN:
E WKI IL [NZOJT[I WKI JHO]ZE JTIMEQIOUI IO LE ]HNUKOE [INIJI IO JKEOUH ILLE JEQRTE4
'NIH UEQRTbO WKI IF ]ILT` IL WKI JHOJTLTE FK QEOINE GI HRNEN JHO LE ZOGHLI GI LEF
JTNJKOFUEOJTEF: Y WKI GIL QTFQH QHGH IF GIFGTJPEGH IL WKI OH LHMNE ENQHOTÈN
KOE JHFE JHO LE HUNE4 #KIF FI Î WKI LHF PHQRNIF: [ENE LLIMEN EL ]TO WKI FI
[NH[HOIO: IFUH IF: E LE MLHNTE Y LEF NTWKIÈF: [NHJIGIO IO ]HNQE GTFUTOUE> KOH JHO
JEKUILE: IL HUNH JHO ZQ[IUKB KOH [HN LE ^THLIOJTE: IL HUNH [HN LE EFUKJTEB KOH JHO
[EJTIOJTE: IL HUNH JHO FK JHOUNENTHB Y UHGHF [KIGIO UNTKO]EN [HN QIGTHF UEO GTF[E
NIF4 +I HRFINÊ UEQRTbO WKI: GI GHF PHQRNIF JEKUHF: IL KOH JHOFTMKI FK [NH[cFTUH
- 68 -
Y IL HUNH OH: Y WKI UTIOIO TMKEL ]HNUKOE GHF WKI PEO FIMKTGH JEQTOHF IOJHOUNEGHF:
[NHJIGTIOGH IL KOH JHO JEKUILE Y IL HUNH JHO ZQ[IUK: LH JKEL OH FI GIRI FTOH E LE
ZOGHLI GI LEF JTNJKOFUEOJTEF: WKI JHOJTLTE H OH JHO LE ]HNQE GI JHQ[HNUENFI4 0I
EWKZ NIFKLUE LH WKI PI GTJPH> WKI GHF WKI EJU\EO GI GTFUTOUE QEOINE HRUTIOIO IL
QTFQH NIFKLUEGHB Y WKI GI GHF WKI EJU\EO GI TMKEL QEOINE: KOH ELJEOÈ FK HRXIUH
Y IL HUNH OH4 0I IFUH GI[IOGI EFTQTFQH IL bdTUH: [KIF FT LEF JTNJKOFUEOJTEF Y LHF
EJHOUIJTQTIOUHF FI [NIFIOUEO GI UEL QHGH WKI IL [NZOJT[I WKI IF JEKUH Y [EJTIOUI
FI Î ]E^HNIJTGH: FK MHRTINOH FIN_ RKIOH Y bL FIN_ ]ILT`B QEF FT JEQRTEO: IFU_
[INGTGH: [HNWKI OH JEQRTE EL QTFQH UTIQ[H FK [NHJIGIN4 #INH OH IdTFUI PHQRNI LH
FK]TJTIOUIQIOUI G\JUTL JHQH [ENE EGE[UENFI E UHGEF LEF JTNJKOFUEOJTEF: YE [HNWKI
OH [KIGI GIF^TENFI GI EWKILLH E LH WKI LE OEUKNELIÈ LH TOJLTOE: YE [HNWKI OH
[KIGI NIFTMOENFI E EREOGHOEN KO JEQTOH WKI FTIQ[NI LI PE FTGH [NcF[INH4

!L
PHQRNI JEKUH ]NEJEFE JEGE Î` WKI IF [NIJTFH FIN TQ[IUKHFH4 -KI FT JEQRTEFI GI
JHOGKJUE XKOUH JHO LEF JTNJKOFUEOJTEF: OH JEQRTENLE FK ]HNUKOE4
!L [E[E ;KLTH DD FI JHOGKXH TQ[IUKHFEQIOUI IO UHGEF FKF EJJTHOIF: Y LEF
JTNJKOFUEOJTEF FI [NIFIOUENHO UEO GI EJKINGH JHO FK QHGH GI HRNEN WKI FTIQ[NI
UK^H bdTUH4 'HOFTGbNIFI FK [NTQINE IQ[NIFE JHOUNE <HLHOTE: JKEOGH EKO ^T^ZE ;KEO
<IOUT^HMLTH4 "HF ÎOIJTEOHF LH ÎZEO JHO GIFEMNEGH: Y IL NIY GI !F[EaE GILTRINERE
JHO IL GI 7NEOJTE FHRNI LEF QIGTGEF [HN UHQENB [INH ;KLTH DD: LLIÊGH [HN FK ENGHN Y
FK ZQ[IUK: TOTJTc LE Id[IGTJTcO [HOTbOGHFI bL QTFQH EL ]NIOUI GI LEF UNH[EF4
+IQIXEOUI [EFH GIXc FKF[IOFHF E !F[EaE Y E LHF ÎOIJTEOHFB Y bFUHF [HN QTIGH: Y
EWKbLLE JHO LE IF[INEOÈ GI NIJHRNEN UHGH IL NITOH GI &_[HLIF: OH FI QH^TINHOB [HN
HUNE [ENUI: IL NIY GI 7NEOJTE FI [KFH GI FK LEGH: [KIF EL ÎN WKI ;KLTH DD PERZE
TOTJTEGH LE JEQ[EaE: Y JHQH WKINZE MEOENFI FK EQTFUEG [ENE PKQTLLEN E LHF
ÎOIJTEOHF XK`Mc OH [HGIN OIMENLI FKF UNH[EF FTO H]IOGINLH IO ]HNQE QEOT]TIFUE4
*FZ: [KIF: ;KLTH DD: JHO FK TQ[IUKHFH EUEWKI: PT`H LH WKI OTOM\O [HOUZ]TJI PKRTINE
LHMNEGH JHO UHGE LE [NKGIOJTE PKQEOEB [HNWKI FT bL PKRTINE IF[INEGH [ENE [ENUTN
GI $HQE E UIOIN UHGEF LEF [NIJEKJTHOIF UHQEGEF Y KLUTQEGHF UHGHF LHF GIUELLIF:
JHQH JKELWKTIN HUNH [HOUZ]TJI PKRTIFI PIJPH: XEQ_F PERNZE UNTKO]EGH: [HNWKI IL NIY
GI 7NEOJTE PKRTINE UIOTGH QTL [NIUIdUHF Y LHF HUNHF EQIOEÈGHF JHO QTL NI[NIFELTEF4

#NI]TINH [EFEN [HN ELUH FKF GIQ_F EJJTHOIF: UHGEF TMKELIF E EWKILLE Y UHGEF
[NIQTEGEF [HN IL bdTUH: [KIF LE RNIÎGEG GI FK ^TGE OH LI [INQTUTc JHOHJIN LH
JHOUNENTH4 -KI: E FHRNIÎOTN JTNJKOFUEOJTEF IO LEF WKI ]KINE [NIJTFH JHOGKJTNFI JHO
[NKGIOJTE: JHNNTINE E FK NKTOE: [KIF OKOJE FI PKRTIFI E[ENUEGH GI EWKIL QHGH GI
HRNEN EL JKEL LH TOJLTOERE FK OEUKNELIÈ4
+I JHOJLKYI IOUHOJIF WKI: JHQH LE ]HNUKOE ÊNZE Y LHF PHQRNIF FI HRFUTOEO
IO [NHJIGIN GI KO QTFQH QHGH: FIN_O ]ILTJIF QTIOUNEF ÊYEO GI EJKINGH JHO LE
FKINUI I TO]ILTJIF JKEOGH IFUbO GI GIFEJKINGH JHO ILLE4 +TO IQRENMH: JHOFTGINH WKI
IF [NI]INTRLI FIN TQ[IUKHFH Y OH JEKUH: [HNWKI LE ]HNUKOE IF QKXIN Y FI PEJI
[NIJTFH: FT FI LE WKTINI UIOIN FKQTFE: MHL[IENLE Y ÈPINTNLE4 8 FI Î WKI FI GIXE
- 69 -
GHQTOEN [HN bFUHF EOUIF WKI [HN LHF WKI EJU\EO JHO UTRTIÈ4 8: JHQH QKXIN: IF
EQTME GI LHF XcÎOIF: [HNWKI FHO QIOHF [NKGIOUIF Y Q_F ]HMHFHF Y FI TQ[HOIO
JHO Q_F EKGEJTE4
0IF[KbF GI QIGTUEN IO UHGH LH Id[KIFUH: QI [NIMKOUERE FT IO (UELTE: IO LE
EJUKELTGEG: LEF JTNJKOFUEOJTEF FHO [NH[TJTEF [ENE WKI KO OKI^H [NZOJT[I [KIGE
EGWKTNTN MLHNTE: Y FT FI IOJKIOUNE IO ILLE JKEOUH IF OIJIFENTH E KO PHQRNI [NKGIOUI
Y ^TNUKHFH [ENE TOFUEKNEN KOE OKIÊ ]HNQE GI MHRTINOH: [HN LE JKEL: PHON_OGHFI E
FZ QTFQH: PTJTINE LE ]ILTJTGEG GI LHF TUELTEOHF4 8 OH [KGI QIOHF WKI NIF[HOGINQI
WKI INEO UEOUEF LEF JTNJKOFUEOJTEF WKI JHOJKNNZEO IO ]E^HN GI KO [NZOJT[I OKI^H:
WKI GT]ZJTLQIOUI [HGNZE PELLENFI QHQIOUH Q_F EGIJKEGH4

8 FT: JHQH PI GTJPH: ]KI
[NIJTFH [ENE WKI ,HTFbF [KFTINE GI QEOT]TIFUH FKF ^TNUKGIF WKI IL [KIRLH GI (FNEIL
IFUK^TIFI IFJLE^TÈGH IO !MT[UH: Y [ENE JHOHJIN LE MNEOGIÈ GI 'TNH WKI LHF [INFEF
]KIFIO H[NTQTGHF [HN LHF QIGEF: Y LE IdJILIOJTE GI 2IFIH WKI LHF EUIOTIOFIF FI
GTF[INFENEO: GIL QTFQH QHGH: [ENE JHOHJIN LE ^TNUKG GI KO IF[ZNTUK TUELTEOH: INE
OIJIFENTH WKI (UELTE FI ^TIFI LLIÊGE EL IdUNIQH IO WKI YEJI PHY: Y WKI IFUK^TIFI
Q_F IFJLE^TÈGE WKI LHF PIRNIHF: Q_F H[NTQTGE WKI LHF [INFEF Y Q_F
GIFHNMEOTÈGE WKI LHF EUIOTIOFIFB WKI JENIJTINE GI XI]I Y GI LIYIF: WKI FI ^TINE
JEFUTMEGE: GIF[HXEGE: IFJENOIJTGE I TOÊGTGE: Y WKI FH[HNUENE UHGE JLEFI GI
ÎXEJTHOIF4 8 EKOWKI PEFUE EPHNE FI PEYE OHUEGH IO IFUI H IO EWKIL PHQRNI ELM\O
GIFUILLH GI MIOTH JHQH [ENE JNIIN WKI PERZE FTGH IO^TEGH [HN 0THF [ENE NIGTQTN
IFUEF UTINNEF OH UENGc IO EGÎNUTNFI WKI LE ]HNUKOE LH EREOGHOERE IO LH Q_F ELUH GI
FK JENNINE4 0I QHGH WKI: JEFT FTO KO FH[LH GI ^TGE: IF[INE (UELTE EL WKI GIRI JKNENLE
GI FKF PINTGEF: [HOIN ]TO E LHF FEWKIHF GI "HQRENGZE Y E LEF JHOUNTRKJTHOIF GIL
$IEQI Y GI 2HFJEOE Y JEKUINTÈN FKF LLEMEF GIFGI UEOUH UTIQ[H MEOMNIOEGEF4
/IGLE JcQH NKIME E 0THF WKI LI IO^ZI E ELMKTIO WKI LE NIGTQE GI IFE
JNKILGEG I TOFHLIOJTE GI LHF R_NRENHF4 /IGLE [NHOUE Y GTF[KIFUE E FIMKTN KOE
REOGINE QTIOUNEF PEYE WKTIO LE IQ[KaI4 8 OH FI Î IO LE EJUKELTGEG IO WKTIO KOH
[KIGE: JHO]TEN Q_F WKI IO ^KIFUNE TLKFUNI JEFE: [ENE WKI JHO FK ]HNUKOE Y ^TNUKG:
[NI]INTGE GI 0THF Y GI LE (MLIFTE: GI LE JKEL IF EPHNE [NZOJT[I: [KIGE PEJINFI XI]I GI
IFUE NIGIOJTcO4 8 IFUH OH HF [ENIJIN_ GT]ZJTL FT UIObTF [NIFIOUIF LE ^TGE Y EJJTHOIF GI
LHF [NZOJT[IF QIOJTHOEGHF4 8 EKOWKI EWKbLLHF ]KINHO PHQRNIF NENHF Y
QENE^TLLHFHF: OH GIXENHO GI FIN PHQRNIFB Y OH UK^H OTOMKOH HJEFTcO UEO ]E^HNERLI
JHQH LE [NIFIOUIB [HNWKI FKF IQ[NIFEF OH ]KINHO Q_F XKFUEF OT Q_F ]_JTLIF WKI
bFUE: OT 0THF LIF ]KI Q_F RIOTMOH GI LH WKI LH IF JHO ^HF4 -KI IF XKFUTJTE MNEOGI>
-%#1%3 &)-3 &#1 :&00%3 $%-:%# )&*&##(,-%34 &1 .-( (,3( %:- )%00( )-#- -) (,3-# #.&# &#1<
*WKZ PEY GTF[HFTJTcO ]E^HNERLIB Y GHOGI PEY GTF[HFTJTcO ]E^HNERLI OH [KIGI PERIN
MNEOGIF GT]TJKLUEGIF: Y FcLH ]ELUE WKI ^KIFUNE JEFE FI TOF[TNI IO LHF IXIQ[LHF GI LHF
PHQRNIF WKI PI [NH[KIFUH [HN QHGILHF4 *GIQ_F: FI ÎO EWKZ EJHOUIJTQTIOUHF
IdUNEHNGTOENTHF: FTO [NIJIGIOUIF: IXIJKUEGHF [HN ^HLKOUEG GT^TOE> LEF EMKEF GIL QEN
FI PEO FI[ENEGH: KOE OKRI HF PE QHFUNEGH IL JEQTOH: PE RNHUEGH EMKE GI LE [TIGNE
- 70 -
Y PE LLH^TGH QEO_B UHGH JHOJKNNI E ^KIFUNH IOMNEOGIJTQTIOUH4 * ^HF HF UHJE LH
GIQ_F 0THF OH WKTINI PEJINLH UHGH [ENE OH WKTUENOHF IL LTRNI ELRIGNZH OT LE [ENUI GI
MLHNTE WKI OHF JHNNIF[HOGI4
&H IF EFHQRNHFH WKI OTOMKOH GI LHF TUELTEOHF E WKTIOIF PI JTUEGH PEYE
[HGTGH PEJIN LH WKI IF GI IF[INEN WKI PEME ^KIFUNE TLKFUNI JEFE: OT IF IdUNEaH WKI
GIF[KbF GI UEOUEF NI^HLKJTHOIF Y NI^KILUEF MKINNINEF [ENI`JE IdUTOMKTGH IL ÊLHN
QTLTUEN GI OKIFUNHF JHQ[EUNTHUEF4 #INH FI GIRI E WKI LE EOUTMKE HNMEOTÈJTcO
QTLTUEN OH INE RKIOE Y E WKI OEGTI PE FERTGH QHGT]TJENLE4 &EGE PHONE UEOUH E KO
PHQRNI WKI FI EJERE GI ILIÊN EL [HGIN JHQH LEF OKIÊF LIYIF Y LEF OKIÊF
TOFUTUKJTHOIF TGIEGEF [HN bL: WKI FT IFU_O RTIO JTQIOUEGEF Y LLIÊO ELMH MNEOGI IO FZ
QTFQEF: LH PEJIO GTMOH GI NIF[IUH Y EGQTNENHO4 ! (UELTE OH JENIJI GI ENJTLLE
QHGILERLI4 -KI FT ]ELUE ÊLHN IO LHF XI]IF: FcRNELIF E LHF FHLGEGHF4 7TXEHF IO LHF
GKILHF Y IO LEF NTaEF: Y EGÎNUTG JK_O FK[INTHNIF FHO LHF TUELTEOHF IO ]KINÈ:
GIFUNIÈ Y EFUKJTE4 #INH IO LEF REUELLEF: Y [HN JKL[E IdJLKFTÊ GI LE GIRTLTGEG GI LHF
XI]IF: FK [E[IL OH IF OEGE RNTLLEOUIB [HNWKI LHF JE[EJIF OH FHO HRIGIJTGHFB Y UHGHF
FI JNIIO JE[EJIF: [INH PEFUE EPHNE OH PKRH OEGTI WKI FK[TIFI TQ[HOINFI [HN FK
ÊLHN Y FK ]HNUKOE: Y WKI PTJTIFI JIGIN E LHF GIQ_F4 * IFUH PEY WKI EUNTRKTN IL WKI:
IO UEOUEF MKINNEF PERTGEF GKNEOUI LHF \LUTQHF ÎTOUI EaHF: LHF IXbNJTUHF TUELTEOHF
FTIQ[NI PEYEO ]NEJEFEGH: JHQH LH GIQKIFUNE 2ENH: *LIXEOGNZE: 'E[KE: ?bOHÊ:
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LTRINUENHO E FKF [EZFIF: IF [NIJTFH: EOUI UHGH: Y JHQH [NI[ENEUT^H TOGTF[IOFERLI E
UHGE IQ[NIFE: WKI FI NHGII GI ENQEF [NH[TEFB [HNWKI OH [KIGI PERIN FHLGEGHF
Q_F ]TILIF: FTOJINHF Y QIXHNIF WKI LHF GI KOH4 8 FT JEGE KOH GI ILLHF IF RKIOH: UHGHF
XKOUHF: JKEOGH ÎEO WKI WKTIO LHF GTNTMI: LHF PHONE Y LHF UNEUE [EUINOELQIOUI IF KO
[NZOJT[I IO [INFHOE: FIN_O QIXHNIF4 !F: [KIF: OIJIFENTH HNMEOTÈN IFUEF UNH[EF [ENE
GI]IOGINFI: JHO IL ÊLHN TUELTEOH: GI LHF IdUNEOXINHF4 8 EKOWKI LEF TO]EOUINZEF FKTÈ
Y IF[EaHLE UTIOIO ]EQE GI UIQTRLIF: EQREF EGHLIJIO GI GI]IJUHF: GI QEOINE WKI KO
UINJIN HNGIO [HGNZE OH FcLH JHOUIOINLEF: FTOH ÎOJINLEF4 #HNWKI LHF IF[EaHLIF OH
NIFTFUIO E LE JERELLINZE: Y LHF FKT`HF UTIOIO QTIGH GI LE TO]EOUINZE WKI FI QKIFUNE UEO
[HN]TEGE JHQH ILLHF IO LE REUELLE4 0I EWKZ WKI FI PEYE ^TFUH Y ^HLÎN_ E ÎNFI WKI
LHF IF[EaHLIF OH [KIGIO PEJIN ]NIOUI E LE JERELLINZE ]NEOJIFE: Y WKI LHF FKT`HF FI
GIFQHNHOEO EOUI LE TO]EOUINZE IF[EaHLE4 8 [HN Q_F WKI GI IFUH \LUTQH OH UIOMEQHF
KOE [NKIRE GI]TOTUTÊ: [HGIQHF GENOHF KOE TGIE [HN LH FKJIGTGH IO LE REUELLE GI
$EÎOE: GHOGI LE TO]EOUINZE IF[EaHLE GTH LE JENE E LHF REUELLHOIF ELIQEOIF: WKI
FTMKIO LE QTFQE U_JUTJE WKI LHF FKT`HFB [KIF LHF IF[EaHLIF: _MTLIF GI JKIN[H: JHO LE
EYKGE GI FKF RNHWKILIF PERZEO [IOIUNEGH [HN IOUNI LEF [TJEF GI LHF ELIQEOIF Y LHF
EJKJPTLLEREO FTO NTIFMH Y FTO WKI bFUHF UK^TIFIO GI]IOFE: Y E OH PERIN IQRIFUTGH LE
JERELLINZE: OH PKRTIFI WKIGEGH ELIQ_O JHO ^TGE4 #HN LH UEOUH: JHOHJTIOGH LHF
GI]IJUHF GI KOE Y HUNE TO]EOUINZE: IF [HFTRLI JNIEN KOE UINJINE WKI NIFTFUE E LE
- 71 -
JERELLINZE Y E LE WKI OH EFKFUIO LHF FHLGEGHF GI E [TI: LH JKEL [KIGI JHOFIMKTNFI
JHO OKIÊF ENQEF Y OKIÊ GTF[HFTJTcO GI LHF JHQREUTIOUIF4 8 OH PE GI HL^TGENFI
WKI FHO IFUEF JHFEF LEF WKI GEO EKUHNTGEG Y MLHNTE E KO [NZOJT[I OKI^H4
&H FI GIRI: [KIF: GIXEN [EFEN IFUE HJEFTcO [ENE WKI (UELTE: GIF[KbF GI UEOUH
UTIQ[H: ÎE [HN ]TO E FK NIGIOUHN4 &H [KIGH Id[NIFEN JHO JK_OUH EQHN: JHO JK_OUE
FIG GI ÎOMEOÈ: JHO JK_OUE HRFUTOEGE ]I: JHO JK_OUE UINOKNE: JHO JK_OUEF
L_MNTQEF: FINZE NIJTRTGH IO UHGEF LEF [NH^TOJTEF WKI PEO FK]NTGH IL ELK^TcO GI LHF
IdUNEOXINHF4 o-Kb [KINUEF FI LI JINNENZEOp o-Kb [KIRLHF OIMENZEOLI HRIGTIOJTEp
o-Kb IO^TGTEF FI LI H[HOGNZEOp o-Kb TUELTEOH LI NIPKFENZE FK PHQIOEXIpst * UHGHF
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El Príncipe de Maquiavelo

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El Príncipe de Maquiavelo

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