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4 +
3
x
2 = 1
4
x
+
12
x
+
6
x
= 1
x = 22 hours
MODERATE-7
17. If there are 250 typographical errors randomly distributed
in a 1000-page manuscript, find the probability that any
given page has exactly 2 errors.
Answer: 0.024
Solution:
The average number of errors per page is :
=
250
1000
= 0.25%
Using Poissons probability formula:
P =
r
e
r!
P =
0.25 ( )
2
e
0.25
2!
P = 0.024
3210
2 1605
3
535
5
107
MODERATE-8: (Objective) 30 seconds
18. It is the solid generated when an ellipse is revolved
about its major axis.
Answer: Prolate Spheroid
MODERATE-9
19. A parabolic arc over a tunnel for a road through a
mountain is 27 ft high. The width of the arc 12 feet from
the top is 56 feet. How wide is the road at the bottom?
Answer: 84 feet
Solution:
Using the Squared Property of Parabola:
2
x 27
28 12
x 42
| |
=
|
\ .
=
Thus, the width at the bottom is:
( )
w 2x
2 42
84 ft.
=
=
=
MODERATE-10: (Objective) 30 seconds
20. It is a theorem that states that if a cyclic quadrilateral is
orthodiagonal, then the perpendicular to a side from the
point of intersection of the diagonals always bisects the
opposite side.
Answer: Brahmagupta's theorem
End of Moderate ROUND
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DIFFICULT ROUND
DIFFICULT-1
21. Find the area of the smaller triangle ABC, that can be
form, given b = 28.6, c = 44.3, and B = 23.3.
Answer: 159 square units
Source: Schaums Trigonometry, pp. 135
DIFFICULT-2: (Objective)-30 seconds
It is a line that passes through the centroid,
circumcenter, orthocenter, and the center of a nine-
point circle of a triangle.
Answer: Eulers line
DIFFICULT-3
22. Concentric circles of radius 2 and 5 are drawn on a
circular target of radius 7 with a prize of 100, 75, and 50
if a player hits the inner circular area, the middle annular
section and the outer annular section, respectively. What
is the fair price to pay for this game?
Answer: 65
Solution:
Solving for the probability of hitting each section:
P
inner circle
=
p (2)
2
p (7)
2
=
4
49
P
inner annulus
=
p (5)
2
p (2)
2
p (7)
2
=
21
49
P
outer annulus
=
p (7)
2
p (5)
2
p (7)
2
=
24
49
Solving for the mathematical expectation (the fair price
to pay) for the game:
E=
4
49
100
( )
+
21
49
75
( )
+
24
49
50
( )
E= 65
DIFFICULT-4: (Objective)-30 seconds
23. Every even integer greater than 2 can be written as the
sum of two primes. This known as
Answer: Goldbachs conjecture
DIFFICULT-5
24. A delegation of 4 students is selected each year from a
college to represent the annual CESAFI Quiz Show. In
how many ways can the delegation be chosen from 12
eligible students if two of the students will not join
together?
Answer: 450 ways
Solution:
Let A and B denote the students who will not join
together.
Horizon
If neither A nor B is included, then the delegation can be
chosen in
10C4 = 210 ways
If either A or B, but not both, is included, then the
delegation can be chosen in
( )
3
2 10C
240 ways
=
=
Thus, altogether, the delegation can be chosen in
210 + 240 = 450 ways
DIFFICULT-4: (Objective)-30 seconds
25. It is a plane curve traced by a fixed point on a circle as it
rolls along the inside of a fixed circle.
Answer: hypocycloid
DIFFICULT-6
26. A satellite orbits the earth at a constant height above the
surface of the earth equal to twice the radius of the
earth. A man observes that the satellite appears above
the horizon every two hours and passes directly
overhead. For how many minutes is the satellite above
the horizon?
Answer: 47.02 minutes
Solution:
R
cos
3R
70.53
u =
u =
From the figure, the time that the satellite appeared
above the horizon is the same time it took the satellite to
travel from point A to B with arc AB subtending an angle
of 2.
With 2=141.06, solve tAB:
AB
2hrs 60min.
t 141.06 47.02 minutes
360 hr
| |
= =
|
\ .
DIFFICULT-4: (Objective)-30 seconds
27. The ______are spherical triangles that, by repeated
reflection in their indices lead to a set of congruent spherical
triangles covering the sphere a finite number of times
Answer: Schwarz triangles
DIFFICULT-7
28. A cylindrical glass 5 inches in diameter and 8 inches in
altitude is filled with ice tea. It is then tilted to a position
enough for the ice tea level to coincide with the center of
the base. How much ice tea is drained from the glass?
Answer: 123.75 in
3
Solution:
Using Prismoidal Formula:
( )
( ) ( )
left 1 2 m
m
m
h
V A A 4A
6
1
A 2.5 8
2
A 10
= + +
=
=
Substitute:
( )
left
left
5
V 0 0 4 10
6
V 33.33
( = + +
=
Thus, volume drained is:
( )
drained original left
2
3
V V V
2.5 8 33.33
123.75 in
=
= t
=
DIFFICULT-8
29. A pair of dice is rolled 10 times. What is the probability of
getting 3 rolls of 8, 2 rolls of 7, and 5 rolls of any other
sums?
Answer: 0.0303
Solution: (Using multinomial probability formula)
DIFFICULT-4: (Objective)-30 seconds
30. It is a number that is equal to 1 followed by a googol of
zeros.
Answer: Googolplex
DIFFICULT-9
31. A sector is bent to form a cone. If the angle of the sector
is 30 degrees and the radius is 6 cm. what is the altitude
of the cone?
Answer: 5.98 cm
Solution:
Let:
s length of the arc
circumference of the base of the cone
=
=
s r
30
s 6
180
s
= u
t
=
= t
Solving for x:
s 2 x
2 x
1
x
2
= t
t = t
=
Thus,
P =
10!
3!2!5!
5
36
3
1
6
2
25
36
5
P = 0.0303
A B
6
x
( ) ( )
2 2
h 6 .5
h 5.98
=
=
DIFFICULT-10
32. Compute the sum of the 4-digit numbers which can be
formed with the four digits 2,3,5,8 if each digit is used
only once in each arrangement.
Answer: 119,988
Solution:
Total number of 4-digit number which can be formed
from the digits 2, 3, 5, 8 is:
4 3 2 1 24 (4 digit numbers) =
Note that each of the digits 2, 3, 5, and 8 will appear
24/4=6 times in the thousands, hundreds, tens, and unit
s digit, respectively.
Thus, the sum is:
( ) S 6 18 1000 6(18)100 6(18)10 6(18)1
S 119,988
= + + +
=
END OF DIFFICULT ROUND
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
33. Find the approximate volume of a sphere inscribed in a
regular icosahedron with sides equal to 10 cm.
Answer: 1838.78
Solution:
( )
( )
3
3
r 0.76a
r 0.76 10
r 7.6
4
V r
3
4
V 7.6
3
V 1838.78
=
=
=
= t
= t
=
DIFFICULT-4
34. A wall is 15 ft high and 10 ft from a building. Find the
length of the shortest ladder which will just touch the top
of the wall and reach a window 20.5 ft above the ground.
Solution:
By ratio and proportion:
15 20.5
x x 10
15x 150 20.5x
5.5x 150
x 27.27
=
+
+ =
=
=
By Pythagorean Theorem:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2
L x 10 20.5
L 37.27 20.5
L 45.54 m
= + +
= +
=
15
10
L
x
20.5
A
B
C
D
35. Manny Pacquio and Juan Manuel Marquez fought 4
times of which 1 ended in a draw. If they agree to have 3
more fights, find the probability of having 2 fights in a
draw.
Solution:
On the basis of their last 4 fights:
Using repeated trials probability:
n = 3
r = 2
p = 1/4 (draw)
q=3/4 (non-draw)
P
2 draws
= 3C
2
1
4
2
3
4
= 0.141
Answer: 0.141
1. Find the value of x which will satisfy the following
expression
A. 3/2
B. 9/4
C. 9/2
D. no solution *
36. The equation ( ) ( )
2
2k 2 x 4 4k x k 2 0 + + + = has roots,
which are reciprocals of each other. Find the value of k.
Solution:
If the roots of a given quadratic equation are reciprocals
of each other, then, the product of the roots C/A must be
1
.
k 2
1
2k 2
k 4
=
+
=
MODERATE
37. Find the equation whose roots are numerically equal but
opposite in sign to the roots of the equation
x
3
+7x
2
+11x+5=0.
Solution:
To obtain an equation each of whose roots are
numerically equal but opposite in signs, just replace x by
(-x) and simplify.
Given:
3 2
x 7x 11x 5 0 + + + =
Let, x x =
Substitute, and then simplify:
( ) ( ) ( )
required equation
3 2
3
3 2
x 7 x 11 x 5 0
x 7x 11x 5 0
x 7x 11x 5 0
+ + + =
+ + =
+ =
MODERATE
1. Coin Problem in Diophantine
Equation
1. Ming has 15 quarters, 30 dimes and 48
nickels. He wants to group his money so that
each group has the same number of each
coin. How much money will each group be
worth?
Answer: 3.05$
2. In what quadrants may an angle u terminate
if secu and cscu are opposite in sign?
Answer: Quadrants II and IV
3. Considering the earth as a sphere of radius
3960 mi, find the radius r of the 40th
parallel of latitude. Express your answer to
three significant digits.
Answer: 3030
P
draw
=
1
4
x - 2 x 2 = +
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
Source: Schaums Trigonometry, pp. 47
4. An organization has 25 members, 4 of
whom are doctors. In how many ways can
a committee
of 3 members be selected so as to include
at least 1 doctor?
Answer: 970 ways
5. A box contains black chips and red chips.
A person draws two chips without
replacement. If the probability of selecting
a black chip and a red chip is 15/56 and the
probability of drawing a black chip on the
first draw is 3/4, what is the probability of
drawing a red chip on the second draw,
given that a black was drawn on the first
draw?
Answer: 5/14
6. The probability that A can solve a
given problem is 4/5, that B can solve
it is 2/3, and that C can solve it is 3/7.
If all three try, what is the probability
it was A who solved the problem
given that the problem was solved?
Answer: 84/101
2. The ratio of three numbers is 2:5:7. If 7 is subtracted
from the second, the resulting numbers form an
arithmetic progression. Determine the smallest of the
three numbers.
Solution:
Let:
2x, 5x, 7x be the original numbers, 2x being the smallest.
( ) ( ) 5x 7 2x 7x 5x 7
x 14
=
=
The smallest number is:
( ) 2x 2 14
28
=
=
3. A rubber ball is made to fall from a height of 50 ft. and is
observed to rebound 2/3 of the distance it falls. How far
will the ball travel before coming to rest if the ball
continues to fall in this manner?
Solution:
This is a problem in infinite geometric progression with
common ratio r = 2/3 and first term a1= (2/3) 50.
Total distance travelled by the ball until it stops:
o o
S H h h H 2h
+ | + + |
= + + = +
Thus,
( )
( )
1
a
S 50 2
1 r
2
50
3
S 50 2
2
1
3
S 50 2 100
S 250 ft.
| |
= +
|
\ .
| |
|
= + |
|
|
\ .
= +
=
1. A girl has 7 flowers, each of a different variety. How
many different bouquets can she form?
Solution:
Let:
N= no. ways
N= 7C
1
+ 7C
2
+ 7C
3
+ 7C
4
+ 7C
5
+ 7C
6
+ 7C
7
=127
Alternate Solution:
n
7
N 2 1
2 1
127 ways
=
=
=
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
2. In how many ways can three light bulbs be chosen from
15 bulbs of which 5 are defective so that exactly 1 is
defective?
Solution:
The number of ways to chose 2 bulbs in good condition
is:
2
10C =
The number of ways to chose one defective bulb is:
1
5C =
Thus, the total number of ways to chose 3 bulbs of which
one is defective s:
( ) ( )
2 1
10C 5C
225 ways
=
=
1. A dart is thrown at a15 inches square board containing a
circle of radius 2 inches. Assuming that the dart hits the
board, and that it is equally likely to land on any point on
the board, what is the probability that the dart hits the
circle?
Solution:
Using probability formula for geometric region:
Given log 2=x, log 3=y, find log 1.2 in terms of x and y.
Solution:
Given: log2 x log3 y = =
Express 1.2 as a ratio, and apply properties of logarithm:
( ) ( )
2
12
log1.2 log
10
log1.2 log 4 3 log10
log1.2 log2 log3 log10
log1.2 2log2 log3 1
log1.2 2x y 1
=
=
= +
= +
= +
Find the radius of a circle inscribed in a rhombus whose
perimeter is 100 inches and whose longer diagonal is 40
inches.
Solution:
From the figure:
Solving for angle :
20
cos
25
36.87
u =
u =
Solving for r:
r
sin
20
r 20sin
r 20sin36.87 12
u =
= u
= =
A semi - circle of radius 14 cm is bent to form a rectangle
whose length is 1 cm more than its width. Find the area
of the rectangle.
Solution:
The perimeter of the semi-circle is equal to the perimeter
of the rectangle:
( )
( ) ( )
P P
r 2r 2x 2 x 1
14 2 14 4x 2
x 17.5 width
x 1 17.5 1
18.5 length
=
t + = + +
t + = +
=
+ = +
=
s-circle rec
Solving for the area of the rectangle:
2
Area Circle (2)
P
Area Square (15)
P 0.056
t
= =
=
20
25
r
14
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
( )
( ) ( )
A x x 1
A 17.5 18.5
A 323.75 sq.cm.
= +
=
=
Two squares each of 12 cm sides overlap each other such
that the overlapping region is a regular octagon.
Determine the area of the overlapping region thus
formed.
Solution:
12 2x 2x
3.414x 12
x 3.515
2x 4.971
=
=
=
=
Thus, the area of the region is:
( ) ( ) ( )
triangle
2
A 8A
1
A 4.971 6 8
2
A 119.3 cm
=
=
=
Two circles of different radii are concentric. If the length of
the chord of the bigger circle that is tangent to the
smaller circle is 50 cm, calculate the area of the annular
section bounded by the two circles.
Solution:
The area bounded is:
( )
2 2
2 2
A R r
A R r
= t t
= t
By Pythagorean Theorem:
( )
2
2 2
2 2
R r 25
R r 625
= +
=
Substitute equation to :
( )
( )
2 2
2
A R r
625
625 cm
= t
= t
= t
MODERATE
52. A trapezoids bases are 14 cm and 28 cm. What is
the length of its median?
a. 18 cm b. 21 cm* c. 24cm d. not enough
information
56. Which quadrilaterals diagonals are
perpendicular to each other and bisect the
figures opposite angles? a. trapezoid b.
rectangle c. rhombus *d. parallelogram
x x
x
x
12-x
6