DRUG

NAME
CLASSIFICATION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic
Name:
:rifampicin
Brand
Name:
Crisarfam
Anti-Infectives Maintenance
phase of treatment
of all forms
of pulmonary and
extra-pulmonary
TB; prev.
of meningococcal
meningitis
Jaundice associated with
reduced bilirubin exretion;
1St trimester of pregnancy;
premature and newborn
infants. Drug-induced
liver disease, impaired liver
function

GI disturbances,
N/V, diarrhea and
anorexia. SOB,
shock. GI bleeding,
erosive gastritis,
ulcerative colitis,
Liver and kidney
dysfunction,
gastritis
P e r f o r m mycob
acterial studies and
susceptibility. Assess lung
sounds and character and
amount of sputum
periodically. Monitor patient
compliance with treatment
regimen. Do not take any
medication during therapy
w/o consulting physician.
Take rifampin on an empty
stomach, 1 hour or after
meals. This medication will
discolor urine, stool, saliva,
tears, sweat, and other body
fluid a red-brown color.-
Source: PPDs Nursing Drug
Guide, 2007 Edition, page
166

Generic
Name:
isoniazid

Brand
Name:
Norvit
Anti-Infectives Pulmonary and
extra pulmonary
tuberculosis (TB)
Should not be given to
patients with drug induced
liver disease
Various skin
eruptions, fever
,lymphadenopathy,
and vasculitis,
hypersensitivity,
N/V, GIdisturbances,
liver dysfunction
Assess laboratory exams.
Monitor liver/renal function.
Instruct pt that compliance
with dosage schedule
for duration is necessary to
gain benefits. Caution pt in
alcohol while in therapy may
increase risk of liver damage.
Tell pt to report peripheral
neuritis
Generic
Name:
pyrazinamid
e
Anti-Infectives Treatment
of active
tuberculosis in
adults and
Acute-liver disease,
porphyria, peripheral
neuritis, acute gout,
hypersensitivity and
Dose-related
hepatoxicity, N/V,
anorexia,
thrombocytopenia,
Assess pt condition before
therapy and regularly
thereafter to monitor drug
effectiveness. Monitor serum

Brand
Name:
Mycobak






selected children pregnancy increased serum
iron concentration
and adverse effects
on blood clotting
mechanisms
uric acid which may be
elevated and cause gout
symptoms. Regularly assess
for hepa toxicity. Regularly
assess renal status. Instruct
patient to take drug
continuously as prescribed.
Remind patient to comply
with follow-up schedule.
Generic
Name:
ethambutol
Brand
Name:
Odetol
Anti-Infectives Ethambutol
isused with
other anti
tuberculous drugs
in the primary
treatment of
pulmonary and
extra pulmonary
tuberculosis to
suppress
emergence
of resistance to
the other drugs
used in the
regimens
Patients with optic neuritis.
Should generally not be used
in children below 6 yrs
of age
Retro
bulbar neurirtis
with a reduction in
visual acuity,
constriction of
visual field, central
or peripheral
scotoma, and
green-red
color blindness.
One or both eyes
may be affected.
Retinal
hemorrhage, skin
rashes, pruritus,
leucopenia,
fever and joint pain
Perform visual acuity and
color discrimination tests
before and during therapy.
Assess liver and renal status
and function before and
during therapy. Assess
patient for visual disturbance
that may indicate

Generic
Name
streptomyci
n sulfate



Antibiotic, anti-
tubercular,anti-
infective

Intramuscular
Tuberculosis
Adult:
15mg/kg daily;
max:1 g daily.
Reduce max daily
dose to500-
750mg

Pregnancy, hypersensitivity

Giddiness, vertigo,
tinnitus, ataxia,
hypersensitivity
reactions,
ototoxicity and
nephrotoxicity.
Potentially Fatal:
Anaphylactic

Draw blood for peak level1
hour I.M injection.
Monitor liver and kidney
function tests, watch for
evidence of hepatotoxicity
and nephrotoxicity
Monitor temp. stay alert for
fever and other s/s of super
inpatients>40 yr.
As part of an
intermittent
therapy:25-
30mg/kg/day2-
3times/wk; max:
1.5g/dose. Not
>120g over the
course
of treatment
should be given

shock, aplastic
anaemia and
agranulo cytosis.
Stevens-Johnson
syndrome and
toxicepidermal
necrolysis

infection
Assess neurologic status and
sensory function carefully
watch closely for neuro
toxicity

Pheno
Barbital
Brand
Name:
Barbilixir
(CAN),
Barbita
(CAN),
Bellatal,
Solfoton,
phenobarbit
al sodium,
Parenteral:L
uminal
Sodium

Barbiturate (long
acting), Sedative,
Hypnotic,
Anticonvulsant,
Antiepileptic agent
Sedative (oral or
parenteral)
Hypnotic, short-
term (up to 2 wk)
treatment of
insomnia (oral or
parenteral) Long-
term treatment of
generalized tonic-
clonic and cortical
focal seizures
(oral) Emergency
control of certain
acute convulsive
episodes (eg,
those associated
with status
epilepticus,
eclampsia,
meningitis,
tetanus, and toxic
reactions to
strychnine or
local anesthetics;
Contraindicated with
hypersensitivity to
barbiturates, manifest or
latent porphyria; marked
liver impairment; nephritis;
severe respiratory distress;
previous addiction to
sedative-hypnotic drugs
(may be ineffective and may
contribute to further
addiction); pregnancy (fetal
damage, neonatal withdrawal
syndrome); lactation.
Somnolence,
agitation,
confusion,
hyperkinesia,
ataxia, vertigo,
CNS depression,
nightmares,
lethargy,residual
sedation
(hangover),
paradoxical
excitement,
nervousness,
psychiatric
disturbance,halluci
nations, insomnia,
anxiety, dizziness,
thinking
abnormalityBradyc
ardia, hypotension,
syncope Nausea,
vomiting,
constipation,
diarrhea, epigastric
1. Maintenance of an
adequate airway with assisted
respiration and oxygen
administration as necessary.
2. Monitoring of vital signs
and fluid balance.
3. If the patient is conscious
and has not lost the gag
reflex, emesis may be
induced with ipecac. Care
should be taken to prevent
pulmonary aspiration of
vomitus. After completion of
vomiting, 30 grams activated
charcoal in a glass of water
may be administered.
4. If emesis is
contraindicated, gastric
lavage may be performed
with a cuffed endotracheal
tube in place with the patient
in the face down position.
Activated charcoal may be
left in the emptied stomach
parenteral) Pre
anesthetic
(parenteral)
Anticonvulsant
treatment of
generalized tonic-
clonic and cortical
focal seizures
(parenteral)
Emergency
control of acute
convulsions
(tetanus,
eclampsia,
epilepticus;
parenteral)
painRashes,
angioneurotic
edema, serum
sickness,
morbiliform rash,
urticaria; rarely,
exfoliative
dermatitis,
and a saline cathartic
administered.
5. Fluid therapy and other
standard treatment for shock,
if needed.
phenobarbital).
6. Patient should be rolled
from side to side every 30
minutes.
7. Appropriate nursing care to
prevent hypostatic
pneumonia, decubiti,
aspiration and other
complications of patients
with altered states of
consciousness.

Generic
Name:
Diazepam(d
ye-aze-
pam) Brand
Name: Apo-
Diazepam,D
iastat,
Diazemuls,
E-Pam,
Meval,
Novodipam,
Valium,
Valrelease,
Vivol
Central nervous system
agent; benzodiazepine
anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic
Drug of choice
for status
epilepticus.
Management of
anxiety disorders,
for short-term
relief of anxiety
symptoms, to
allay anxiety and
tension prior to
surgery,
cardioversion and
endoscopic
procedures, as an
amnesic, and
treatment for
restless legs. Also
used to alleviate
acute withdrawal
Injectable form:Shock, coma,
acute alcohol intoxication,
depressed vital signs,
obstetrical patients, infants
<30 d of age. Tablet form:
Infants <6 mo of age, acute
narrow-angle glaucoma,
untreated open-angle
glaucoma; during or within
14 d of MAO inhibitor
therapy. Safe use during
pregnancy (category D) and
lactation is not established.
Body Whole:
Throat and chest
pain. CNS:
Drowsiness,
fatigue, ataxia,
confusion,
paradoxic rage,
dizziness, vertigo,
amnesia, vivid
dreams, headache,
slurred speech,
tremor; EEG
changes, tardive
dyskinesia. CV:
Hypotension,
tachycardia, edema,
cardiovascular
collapse Spec
Senses: Blurred
Monitor for adverse
reactions. Most are dose
related. Physician will rely on
accurate observation and
reports of patient response to
the drug to determine lowest
effective maintenance dose.
Monitor for therapeutic
effectiveness. Maximum
effect may require 12 wk;
patient tolerance to
therapeutic effects may
develop after 4 wk of
treatment. Observe necessary
preventive precautions for
suicidal tendencies that may
be present in anxiety states
accompanied by depression.
Observe patient closely and
symptoms of
alcoholism,
voiding problems
in older adults,
and adjunctively
for relief of
skeletal muscle
spasm associated
with cerebral
palsy, paraplegia,
athetosis, stiff-
man syndrome,
tetanus.
vision, diplopia,
nystagmus. GI:
Xerostomia,
nausea,
constipation,
hepatic
dysfunction.
Urogenital:
Incontinence,
urinary retention,
gynecomastia
(prolonged use),
menstrual
irregularities,
ovulation failure.
Respiratory:
Hiccups, coughing,
laryngospasm.
Other: Pain, venous
thrombosis,
phlebitis at
injection site.
monitor vital signs when
diazepam is given
parenterally; hypotension,
muscular weakness,
tachycardia, and respiratory
depression may occur. Lab
tests: Periodic CBC and liver
function tests during
prolonged therapy. Supervise
ambulation. Adverse
reactions such as drowsiness
and ataxia are more likely to
occur in older adults and
debilitated or those receiving
larger doses. Dosage
adjustment may be necessary.
Monitor I&O ratio, including
urinary and bowel
elimination. Note: Smoking
increases metabolism of
diazepam; lowering clinical
effectiveness. Heavy smokers
may need a higher dose than
the nonsmoker. Note: Psychic
and physical dependence may
occur in patients on long-
term high dosage therapy, in
those with histories of
alcohol or drug addiction, or
in those who self-medicate
Generic
Name:
phenytoin
Brand
Name:
dilantin,
Anti-seizure Used to prevent
and control
seizures (also
called an
anticonvulsant or
antiepileptic
Hypersensitivity to
phenytoin, other hydantoins,
or any component; heart
block; sinus bradycardia
Many adverse
effects can occur
during phenytoin
therapy including
dizziness,
drowsiness,
Obtain data relating to the six
cardinal signs of
cardiovascular disease to be
used as a baseline for
subsequent evaluation of
response therapy.Record date
dilantin-125


drug). It works by
reducing the
spread of seizure
activity in the
brain.OTHER
This section
contains uses of
this drug that are
not listed in the
approved
professional
labeling for the
drug but that may
be prescribed by
your health care
professional. Use
this drug for a
condition that is
listed in this
section only if it
has been so
prescribed by
your health care
professional.This
drug may also be
used to treat
certain types of
irregular
heartbeats
difficulty focusing
(vision), unsteady
gate, tiredness,
abnormal
involuntary
movements,
nausea, vomiting,
constipation,
abdominal pain,
and loss of appetite
relating to any GI symptoms
present before initiation of
therapy.Assess and record
data relating to the patients
mental status ( e.g.
orientation,agitation,
confusion).Phenytoin is a
Pregnancy risk factor D-
Assess knowledge/teach
appropriate useof barrier
contraceptives (phenytoin
may interfere with
effectiveness of
oralcontraceptives). Instruct
patient to take this drug as
directed, with food; tofollow
good oral hygiene practices;
monitor serum glucose
regularly as prescribed if
patient is diabetic; if GI upset
occurs, frequent small meals
mayhelp; be cautious in
engaging in hazardous tasks;
report difficulty of
breathing,rash, unresolved
nausea or vomiting, slurring
speech, swollen glands,
bleedinggums, yellowish
color to skin or eyes,
palpitations.
Generic
Name:
Vitamin A
(Retinol)
Brand
Name:
Aquasol A
A-25,
A/Fish Oil

Vitamin A
injection is
effective for the
treatment of
vitamin A
deficiency.
In Pregnancy: Safety of
amounts exceeding 6,000
Units of vitamin A daily
during pregnancy has not
been established at this time.
The use of vitamin A in
excess of the recommended
dietary allowance may cause
fetal harm when
administered to a pregnant
woman. Animal reproduction
studies have shown fetal
abnormalities associated with
over-dosage in several
species. Malformations of the
central nervous system, the
eye, the palate, and the
urogenital tract are recorded.
Vitamin A in excess of the
recommended dietary
allowance is contraindicated
in women who are or may
become pregnant. If vitamin
A is used during pregnancy,
or if the patient becomes
pregnant while taking
vitamin A, the pt should be
apprised of the potential
hazard to the fetus
Anaphylactic shock
and death have
been reported using
the intravenous
route. Allergic
reactions have been
reported rarely with
administration of
AQUASOL A
Parenteral
including one case
of an anaphylactoid
type reaction.
Vitamin A toxicity
can cause growth
retardation, hair
loss and enlarged
spleen and liver in
its more severe
form. Vitamin A
overdose can also
cause birth defects
and has been linked
to increased risk of
bone fractures in
some people.
Teach the family about the
Vitamin A toxicity
Caution pregnant patient
about the taking of vitamin A
Teach patient that over
consumption of vitamin A
can cause nausea, irritability
and blurred vision.
Teach patient that Vitamin A
must be avoided from direct
sunlight exposure
Instruct patient/family that if
there is a sign of over dosage
of vitamin A, it must be
reported immediately to the
physician.

Generic Antiepileptic Sole and Contraindicated with CNS: Sedation, Give drug with food if GI
Name:
valproic aci
d
(val proe
ik)
valproic aci
d: Apo-
Valproic
Acid
(CAN),
Gen-
Valproic
(CAN),
Novo-
Valproic
(CAN), Nu-
Valprox
(CAN),
ratio-
Valproic
(CAN)

adjunctive
therapy in simple
(petit mal) and
complex absence
seizures
Depakote ER:
Treatment of
epilepsy in
children > 10 yr;
treatment of acute
manic or mixed
episodes
associated with
bipolar disorder,
with or without
psychotic features
Adjunctive
therapy with
multiple seizure
types, including
absence seizures
Depakote ER:
Treatment of
bipolar mania
Depakote,
Depacote ER:
Prophylaxis of
migraine
headaches
Divalproex,
sodium valproate
injection:
Treatment of
complex partial
seizures as
monotherapy or
hypersensitivity
to valproic acid, hepatic
disease or significant hepatic
impairment.
Use cautiously with children
< 18 mo; children < 2 yr,
especially with multiple
antiepileptics, congenital
metabolic disorders, severe
seizures accompanied by
severe mental retardation,
organic brain disorders
(higher risk of developing
fatal hepatotoxicity);
pregnancy (fetal neural tube
defects; do not discontinue to
prevent major seizures;
discontinuing such
medication is likely to
precipitate status epilepticus,
hypoxia and risk to both
mother and fetus); lactation.

tremor (may be
dose-related),
emotional upset,
depression,
psychosis,
aggression,
hyperactivity,
behavioral
deterioration,
weakness
Dermatologic:
Transient increases
in hair loss,
rash, petechiae
GI: Nausea,
vomiting,
indigestion,
diarrhea, abdominal
cramps,
constipation,
anorexia with
weight loss,
increased appetite
with weight
gain, life-
threatening pancrea
titis, hepatic failure
GU: Irregular
menses, secondary
amenorrhea
Hematologic:
Slight elevations in
AST, ALT, LDH;
increases in
serum bilirubin,
abnormal changes
upset occurs; substitution of
the enteric-coated
formulation also may be of
benefit; have pt swallow SR
tablet whole; do not cut,
crush, or chew.
WARNING: Reduce dosage,
discontinue, or substitute
other anti epileptics
gradually; abrupt
discontinuation of all
antiepileptics may precipitate
absence seizures.
BLACK BOX WARNING:
Arrange for frequent LFTs;
discontinue drug immediately
with significant hepatic
impairment, suspected or
apparent significant hepatic
impairment; continue LFTs to
determine if hepatic
impairment progresses in
spite of drug discontinuation.
WARNING: Arrange for pt
to have platelet counts,
bleeding time determination
before therapy, periodically
during therapy, and prior to
surgery. Monitor patient
carefully for clotting defects.
Discontinue if there is
evidence of hemorrhage,
bruising, or disorder of
hemostasis.
Monitor ammonia levels, and
discontinue if there is
with other
antiepileptics
Unlabeled uses:
Adjunct in
symptom
management of
schizophrenia,
treatment of
aggressive
outbursts in
children with
attention-deficit
hyperactivity
disorder, organic
brain syndrome

in other LFTs,
altered bleeding
time;
thrombocytopenia;
bruising; hematoma
formation; frank
hemorrhage;
relative lymphocyto
sis; hypofibrinogen
emia; leukopenia, e
osinophilia,
anemia, bone
marrow


clinically significant
elevation in level.
Monitor serum levels
of valproic acid and other
antiepileptic drugs given
concomitantly, esp during the
first few weeks of therapy.
Adjust dosage on the basis of
these data and clinical
response.
BLACK BOX WARNING:
Arrange for counseling for
women of childbearing age
who wish to become
pregnant; drug may be
teratogenic.
BLACK BOX WARNING:
Discontinue drug at any sign
of pancreatitis.
WARNING: Evaluate for
therapeutic serum levels
usually 50100 mcg/mL.


SUBMITTED TO. Ms. Irish
SUBMITTED BY: Erlinda P. Thomsen
SUBMITTED ON: Sept. 22, 2014
ISOLATION ROOM DRUGS STUDY
ISOLATION ROOM WARD ROTATION @ JLGMH (Sept.15-17 and Sept. 22-24, 2014)