77

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Oatway M, Reid A, Sawynox J. Peripheral antihyperalgesic actions of
Ketamin and Amitriptyline in a model of mild thermal injury in the rat.
Anesthesia Analgesia. 2003;97:168-73.
2. Adnyana IN. Efek pemberian obat kumur ketamin sebelum pemasangan pipa
endotrakeal untuk mengurangi nyeri tenggorok pasca operasi. Bagian
Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia-
RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Jakarta 2008.
3. Ogata J, Minami K, Horishita T, Shiraishi M, Okamoto T, Terada T, et
all.Gargling with sodium azulene sulfonat reduces the postoperativesore
throat after intubation of the trachea. Anesthesia Analgesia. 2005; 101:290-3.
4. Ayoub C, Ghobashy A, Koch M, McGrimley L, Pascale , Qadir S, et all.
Widespread application of topical steriods to decrease sore throat hoarness
and cough after tracheal intubation. Anesthesia Analgesia. 1998;87:714-6.
5. Higgins PP, Chung F, Mezei G. Postoperative sore throat after ambulatory
surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2002;88 (4):582-4.
6. Maruyama K, Sakai H, Miyazawa H, Toda N, Linuma Y, Mochizuki N, et
all. Sore throat and hoarseness after total intravenous anaesthesia. British
Journal of Anasthesia 2004; 92:541-3.
7. Canbay O, Celebi N, Sahin A, Celiker V,Ozgen S, Aypar U. Ketamin gargle
for attenuating posroperative sore throat. British Journal of Anasthesia
2008;100(4):490-3.
8. Christensen AM, Willemoes LH, Lundby L, Jacobsen KB. Postoperative
throat complaints after tracheal intubation. British Journal of Anasthesia
1994;73:786-7.
9. Sumanthi PA, Shenoy T, Ambaroesha M, Khrisna HM. Controled
comparison between betamethasone gel and lidocaine jely applied over
Universitas Sumatera Utara
78
tracheal tube to reduce postoperative sore throat, cough, and hoarseness of
voice. British Journal of Anasthesia 2007;92:541-3.
10. Novia R. Insiden nyeri tenggorok dan suara serak pasca anestesi umum
dengan tekhnik intubasi di RSCM. Jakarta : Departemen Anestesiologi
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia 2006.
11. Mandoe H, Nikolajsen L, Lintrup U, Jepsen D, Molgaard J. Sore throat after
endotracheal intubation. Anesthesia Analgesia. 1992;74:897-900.
12. Ahmed A, Abbasi S, Ghafoor HB, Ishaq M. Post operative sore throat after
selctive surgical procedures. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2007;19:2.
13. Yarlitasari D. Perbandingan pengaruh penggunaan pelincir jeli lidokain 2%
dengan salin 0.9% terhahap keberhasilan pemasangan LM proseal dan
kekrapan sore throatpasca anestesi inhalasi dengan N
2
O / O
2
/ enfluran.
Bagian Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Indonesia-RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Jakarta 2006.
14. Rudra A, Ray S, Chatterje S, Ahmed A, Ghosh S. Gargling with ketamin
attenuates the posroperative sore throat. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia 2009;
53(1):40-3.
15. Kulsum. Perbandingan keberhasilan obat kumur ketamin dengan obat kumur
aspirin dalam mengurangi nyeri tenggorok dan suara serak setelah operasi
endotrakeal. Departemen / SMF Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif Fakultas
Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara / RSUP Haji Adam Malik. Medan
2011.
16. Agarwal A, Nath SS, Goswami D, Gupta S, Dhiraaj S, Singh PK. An
evaluation of the efficacy of asprin and benzydamine hydrochloride gargle for
attenuating postoperative sore throat: a prospective, randomized, single-blind
study. Anesth analg 2006;103;1001-3.
17. Kati I, Tekin M, Silay E, Urfettin, Huseynoglu A, Yildiz H. Does
benzydamine hydrochloride applied preemtively reduce sore throat due to
laryngeal mask airway. Anesth analg 2004;99;710-2.
18. Supriatin. Pemberian tablet hisap Benzidamune hydrochloride sebelum
pemasangan laryngeal mask airway proseal (LMP ) untuk mengurangi nyeri
Universitas Sumatera Utara
79
tenggorok pasca operasi. Bagian Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif Fakultas
Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia-RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Jakarta
2007.
19. http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/par/documents/websiteresources/con1
74777.pdf
20. Subekti BE. Perbandingan daya guna obat Ketamin kumur 40 mg dan
Benzydamine HCl 0,075% untuk mengurangi nyeri tenggorok post intubasi.
Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2012.
21. Handoko. Hubungan antara ukuran pipa trakea dengan nyeri tenggorok dan
suara serak pasca anestesia. Fakultas Pasca Sarjana Universitas Indonesia.
Jakarta 1990.
22. Badar S. Sore throat. Bagian Anestesiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Indonesia-RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Jakarta 1982.
23. Abdullah N. Kekerapan nyeri tenggorokan dan suara serak pasca bedah :
Perbandingan antara kaf high volume low pressure pipa orotrakreal yang diisi
udara dengan salin pada anestesi inhalasi N
2
O / O
2
/ enfluran. Bagian
Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia-
RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Jakarta 2003.
24. Loeser EA, Bernet GM, Stanley TH. Reduction of postoperative sore throat
with new endotracheal tube cuffs. Anaesthesiology 1980;52: 444-7.
25. Jensen PJ, Hommelgard P, Eriksen S. Sore throat after operation: Influence of
tracheal intubation, intracuff pressure and type of cuff. British Journal of
Anasthesia 1982; 54:453-6.
26. Morgan GE. Airway management. In: Morgan GE, Mikhail MS, Murray MJ,
editors. Clinical Anesthesiology. 4 ed. Los Angeles: McGraw-Hill; 2006:91-
116.
27. Hollinshead, W.H. The pharynx and larynx. In : Anatomy for
surgeons.Volume 1 : Head and Neck. A hoeber-harper international edition,
1966 : 425-456
28. Ballenger, J.J. Anatomy of the larynx . In : Diseases of the nose, throat, ear,
head and neck.13th ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger. 1993.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
80
29. Lalwani AL. Current Diagnosis & treatment in otolaryngology head & neck
surgery.Mc Graw Hill. New York;2005:169-70.
30. Morgan GE. Pain management. In: Morgan GE, Mikhail MS, Murray MJ,
editors. Clinical Anesthesiology. 4 ed. Los Angeles: McGraw-Hill; 2006:359-
417.
31. Abram SE, Schlicht CR. Chronic pain management. In: Barash PG, Cullen
BF, Stoelting RK, editors. Clin Anesth. 4 ed. Philadelphia: Pippincott
Williams and Wilkins; 2001:1049 66.
32. Jensen MP, Chen C, Brugger AM. Interpretation of Visual Analogue Score
ratings and change scores: A reanalysis of two clinical trial of postoperative
pain The Journal of pain; 2003
33. Coll Am, Ameen JRM, Mead D. Posoperative pain assessment tools in day
surgery: literature revew. J Adv Nurs 2004;46(2): 123-33.
34. Nugraha AJ. Keefektifan pemberian obat kumur aspirin sebelum pemasangan
pipa endotrakeal untuk engurangi nyeri tenggorok pasca operasi. Bagian
Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif Fakultas kedokteran Universitas Indonesia-
RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Jakarta 2008.
35. Baker AL. Factors affecting the incidence of sore throat following general
anesthesia with endotracheal tube versus laryngeal mask airway.Texas
Christian University 2011.
36. Dorch JA, Dorch SE. Endotrachal tube in Understanding anesthesia
equipment. 2
nd
ed. William & Wilkins. London. 1983:353-400.
37. Wilmana PF, Analgesik-antipiretik, analgesik anti inflamasi nonsteroid dan
obat pirai. Dalam : Gans, Setiabudi R, Sjamsuddin U, Bustami Z.
Farmakologi dan terapi. Edisi 3. 1987;183-9
38. Trevor AJ, White PF. General Anesthetics. In: Katzug BG, editor. Basic &
clinical pharmacology. 9
th
eds. Boson : Mc Graw-Hill ; 2004 : 401-7.
39. Squiver CA, Finkelstein MW. Oral mukosa. In Nancy, A eds. Ten cates oral
histology development strukture, and function. 6
th
ed. Mosby. Co
Missouri.2003:329-75.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
81
40. Wilson, Lorraine M. Respon tubuh terhadap cidera. Dalam : Patofisiologi
konsep klinis proses proses penyakit. Edisi 6. EGC. Jakarta.2006:56-79.
41. Peterson. Oral and maxillofacial surgery. 4
th
ed. Missouri. Mosby.2003:50
3.
42. Blonk MI, Koder BG, Van-den-bernt PLMA, Huygen F. Use of oral ketamin
in chronic pain management; A review. Eur J Pain (2009),
doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.09005.
43. Stoelting R K, Hillier S C. Opioid Agonists and Antagonists, Local
Anesthetics, Cyclooxygenase - 2 Inhibitor and Nonspecific Nonsteroidal
Antiinflammatory Drugs. In:Pharmacology & Physiology in Anesthetic
Practice. 4thed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006; 87-
126,180-195, 276-288
44. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar dasar metodologi penelitian. Edisi 3.
Sagung Seto. Jakarta 2008: 302-30.
Universitas Sumatera Utara