GLOSSARY.

1333
tlio living
;
in former times this sort of building was often embattled and fortified, and
had various appendages, including sometimes a small chapel or oratory.
Parting Bead. The beaded slip inserted at the centre of the pulley style of a sash
window, to keep the two sashes in their pkces when being raised or lowered.
Partition. (Lat.) A wall of stone, brick, or timber, dividing one room from another.
When a partition has no support from below, it should not be suffered to bear on the
floor with any considerable weight, and in such cases it should have a truss formed
within it, in which case it is called a trussrd partition. See Truss.
Party Wall. Such as is formed between buildings to separate them from each other
and prevent the spreading of fire. Every wall used or built in order to be used as a
separation of any building from any other building, with a view to the same being
occupied by different persons. The regulations prescribed for them form a large
portion of the Metropolitan Buildings Act, and of local Acts passed for similar
purposes.
Pahty Fence Wall. A wall separating the open ground in one occupation from that in
another; each owner having a right up to the centre of such wall.
Party Structure. This term includes party walls, and also partitions, arches, floors,
and other structures separating buildings, stories, or rooms which belong to different
owners, or which are approached by distinct staircases or separate entrances from
without.
Parvise. a porch, portico, or large entrance to a church. It seems also to have
signified a room over the church porch, where schools used to bo held.
Parvise Turret. The small tower which encloses the staircase to the parvise.
Passage. The avenue leading to the various divisions and apartments of a building.
When there is only one series of rooms in breadth, the passage must run along one
side of the building, and may be lighted by apertures through the exterior walls. If
there be more than one room in breadth, it must run in the middle, and be lighted from
above or at one or both ends.
Patkea. (Lat.) A vessel used in the Roman sacrifices, wherein the blood of the victims
was received. It was generally slmllow, flat, a-nd circular. Its representation has been
introduced as an ornament in friezes and fascioe, accompanied with festoons of flowers
or husks, and other accessories.
Paternosters. A species of ornament in the shape of beads, either round or oval, used
in baguettes, astragals, &c.
Pavement. (Lat. Pavimentum.) A path or road laid or beaten in with stones or other
materials. According to the information of Isidorus, the first people who paved their
streets with stones were the Carthaginians. Appius Claudius, the founder of the
Appian Way, appears to have introduced the practice into Rome, after which the
Roman roads were universally paved, remains of them having been found in every part
of the empire.
In the interior of the Roman houses, the pavement was often laid upon timber
framing; and the assemblages so constructed were CiiWedi contignata pavimcnta. The
pavement called coassatio was made of oaken planks of the qucrcus asculus, which was
least liable to warp. The Roman pavements were also frequently of mosaic work, that
is, of square pieces of terra cotta or stone, called tesserse, in various patterns and figures,
many of which remain in Britain to the present day.
The various sorts of paving are as follows :
1. Pehble faving, of stones collected
from the sea-beach, mostly obtained from Guernsey or Jersey. This is very durable if
well laid. The stones v^ary in size, but those from six to nine inches deep are the
best, those of three inches in depth are called holders or bowlers, and are used for paving
courtyards and those places wherever heavy weights do not pass. 2. Bag paving : in-
ferior to the last, and usually from the vicinity of Maidstone, in Kent, whence it bears
the name of Kentish rag-stone. It is sometimes squared, and then used for paving
coach tracks and footways. 3. Purheck pitchers,'<f;\v\c\\ are squared stones, used in foot-
ways, brought from the island of Purbeck. They are useful in courtyards ; the pieces
running about five inches thick, and from six to ten inches square. 4. Squared paving,
by some called Scotch paving, of a cle ir close stone, called blue wynn. This is now,
however, quite out of use. 5. Granite, oi the material which its name imports. 6.
Guernsey paving, which, for street work, is the best in use. It is broken with iron
hammers, and squared to any required dimensions, of aprismoidal figure, with a smaller
base downwards. It is commonly bedded in small gravel. 7. Purbeck paving, wsodtuv
footways, of which the blue sort is the best, is obtained in pretty largo surfices, of about
two inches and a half thick. 8. Yorkshire pavivg : a very good material, and procur-
able of very large dimensions. 9. Hyegate, ot fire-stone paving, used for hearths, stoves,
ovens, and other places subject to great heat, by which this stone, if kept dry, is not
affected. 10. Newcastle
flags,
useful for the paving of ofltices. They run about one and
a half to two inches thick, and about two feet square, and bear considerable rcseinblanco