ANTH 320: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS (MW)

Fall 2014-15
Lahore University of Management Sciences
Ali Khan
Oce! 222-"e# Social Sciences $ing
Oce %o&rs! ' (m ) 5 (m* +&es,ay an, +h&rs,ay or -y a((ointment*
.mail! a/han0l&ms*e,&*(/
Sa,af Ahma,
Oce! 21'-"e# Social Sciences $ing
Oce %o&rs! 10 a*m*-12 (*m* +&es,ays an, +h&rs,ays1 or -y
a((ointment*
.mail! sa,afah0l&ms*e,&*(/
I. COURSE DESCRIPTION
2&alitative research has an e3tensive an, (rominent history in the social
sciences* From the research of the 45hicago school6 in the 1720s an,
17'0s to the more recent 4critical ethnogra(hy16 8&alitative research
metho,s (rovi,e essential tools to st&,y the social #orl,*
+hro&gho&t the co&rse #e #ill ,isc&ss an, e3(lore the #ays social
scientists em(loy 8&alitative research to i,entify1 ,oc&ment an, critically
analyse com(le3 social (henomena an, (atterns an, (ractices of
interaction1 as #ell as trac/ an, analy9e their changes over time*
Fiel,#or/ allo#s social scientists to e3amine the sym-olic1 religio&s1
gen,ere,1 socio-economic1 (olitical an, historical forces an, conte3ts that
&n,erlie an, motivate -eliefs1 i,eologies1 (ractices an, change*
+he co&rse ,eals :rst of all #ith the ,evelo(ment of :el,#or/ as a
,e:ning feat&re of anthro(ology as a ,isci(line* ;t then goes on to ,isc&ss
research ,esign an, the ma<or metho,s of gathering :el, information in
anthro(ology* +hese incl&,e the (rocess of gaining access to a :el, site1
(artici(ant o-servation1 the &nstr&ct&re, intervie# an, life histories*
=ilemmas of re>e3ivity an, voice1 a((roaches to the analysis of
8&alitative evi,ence1 oral an, #ritten (resentation of1 an, eval&ation an,
,issemination of 8&alitative research #ill -e e3amine,* %o# to /ee(
,etaile, :el, notes an, a ,isc&ssion of ethics arising from :el,#or/ #ill
also -e covere,1 as #ell as some techni8&es of ,ata analysis an, some
o-servations a-o&t the #riting-&( (rocess*
.m(hasis #ill -e (lace, on e8&i((ing st&,ents to gain the (ractical s/ills
necessary to con,&ct a small :el,#or/ (ro<ect &sing theoretically-
informe,1 colla-orative1 action-oriente, an, ethical metho,s* 5o&rse
1
rea,ings #ill -e ,ra#n from socio-c&lt&ral anthro(ology an, its relate,
,isci(lines*
St&,ents #ill -e e3(ecte, to ,o a gro&( (ro<ect involving :el,#or/* .ach
gro&( #ill consist of 4-5 mem-ers* +hese :el, (ro<ects #ill -e the
c&lmination of #hat has -een ta&ght thro&gho&t the co&rse* +his #ill then
-e (resente, to the entire class at the en, of the co&rse so that st&,ents
are -est a-le to learn from each others? varying e3(eriences*
;n a,,ition to aca,emic research 8&alitative research metho,s can -e
a((lie, to social mar/eting1 (rogram ,esign an, (olicy formation1 an,
also -e &se, to monitor an, eval&ate changes over time* @artici(atory an,
Aa((lie,? 8&alitative metho,s (ermit researchers in a #i,e variety of
,isci(linary1 instit&tional an, organi9ational settings to a,,ress (o#er
,iBerentials as they occ&r in the (rocess of investigation or inform social
an, (olitical change*
II. COURSE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Cy the en, of the co&rse1 st&,ents #ill have gaine,!
Kno#le,ge of a #i,e range of 8&alitative Dethnogra(hicE research
metho,sF
+he ca(acity to critically i,entify research 8&estions that are of
relevance to the (eo(les an, conte3t st&,ie,F
+he a-ility to con,&ct the (re-:el,#or/ (re(aratory research an,
literat&re revie#s re8&ire, for (ro<ect (ro(osalsF
+he metho,s re8&ire, to #rite s&ccessf&l1 theory-,riven research
(ro(osals an, Gesearch .thics Coar, DG.CF ;nstit&tional Gevie#
Coar,E a((licationsF
+he s/ills re8&ire, to initiate1 con,&ct1 #rite-&( an, (resent a small
ethnogra(hic :el,#or/ (ro<ect1 an,F
5om(etence in a((lying 8&alitative research metho,s to a ,iverse
array of inter,isci(linary an, e3tra-instit&tional settings an,
(ro<ects*
LUMS has al#ays ha, a tra,ition of (rovi,ing its st&,ents am(le
o((ort&nity to &n,erta/e :el,#or/* C&t many st&,ents &n,erta/e
:el,#or/ #itho&t -eing s&ita-ly e8&i((e, #ith the tools to &n,erta/e that
:el,#or/* +his co&rse is ,esigne, to :ll that ga( an, allo# st&,ents to
hone their research s/ills #ith a co&rse that is -oth (ractical an,
theoretical*
;t is ho(e,1 therefore1 that the co&rse #ill (rovi,e st&,ents #ith a so&n,
&n,erstan,ing of ho# 8&alitative research is &n,erta/en in the classic
anthro(ological tra,ition an, ho# these metho,s have since -een
a,a(te, an, a((lie, to sit&ations #ell -eyon, the anthro(ological :el,*
2
Moreover1 the co&rse sho&l, ,irectly im(act the 8&ality of many senior
(ro<ects as #ell as im(rove the 8&ality of research (a(ers -ase, on
:el,#or/ for other co&rses*
III. COURSE EVALUATION
Rese!"# Des$%& ('( )e #&*e* $& ' sess$(& +0) , +-.
+he research ,esign (ro<ect #ill -e (re(are, -y each gro&( an, sho&l,
re>ect the #or/ that #ill -e &n,erta/en for the :nal (resentation* ;t #ill -e
-ase, on the conce(tsHi,eas an, instr&ments learnt &ntil that time*
P!ese&''$(&s / 30. ('( )e #e0* $& '#e 0s' 1e2 2ee3s (1 '#e
"(4!se) &* 5$e0* N('es / 2-. ('( )e #&*e* $& s#(!'06 1'e! '#e
0s' "0ss)
=&ring the co&rse of the lect&res st&,ents #ill -e ta&ght ho# to &n,erta/e
:el,#or/* +hey #ill then have to ,o a (iece of research as (art of their
co&rse #or/* +he (resentation #ill incl&,e a ,escri(tion of ho# :el,#or/
#as &n,erta/en1 iss&es face, ,&ring :el,#or/1 an, res&lts* Fiel, notes
/e(t ,&ring :el,#or/ #ill also -e mar/e,* +his forms the cr&cial A(ractical?
element of the co&rse*
Ass$%&7e&' (& E'#$"s / +0.
Io& #ill -e as/e, to re>ect &(on the 4ethics6 of research -y :lling o&t an
;GC form in class* =etails of this assignment #ill -e given to yo& in class*
C0ss P!'$"$8'$(& /+0.
+he seminars an, lect&res are (lanne, as interactive sessions an,
therefore st&,ents? familiarity #ith1 re>ections &(on1 an, 8&estions -ase,
on lect&re material an, the rea,ings #ill acco&nt for class (artici(ation*
Ass$%&7e&' (& '#e $&'e!9$e2$&% 8!("ess / +0.
Io& #ill -e given a tas/ relate, to the intervie#ing (rocess* =etails of this
assignment #ill -e given to yo& in class*
S477!6
Gesearch =esign - 15J
@resentations - '0J
Fiel, "otes - 25J
Assignment on .thics - 10J
5lass @artici(ation -10J
Assignment on the intervie#ing (rocess - 10J
IV. COURSE ETHICS:
'
+he strength of the &niversity ,e(en,s on aca,emic an, (ersonal
integrity* St&,ents are e3(ecte, to a-i,e -y the r&les of aca,emic an,
(ersonal honesty* Serio&s ethical violations incl&,e cheating1 (lagiarism1
re&se of essays1 im(ro(er &se of the internet an, electronic services1
&na&thori9e, colla-oration1 alteration of gra,e, essays1 forgery1 lying1 an,
&nfair com(etition* For more information on ethics1 (lease refer to the
st&,ent han,-oo/ an, the (lagiarism ,oc&ment ,istri-&te, -y the
=e(artment of %&manities an, Social Sciences* S(eci:c instr&ctions for
the essay an, the (ro<ects #ill -e circ&late, (rior to the s&-mission*
P0%$!$s7 : C#e'$&% P(0$"6
; tr&st in the integrity of each an, every one of yo&1 yet if ;?m convince, of
a case of (lagiarism the matter #ill -e imme,iately referre, to the
=isci(linary committee* ;f yo& have any 8&estions regar,ing ho# to cite
material in yo&r #or/1 as/ me C.FOG. the #or/ is ,&e*
P0%$!$s7
$hat is itK
@lagiarism is ,e:ne, as the representation of anothers words, ideas
opinions, or other products of work as ones own either overtly or by
failing to attribute them to their true source.
1
;n other #or,s1 it is ,ra#ing
&(on other (eo(le?s #or/ #itho&t giving them cre,it for it*
@lagiarism is the &se #itho&t citation of!
- another (erson?s #ritten #or,s
- a (ara(hrase of another (erson?s #ritten #or,s
Avoi,ing @lagiarism
;n or,er to avoi, (lagiarism1 ma/e s&re that yo& ac/no#le,ge the so&rce
of yo&r i,eas!
;(4 74s' 4se <4(''$(& 7!3s !(4&* 00 7'e!$0 '#' 6(4 !e
<4('$&% e="'061 &* $77e*$'e06 1(00(2 $' 2$'# "$''$(& '( '#e
s(4!"e $& 6(4! 'e='.
Io& m&st cite all i,eas an, materials from other a&thors Dincl&,ing #e-
(agesE that yo& are (ara(hrasing or referring to in yo& #or/*
A 5ommon Mista/e to Avoi,
Sometimes st&,ents (&t ,o#n the original te3t1 -&t s&-stit&tes similar or
e8&ivalent terms thro&gho&t* Io& sho&l, instea, #rite the i,eas
com(letely in yo&r o#n #or,sHformat1 an, then cite the so&rce from #hich
yo& ,erive, the i,eas
1
Syracuse University Rules and Regulations, Section 1.0
4
5iting So&rces
5iting so&rces in yo&r te3t means (rovi,ing the rea,er #ith
- the a&thor?s last name1
- the year of (&-lication of his or her #or/1
- an, the (age n&m-er from #hich the 8&ote is ta/en Din case of a
8&oteE
Ci-liogra(hy
Io&r -i-liogra(hy m&st follo# either the A@A1 MLA or +he 5hicago Man&al
of Style* $hatever style yo& &se1 ma/e s&re yo& &se it correctly an,
consistently* =o not have more than one style in a -i-liogra(hy*
5
V. GRADING GUIDELINES
2
Lra,ing for the co&rse #ill -e relative*
Letter
Lra,e
Lra,e =e:nition
AM
.3cellent! Strong evi,ence of original thin/ingF goo, organi9ationF
ca(acity to analy9e an, synthesi9eF s&(erior gras( of s&-<ect
matter #ith so&n, critical eval&ationsF evi,ence of e3tensive
/no#le,ge -ase*
A .3cellent
A- .3cellent
CM
Loo,! .vi,ence of gras( of s&-<ect matterF some evi,ence of
critical ca(acity an, analytic a-ilityF reasona-le &n,erstan,ing of
relevant iss&esF evi,ence of familiarity #ith literat&re*
C Loo,
C- Loo,
5M
A,e8&ate! St&,ent #ho is (ro:ting from hisHher &niversity
e3(erienceF &n,erstan,ing of the s&-<ect matterF a-ility to ,evelo(
sol&tions to sim(le (ro-lems in the material*
5 A,e8&ate
5- A,e8&ate
=M
Marginal! Some evi,ence of familiarity #ith s&-<ect matter an,
some evi,ence that critical an, analytic s/ills have -een
,evelo(e,*
= Marginal
=- Marginal
F
;na,e8&ate! Little evi,ence of even s&(er:cial &n,erstan,ing of
s&-<ect matterF #ea/ness in critical an, analytic s/illsF #ith limite,
or irrelevant &se of literat&re*
VI. STUDENT RESPONSIBILITIES
A''e&* '#e 0e"'4!es.
Be $& "0ss (& '$7e.
D( '#e !e*$&%s.
;t is essential for yo& to ,o the assigne, rea,ings* $hile there are no 8&i99es or
e3ams in this co&rse1 caref&l an, tho&ghtf&l rea,ing #ill -e cr&cial to yo&r
learning an, yo&r (erformance in the co&rse*
2
Taken from the University of Toronto, Faculty of Arts and Science, rading !olicies "
htt#$%%&&&.artsci.utoronto.ca%ne&students%transition%academic%grading
N
H&* $& 6(4! 2(!3 2#e& $' $s *4e* Late #or/ #ill not -e acce(te,*
T4!& 6(4! 7()$0e 8#(&es O55 )e1(!e e&'e!$&% '#e "0ss!((7.
Using mo-ile (hones in class #ill lea, to a gra,e re,&ction*
O
VII. COURSE STRUCTURE AND SCHEDULE
Se8' +! I&'!(*4"'$(& '( '#e "(4!se (SA>A?)
"o Gea,ings
Se8' 3: W#' $s Q40$''$9e Rese!"#@ (SA)
%ammersley1 M*1 At/ins1 @* D1775E 4$hat is ethnogra(hyK6 in Principles in
Practice* Lon,on! Go&tle,ge1 ((* 1-22*
Se8' A: T#e *e9e0(87e&' (1 Be0*2(!3 $& &'#!(8(0(%6: 1!(7
!7"#$! '( Be0* !ese!"# (SA)
Malino#s/i1 C* D1722E* 4Metho, an, Sco(e of Anthro(ological Fiel,#or/16
in Ethnographic ieldwork! "n "nthropological #eader1 Go--en1 A* an,
PeBrey Sl&/a De,s*E1 2012* $est S&sse3! $iley-Clac/#ell* @gs1 N7-Q0
Urry1 P* D17O2E* 4"otes an, 2&eries on Anthro(ology an, the =evelo(ment
of Fiel, Metho,s in Critish Anthro(ology1 1QO0-172016 Proceedings of the
#oyal "nthropological $nstitute of %reat &ritain and $reland1 "o* 17O2* @gs*
45-5O*
=eloria1 R* D17O'E* 45&ster =ie, for yo&r Sins16 in Ethnographic ieldwork!
"n "nthropological #eader1 Go--en1 A* an, PeBrey Sl&/a De,s*E1 2012*
$est S&sse3! $iley-Clac/#ell* @gs* 177-20N*
Sche(er-%&ghes1 "* D2000E* 4;re ;n ;relan,16 Ethnographic ieldwork! "n
"nthropological #eader1 Go--en1 A* an, PeBrey Sl&/a De,s*E1 2012* $est
S&sse3! $iley-Clac/#ell* @gs* 217-2''*
Se8' +0: T#e C#&%$&% N'4!e (1 5$e0*2(!3 (SA)
"arayan1 K* D177'E* 4%o# A"ative? is a "ative Anthro(ologistK6 "merican
"nthropologist1 "*S*1 75 D'E! NO1-NQN*
5ha#la1 =* D200NE* 4S&-<ectivity an, the "ative .thnogra(her! Gesearcher
.ligi-ility in an .thnogra(hic St&,y of Ur-an ;n,ian $omen in %in,&
Arrange, Marriages*6 $nternational 'ournal of (ualitative )ethods1 5 D4E! 1-
1'*
An,erson1 L* D200NE* 4Analytic A&toethnogra(hy*6 'ournal of *ontemporary
Ethnography1 '5 D4E! 'O'-'75*
Sal9man1 @*5* D2002E* 4On Ge>e3ivity*6 "merican "nthropologist1 104 D'E!
Q05-Q1'*
Q
DSGE Ma&thner1 "*S*1 =o&cet1 A* D200'E* 4Ge>e3ive Acco&nts an, Acco&nts
of Ge>e3ivity in 2&alitative =ata Analysis*6 +ociology1 'O D'E! 41'-4'1*
DSGE %age1 L* D2007E* 4%ating ;srael in the Fiel,! On ethnogra(hy an,
(olitical emotions*6 "nthropological ,heory1 7! 57-O7*
DSGE Al-Ma/hamreh1 S*1 Le#an,o-%&n,t1 L* D200QE* 4Gesearching Aat
%ome? as an ;nsi,erHO&tsi,er! Len,er an, 5&lt&re in an .thnogra(hic
St&,y of Social $or/ @ractice in an Ara- Society*6 (ualitative +ocial -ork1
O D1E! 7-2'*
Se8' +- &* +C: Des$%&$&% Rese!"# P!(De"' (A?)
Clai/ie1 "* D2000E A=esigning Social Gesearch?1 in =esigning Social
Gesearch1 Lon,on! @olity
Clai/ie1 "* D2000E* ASam(le Gesearch =esigns1? in =esigning Social
Gesearch1 Lon,on! @olity
Clai/ie1 "* D2000E AGesearch 2&estions an, o-<ectives?1 in =esigning Social
Gesearch1 Lon,on! @olity
%ammersley1 M*1 At/inson1 @* 4Gesearch =esign*6 .thnogra(hy! @rinci(les
in @ractice* D5ha(ter 2E Lon,on! Go&tle,ge1 ((* 2'-5'*
5res#ell1 P*$* D200OE 4=esigning a 2&alitative St&,y*6 2&alitative ;n8&iry S
Gesearch =esign*
D5ha(ter 'E Lon,on! Sage @&-lications1 ((* '5-52*
5res#ell1 P*$* D200OE* 4;ntro,&cing an, Foc&sing the St&,y*6 2&alitative
;n8&iry S Gesearch =esign* D5ha(ter 4E Lon,on! Sage @&-lications1 ((*
101-115*
Se8' 22: S780$&% &* Se0e"'$(& S'!'e%$es (A?)
Clai/ie1 "* D2000E ASo&rces an, Selection of =ata?1 in =esigning Social
Gesearch1 Lon,on! @olity
C&rgess1 G D17Q2E* .lements of Sam(ling in Fiel, Gesearch D5ha(ter 11E in
AFiel, Gesearch ! A So&rce-oo/ an, Fiel, Man&al1 Go-ert L* C&rgess1 Allen
an, Un#in an, other C&rgess*
Pohn P* %onigmann* Sam(ling in .thnogra(hic Fiel,#or/ D5ha(ter 12E in
AFiel, Gesearch ! A So&rce-oo/ an, Fiel, Man&al1 Go-ert L* C&rgess1 Allen
an, Un#in an, other C&rgess*
7
Se8' 2E: E'#$"s I: A&'#!(8(0(%$"0 E'#$"s &* E'#&(%!8#$"
5$e0*2(!3 (SA)
Le5om(te1 M* an, Pean Schens&l D1777E* 4.thical +reatment of Gesearch
@artici(ants an,
5are for %&man Gelationshi(s16 in .esigning and *onducting Ethnographic
#esearch* O3for,!
AltaMira @ress* @gs* 1Q'-204*
Loo,#in1 =*1 et al* D200'E* 4.thics an, .thnogra(hy! An .3(eriential
Acco&nt*6 (ualitative /ealth #esearch1 1'! 5NO-5OO*
@atai1 =* D1771E* 4US Aca,emics an, +hir, $orl, $omen! ;s .thical
Gesearch @ossi-leK6 in
-omens -ords! ,he eminist Practice of 0ral /istory1 Ll&c/1 S* C* An,
=a(ne @atai De,s*E*
"e# Ior/! Go&tle,ge* @gs* 1'O-5'*
American Anthro(ological Association* D2007E* 45o,e of .thics of the
American Anthro(ological Association*6 @gs 1-Q*
DSGE American Anthro(ological Association D200OE* 4AAA 5ommission on
the .ngagement of Anthro(ology #ith the US Sec&rity an, ;ntelligence
5omm&nities*6 Final Ge(ort D"ov 4E! 1-N2*
DSGE Lregor1 +*A*1 Lross1 =*G* D2004E* 4L&ilt -y Association! +he 5&lt&re of
Acc&sation an, the American Anthro(ological Association?s ;nvestigation
of A=ar/ness in .l =ora,o?*6 "merican "nthropologist1 10N D4E! NQO-N7Q*
Se8' 2F: S'!'$&% Rese!"# &* G$&$&% A""ess (A?)
@ons1 Ral,o D17Q2E* La&nching a "eigh-o&rhoo, St&,y in an African +o#n1
5ha(ter 5 in Fiel, Gesearch! A so&rce-oo/ an, Fiel, Man&al1 C&rgess1 G1
D17Q2E* Allen an, Un#in*
C&rgess1 G D17QOE* ;n the Fiel, 5ha(ter 2 AStarting Gesearch an, Laining
Access?1 Allen an, Un#in*
O"' +: P!'$"$8&' O)se!9'$(& (SA)
10
Fran/en-erg1 G* D17Q2E* 4@artici(ant O-servers16 in ield #esearch! "
sourcebook and ield )anual1 C&rgess1 G1 17Q2* Allen an, Un#in* @gs* 50-
52*
.aster,ay1 L* D17Q2E* 4+he Ma/ing of A Female Gesearcher16 in ield
#esearch! " sourcebook and ield )anual1 C&rgess1 G1 17Q21 Allen an,
Un#in* @gs* N2-NO*
C&rgess1 G D17QOE* 4Metho,s of Fiel, Gesearch! @artici(ant O-servation16
in $n the ield! "n $ntroduction to ield #esearch1 C&rgess1 G* 17QO1 Allen
an, Un#in* @gs* OQ-7Q*
Gesearch @ro(osal =&e
EID HOLIDA;S
O"' +3 &* +-: 5ee*)"3 (& !ese!"# *es$%& ss$%&7e&' (A?)
O"' 20 &* 22: Me'#(*s (1 5$e0* Rese!"#: I&'e!9$e2s (SA)
Schens&l1 S* D1777E 4;n-,e(th o(en-en,e, ;ntervie#ing16 in Essential
Ethnographic )ethod* Lon,on! Sage @&-lications* @gs* 121-4Q*
$hyte1 $* F* D17Q2E* 4;ntervie#ing in Fiel, Gesearch16 in ield #esearch! "
sourcebook and ield )anual1 C&rgess1 G1 17Q21 Allen an, Un#in*
DSGE An,erson1 K* an, =ana Pac/ D1771E* 4Learning to Listen! ;ntervie#
+echni8&es an, Analysis16 in -omens -ords! ,he eminist Practice of
0ral /istory1 Ll&c/1 S* C* An, =a(ne @atai De,s*E* "e# Ior/! Go&tle,ge*
@gs* 11-2N*
O"' 2C: L$1e H$s'(!$esG 5("4s G!(48s &* Pe!s(&0 D("47e&'s (SA)
%aeri1 S* D2002E .3cer(ts from 1o +hame for the +un* Syrac&se! Syrac&se
University @ress*
Io#1 R* D1774E 4Rarieties of Oral %istory @ro<ects16 in #ecording 0ral
/istory* 5ha(el %ill! Sage @&-lications* @gs* 14'-N1*
%ollan,er1 P* D2004E 4+he Social 5onte3ts of Foc&s Lro&(s16 in 'ournal of
*ontemporary Ethnography1 ''! N02-'O*
Sam&el1 G* 4Local %istory an, Oral %istory16 in ield #esearch! "
sourcebook and ield )anual, &urgess, #*1 17Q21 Allen an, Un#in* @gs*
1'N-45*
DSGE C&rgess1 G* D17QOE* 4Using @ersonal =oc&ments*6 Allen an, Un#in*
@gs* 12'-140
;ntervie# Assignment =&e
11
O"' 2F &* N(9 -: N('e T3$&% (A?)
C&rgess1 G D17QOE* ;n the Fiel, 5ha(ter Q AGecor,ing an, Analysing =ata?1
Allen an, Un#in*
$e--1 Ceatrice D17Q2E* +he Art of "ote +a/ing )5ha(ter 2N ) in Fiel,
Gesearch in Fiel, Gesearch! A so&rce-oo/ an, Fiel, Man&al1 C&rgess1 G1
17Q21 Allen an, Un#in*
Malino#s/i1 C D17Q2E* +he =iary of an Anthro(ologist 5ha(ter 2O in Fiel,
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