Strap #1: Design Assumptions

STRAP FOOTINGS
STRAP #1
Design assumptions
1. Strap does not provide bearing
2. Strap is ridge enough to transfer moment from one footing to the other.
3. Soil bearing pressure = kN/m2
A B
DL DL
LL LL
P
a
P
b
LL LL
~assume a footing width of mm, the eccentricity of footing A is
e = mm
= m
~the distance between footing reaction, L
L = mm
= m
~the eccentric moment is M = P
a
* e
= kNm
2.75 2.75
150 5700 150
100
3.05 3.05
430 430
850 850
6000
5700
420 420
1.524
1276 1276
1.525 2952 1.525
2952
2.952
1295
3048
1524
R
b
R
a
N
1
N
2
~the shear produced by M is, V = M/L
= kNm/m
~reaction at footing A , R
a
= P
a
+ V
Ra = kN
~soil bearing capacity = kN/m2
~required footing area of A = Ra/soil bearing capacity
= kN/m2

use x = kN/m2
~assume a footing width of mm, the eccentricity of footing
e = mm
= m
L = mm
= m
b
* e
= kNm
= kNm/m
~reaction at footing B , R
b
= P
b
+ V
R
b
= kN
~required footing area of B = Rb/soil bearing capacity
= kN/m2

use x = kN/m2
STRAP
A B
3.05 2.75 8.388
3048
438.8
1289
100
12.89
2952
2.952
1295
438.8
1524
1.524
2.75 2.75
1289
100
12.89
3.05 2.75 8.388
3.05 3.05
~Factored column load of A = 1.4*gk+1.6*qk
= kN
~Factored column load of B = 1.4*gk+1.6*qk
= kN
~factored eccentric moment, M
ua
= P
a
* e ~M
ub
= P
b
* e
= kN = kN
~Factored shear, V
ua
= M/L ~V
ub
= M/L
= kN = kN
~Factored footing reaction at A = +
= kN
~Factored footing pressure per linear foot of A = /
= kN/m
~Factored footing reaction at B = +
= kN
~Factored footing pressure per linear foot of B = /
= kN/m
~Shear diagram
At point 1: V
u
= * -
= kN
At point 2: V
u
= * -
= kN
At point 3: V
u
= * -
= kN
At point 4: V
u
= * -
= kN
~Moment diagram
At point 1: M
u
=
= kNm
At point 2: M
u
= kNm
At point 3: M
u
= kNm
At point 4: M
u
= kNm
1276
1276
1945 1945
3.05
634.3
658.7 658.7
1276 658.7
1276 658.7
1935
1935
1935
1935
-1086
634.3 3.048 1276
3.05
634.3
634.3 0.3 1276
-1086
634.3 3.048 1276
657
634.3 0.3 1276
1408.4
657
-184
-749.9
-813.1
wl
2

2

kN kN
LOAD DIAGRAM
(kN)
300 300
kN/m kN/m
SHEAR
DIAGRAM
MOMENT
DIAGRAM
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN OF STRAP FOOTING
~design footing strap as a reinforced concrete beam
~yield strenght of rebar = N/mm
2
~strenght of concrete = N/mm
2
1. Design footing strap
* assume x footing strap and the reinforcement is H 25
* top cover mm
* effective depth, d = mm
* depth to comression. rebar d' = mm
1276
2748
634.3 634.3
1276
2.90 2.90
410
25
375 1050
2748 -96
50
987.5
87.5
P
ua
P
ub
1
4
3 2
0
+657
+657
-1086
-1086
1
4
3
2
0
-184
+1408.4
-813.1
-749.9
(b) design flexural reinforcement
maximum factored moment at point 4, M
u
= kNm
(K) (K' )
k = M = > ==> compression bar is required
f
cu
* b * d
2
As' = (K -K' )f
cu
b d
2
lever arm, z = d 0.5 + 0.25 - kK' 0.87*f
y
*(d -d' )
0.9
= mm2
z = mm
As = k'f
cu
bd
2
+ As'
0.87*f
y
*z
= mm2
provide 12 H 25 = mm2
check area of steel provide 0.4% < 100A
s
A
c
100A
s
= ==> area of steel provide within the limit specified by code
A
c
(a) check direct shear
from shear factored diagram, Vu
(max)
= kN
v = V =
N/mm
2
< 0.8 f
cu
BS8110 - table 3.8,3.9
b*d
= N/mm
2
< =======> OK
BS8110
100A
s
= from table 3.9
b*d
v
c
=
0.72 - v
c
= 1.5-1.439
0.72-0.8 1.5-2
v
c
=
from table 3.9 BS 8110, this ultimate shear stress is not excessive, therefore h
h = will be suitable
2. Design footing for colum A
assume h = mm
0.1541 0.156
-55.23
771
1408.4
1.591
5130.58
5890
1.496
1086
1.5 0.72
1.591 v
c
2.932
2.932 4.00
0.735
1050
450
0.735 2 0.8
dia. bar = 25 mm
d = 600 - cover -dia. main bar - dia. secondary bar
d = mm
a
= P
a
+ V
Ra = kN
use x = kN/m
2
earth pressure = = kN/m
net upward pressure = - h x 24 x g
F
~at column face = kN/m
2
shear stress, v
c
= N
col. Perimeter x d
= < 0.8 f
cu
( )
punching shear
critical perimeter = column perimeter + 8(1.5d)
= mm
area within perimeter = (400+3h)
2
- (4-pi)(1.5h)
2
= mm2
punching shear force V = -
= kN
punching shear stress v = V
perimeter x d
= N/mm2 < 0.8 f
cu
( )
100A
s
= = BS8110
bd from table 3.9
v
c
=
0.34 - v
c
= 0.15-0.158
0.34-0.4 0.15-0.25
v
c
=
362.5
1289 153.7
8.388
153.7
1289
2.75 3.05 8.388
2671388.2
138.5 8.388 2.67
138.5
2.963 3.578
5550
2750 362.5
0.15 0.34
792.1
0.394 3.578
100 1608 0.161
0.161 v
c
0.347 0.25 0.4
0.347
450
(b) bending reinforcement
at column face which is the critical section
M = Fl
= x x x
= kNm
the location of zero shear ia at
X = 1.575*335/(335+402)
= m from inside face of column
M
u
= 0.156f
cu
bd
2
= kNm > kNm
k = M = <
f
cu
* b * d
2
compression bar is not required
A
s
= M
0.87 f
y
z
lever arm, z = d 0.5 + 0.25 - k
0.9
z = mm
A
s
=
mm
2
provide H As = mm
2
or H16 @ 150 c/c
100A
s
= > 0.13 as required by code
b*h
~check on shear stress
v = V = N/mm
2
< N/mm
2
bd
therefore section is adequate in shear.
3. Design footing for colum B
assume h = mm
dia. bar = 25 mm
0.358
108.3
0.716
1409 108.3
153.7 2.75 0.716
8 16 1608
0.161
0.0000210 0.156
281.6
1078
0.347
450
1289 153.7
8.388
0.154
d = mm
b
= P
b
+ V
R
b
= kN
use x = kN/m
2
F
2
shear stress, v
c
= N
col. Perimeter x d
= < 0.8 f
cu
N/mm
2
punching shear
= mm
2
- (4-pi)(1.5h)
2
= mm
2
= kN
perimeter x d
=
N/mm
2
< 0.8 f
cu
( )
100A
s
= = BS8110
bd from table 3.9
v
c
=
0.34 - v
c
= 0.15-0.158
0.34-0.4 0.15-0.25
v
c
=
M = Fl
= x x x
362.5
1289
153.7
8.388
153.7
138.5
2.75 3.05 8.388
1289
138.5 8.388 2.67
792.10
2.963 3.578
5550
2671388.2
0.394 3.578
100 1608 0.161
0.161 v
c
0.347 0.25 0.4
2750 362.5
0.15 0.34
0.347
450
153.7 2.75 0.716 0.358
= kNm
X = 1.575*335/(335+402)
M
u
= 0.156f
cu
bd
2
= kNm > kNm
k = M = <
f
cu
* b * d
2
A
s
= M
0.87 f
y
z
lever arm, z = d 0.5 + 0.25 - k
0.9
z = mm
A
s
=
mm
2
provide H As = mm
2
or H16 @ 150 c/c
100A
s
b*h
v = V = N/mm
2
< N/mm
2
bd
0.0001560 0.156
281.6
1078
108.3
0.716
1409 108.3
0.347
1289 153.7
8.388
0.154
8 16 1608
0.161
STRAP FOOTINGS
STRAP #3
Design assumptions
A B
DL DL
LL LL
P
a
P
b
LL LL
e = mm
= m
L = mm
= m
a
* e
= kNm
= kNm/m
3.35 3.35
150 5700 150
100
3.05 3.05
525 525
1050 1050
6096
5796
525 525
1.524
1575 1575
1.525 3048 1.525
3048
3.048
1600
3048
1524
525
R
b
R
a
N
1
N
2
a
= P
a
+ V
Ra = kN
= kN/m2

use x = kN/m2
e = mm
= m
L = mm
= m
b
* e
= kNm
= kNm/m
b
= P
b
+ V
R
b
= kN
= kN/m2

use x = kN/m2
STRAP
A B
= kN
= kN
ua
= P
a
* e ~M
ub
= P
b
* e
3.05 3.35 10.22
3048
1575
100
15.75
3048
3.048
1600
525
1524
1.524
3.35 3.35
1575
100
15.75
3.05 3.35 10.22
1575
1575
3.05 3.05
= kN = kN
~Factored shear, V
ua
= M/L ~V
ub
= M/L
= kN = kN
= kN
= kN/m
= kN
= kN/m
~Shear diagram
At point 1: V
u
= * -
= kN
At point 2: V
u
= * -
= kN
At point 3: V
u
= * -
= kN
At point 4: V
u
= * -
= kN
~Moment diagram
At point 1: M
u
=
= kNm
At point 2: M
u
= kNm
At point 3: M
u
= kNm
At point 4: M
u
= kNm

kN kN
LOAD DIAGRAM
(kN)
300 300
2400 2400
3.05
774.6
787.5 787.5
1575 787.5
1575 787.5
2363
2363
2363
2363
-1343
774.6 3.048 1575
3.05
774.6
774.6 0.3 1575
-1343
774.6 3.048 1575
786
774.6 0.3 1575
1706.7
1575
786
-228
-964.7
2748
1575
2.90 2.90
2748 0
-964.69
P
ua
P
ub
wl
2

2
kN/m kN/m
SHEAR
DIAGRAM
MOMENT
DIAGRAM
2
2
* top cover mm
u
= kNm
(K) (K' )
f
cu
* b * d
2
As' = (K -K' )f
cu
b d
2
lever arm, z = d 0.5 + 0.25 - kK' 0.87*f
y
*(d -d' )
0.9
= mm2
z = mm
As = k'f
cu
bd
2
+ As'
0.87*f
y
*z
774.6 774.6
410
25
375 1050
0.1867 0.156
873.9
697.5
50
987.5
87.5
1706.7
1
4
3 2
0
+786
+786
-1343
-1343
1
4
3
2
0
-228
+1706.7
-964.69
-964.7
= mm2
s
A
c
100A
s
A
c
(max)
= kN
v = V =
N/mm
2
< 0.8 f
cu
BS8110 - table 3.8,3.9
b*d
= N/mm
2
< =======> OK
BS8110
100A
s
= from table 3.9
b*d
v
c
=
0.72 - v
c
= 1.5-1.439
0.72-0.8 1.5-2
v
c
=
assume h = mm
dia. bar = 25 mm
d = mm
a
= P
a
+ V
Ra = kN
use x = kN/m
2
F
2
shear stress, v
c
= N
col. Perimeter x d
= < 0.8 f
cu
( )
1.856
6606.19
6872
1.745
1343
1.5 0.72
1.856 v
c
3.626
3.626 4.00
0.777
1050
450
362.5
0.777 2 0.8
1575 187.8
8.388
187.8
1575
2.75 3.05 8.388
172.7
3.621 3.578
punching shear
= mm
2
- (4-pi)(1.5h)
2
= mm2
= kN
perimeter x d
= N/mm2 < 0.8 f
cu
( )
100A
s
= = < BS8110
bd from table 3.9
v
c
=
0.34 - v
c
= 0.15-0.158
0.34-0.4 0.15-0.25
v
c
=
M = Fl
= x x x
= kNm
X = 1.575*335/(335+402)
M
u
= 0.156f
cu
bd
2
= kNm > kNm
k = M = <
f
cu
* b * d
2
A
s
= M
0.87 f
y
z
lever arm, z = d 0.5 + 0.25 - k
0.15
2671388.2
172.7 8.388 2.67
5550
3350 362.5
0.15 0.34
987.2
0.491 3.578
100 1608 0.132
0.358
0.132 v
c
0.340 0.25 0.4
161.2
0.716
1717 161.2
0.329
450
187.8 3.35 0.716
0.0000210 0.156
0.9
z = mm
A
s
=
mm
2
provide H As = mm
2
or H16 @ 150 c/c
100A
s
b*h
v = V = N/mm
2
< N/mm
2
bd
assume h = mm
dia. bar = 25 mm
d = mm
b
= P
b
+ V
R
b
= kN
use x = kN/m
2
F
2
shear stress, v
c
= N
col. Perimeter x d
= < 0.8 f
cu
N/mm
2
punching shear
= mm
2
- (4-pi)(1.5h)
2
= mm
2
= kN
8 16 1608
0.132
281.6
1605
0.34
450
362.5
1575
1575 187.8
8.388
0.155
187.8
8.388
187.8
172.7
2.75 3.05 8.388
1575
172.7 8.388 2.67
987.18
3.621 3.578
5550
2671388.2
perimeter x d
=
N/mm
2
< 0.8 f
cu
( )
100A
s
= = < BS8110
bd from table 3.9
v
c
=
0.34 - v
c
= 0.15-0.158
0.34-0.4 0.15-0.25
v
c
=
M = Fl
= x x x
= kNm
X = 1.575*335/(335+402)
M
u
= 0.156f
cu
bd
2
= kNm > kNm
k = M = <
f
cu
* b * d
2
A
s
= M
0.87 f
y
z
lever arm, z = d 0.5 + 0.25 - k
0.9
z = mm
A
s
=
mm
2
provide H As = mm
2
or H16 @ 150 c/c
100A
s
b*h
0.491 3.578
100 1608 0.132 0.15
0.132 v
c
0.340 0.25 0.4
3350 362.5
0.15 0.34
0.329
450
187.8 3.35 0.716 0.358
8 16 1608
0.132
0.0001560 0.156
281.6
1605
161.2
0.716
1717 161.2
v = V = N/mm
2
< N/mm
2
bd
0.34
1575 187.8
8.388
0.155
STRAP FOOTINGS
STRAP #3a
Design assumptions
A B
DL DL
LL LL
P
a
P
b
LL LL
e = mm
= m
L = mm
= m
a
* e
= kNm
= kNm/m
3.05 3.05
150 5700 150
100
3.05 3.05
525 525
1050 1050
6096
5796
525 525
1.524
1575 1575
1.525 3048 1.525
3048
3.048
1600
3048
1524
525
R
b
R
a
N
1
N
2
5706/STRAP#3/19
a
= P
a
+ V
Ra = kN
= kN/m2

use x = kN/m2
e = mm
= m
L = mm
= m
b
* e
= kNm
= kNm/m
b
= P
b
+ V
R
b
= kN
= kN/m2

use x = kN/m2
STRAP
A B
= kN
= kN
ua
= P
a
* e ~M
ub
= P
b
* e
3.05 3.05 9.303
3048
1575
100
15.75
3048
3.048
1600
525
1524
1.524
3.05 3.05
1575
100
15.75
3.05 3.05 9.303
1575
1575
3.05 3.05
5706/STRAP#3/20
= kN = kN
~Factored shear, V
ua
= M/L ~V
ub
= M/L
= kN = kN
= kN
= kN/m
= kN
= kN/m
~Shear diagram
At point 1: V
u
= * -
= kN
At point 2: V
u
= * -
= kN
At point 3: V
u
= * -
= kN
At point 4: V
u
= * -
= kN
~Moment diagram
At point 1: M
u
=
= kNm
At point 2: M
u
= kNm
At point 3: M
u
= kNm
At point 4: M
u
= kNm

2400 2400
3.05
774.6
787.5 787.5
1575 787.5
1575 787.5
2363
2363
2363
2363
-1343
774.6 3.048 1575
3.05
774.6
774.6 0.3 1575
-1343
774.6 3.048 1575
786
774.6 0.3 1575
1706.7
786
-228
-964.7
-964.69
wl
2

2
5706/STRAP#3/21
kN kN
LOAD DIAGRAM
(kN)
300 300
kN/m kN/m
SHEAR
DIAGRAM
MOMENT
DIAGRAM
2
2
* top cover mm
u
= kNm
(K) (K' )
1575
2748
774.6 774.6
1575
2.90 2.90
410
25
375 1050
2748 0
50
987.5
87.5
1706.7
P
ua
P
ub
1
4
3 2
0
+786
+786
-1343
-1343
1
4
3
2
0
-228
+1706.7
-964.69
-964.7
5706/STRAP#3/22
f
cu
* b * d
2
As' = (K -K' )f
cu
b d
2
lever arm, z = d 0.5 + 0.25 - kK' 0.87*f
y
*(d -d' )
0.9
= mm2
z = mm
As = k'f
cu
bd
2
+ As'
0.87*f
y
*z
= mm2
s
A
c
100A
s
A
c
(max)
= kN
v = V =
N/mm
2
< 0.8 f
cu
BS8110 - table 3.8,3.9
b*d
= N/mm
2
< =======> OK
BS8110
100A
s
= from table 3.9
b*d
v
c
=
0.72 - v
c
= 1.5-1.439
0.72-0.8 1.5-2
v
c
=
assume h = mm
dia. bar = 25 mm
d = mm
a
= P
a
+ V
Ra = kN
use x = kN/m
2
0.1867 0.156
873.9
697.5
1.856
6606.19
6872
1.745
1343
1.5 0.72
1.856 v
c
3.626
3.626 4.00
0.777
1050
450
362.5
0.777 2 0.8
1575
3.05 3.05 9.303
5706/STRAP#3/23
F
2
shear stress, v
c
= N
col. Perimeter x d
= < 0.8 f
cu
( )
punching shear
= mm
2
- (4-pi)(1.5h)
2
= mm2
= kN
perimeter x d
= N/mm2 < 0.8 f
cu
( )
100A
s
= = < BS8110
bd from table 3.9
v
c
=
0.34 - v
c
= 0.15-0.158
0.34-0.4 0.15-0.25
v
c
=
M = Fl
= x x x
= kNm
1575 169.3
9.303
169.3
2671388.2
154.2 9.303 2.67
154.2
3.621 3.578
5550
1023
0.508 3.578
100 1608 0.145 0.15
0.145 v
c
0.340 0.25 0.4
3050 362.5
0.15 0.34
0.337
450
169.3 3.05 0.716 0.358
132.3
5706/STRAP#3/24
X = 1.575*335/(335+402)
M
u
= 0.156f
cu
bd
2
= kNm > kNm
k = M = <
f
cu
* b * d
2
A
s
= M
0.87 f
y
z
lever arm, z = d 0.5 + 0.25 - k
0.9
z = mm
A
s
=
mm
2
provide H As = mm
2
or H16 @ 150 c/c
100A
s
b*h
v = V = N/mm
2
< N/mm
2
bd
assume h = mm
dia. bar = 25 mm
d = mm
b
= P
b
+ V
R
b
= kN
use x = kN/m
2
F
2
0.0000210 0.156
281.6
1317
0.716
1563 132.3
1575 169.3
9.303
0.153
8 16 1608
0.145
3.05 3.05 9.303
1575
0.34
450
362.5
1575
169.3
9.303
169.3
154.2
5706/STRAP#3/25
shear stress, v
c
= N
col. Perimeter x d
= < 0.8 f
cu
N/mm
2
punching shear
= mm
2
- (4-pi)(1.5h)
2
= mm
2
= kN
perimeter x d
=
N/mm
2
< 0.8 f
cu
( )
100A
s
= = < BS8110
bd from table 3.9
v
c
=
0.34 - v
c
= 0.15-0.158
0.34-0.4 0.15-0.25
v
c
=
M = Fl
= x x x
= kNm
X = 1.575*335/(335+402)
M
u
= 0.156f
cu
bd
2
= kNm > kNm
k = M = <
f
cu
* b * d
2
A
s
= M
3.621 3.578
5550
2671388.2
100 1608 0.145 0.15
154.2 9.303 2.67
v
c
0.340 0.25 0.4
3050 362.5
0.15 0.34
132.3
0.716
1563 132.3
0.337
450
169.3 3.05 0.716
0.0001560 0.156
1022.66
0.358
0.145
0.508 3.578
5706/STRAP#3/26
0.87 f
y
z
lever arm, z = d 0.5 + 0.25 - k
0.9
z = mm
A
s
=
mm
2
provide H As = mm
2
or H16 @ 150 c/c
100A
s
b*h
v = V = N/mm
2
< N/mm
2
bd
8 16 1608
0.145
281.6
1317
0.34
1575 169.3
9.303
0.153
5706/STRAP#3/27

Strap #1: Design Assumptions

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Strap #1: Design Assumptions

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