Chemical reactions

Sulphur and Oxygen

Observations: White smoke, sulphur turns red/gold then black, and then catch fire. Smells
acrid, violet flame.
EQ: Sulphur + Oxygen Sulphur Dioxide
S8 + 8O2 8SO2

Carbon and Oxygen
Observations: Carbon burns with yellow/orange flame,
EQ: Carbon + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide
C + O2 CO2

Magnesium and Oxygen
Observations: White smoke and as (MgO), rapid reaction
EQ: Magnesium + Oxygen Magnesium Oxide
2Mg + O2 2MgO

Iron and Oxygen
Observations: Sparks, orange glow/flame, oxidation reaction
EQ: Iron + Oxygen Iron Oxide
4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3

Iron and Sulphur
Observations: Start with grey metal and crystalized yellow solid, sulphur melts, red hot glow
in tube, end up with a grey non-metallic non-magnetic solid.
EQ: Iron + Sulphur Iron Sulphide
Fe + S FeS

Aluminium and Oxygen
Observations: Silver metal blackens
EQ: Aluminium + Oxygen Aluminium Oxide
4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3

Copper and Oxygen
Observations: Copper heats up, forms black coating (CuO)
EQ: Copper + Oxygen Copper Oxide
2Cu + O2 2CuO

Aluminium and Iodine
Observations: Violet gas, orange flame, redox reaction
EQ: Aluminium + Iodine Aluminium Iodide
Al + 3I Al I3

Aluminium and Bromine
Observations: Doesnt require water or heat to start, rapid reaction, white/yellow sparks,
white/brown smoke (AlBr3)
EQ: Aluminium + Bromine Aluminium Bromide
Al + 3Br AlBr3
Precipitation reactions

Colours:
Copper = blue
Iron II = green
Iron III = brown
Silver Oxide = brown
Silver Nitrate = white, purple in sunlight
Copper Oxide = black
Lead Iodide = yellow

IF YOU ADD EXCESS CO2 TO LIMEWATER IT GOES BACK TO A SOLUBLE LIQUID
CO2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq) CaCO3(s) - Without excess
3CO2(g) + 2CaCO3(s) 2Ca(HCO3)2(aq) - With excess

Thermal Decomposition Reactions

Metal hydroxides Metal oxide + water
Metal carbonates Metal oxide + carbon dioxide
Metal hydrogen carbonates Metal carbonate + carbon dioxide + water

Sodium and Potassium carbonates cannot be decomposed by heating, they are thermally
stable.

Catalytic Decomposition Reactions

Hydrogen Peroxide
Use catalyst, either manganese dioxide or potassium iodide which provides and alternate
pathway for the particles to collide or forms intermediate compound and then produces the
same end product, requires less energy.
Observations: Vigorous fizzing, hot tube
EQ: Hydrogen Peroxide Oxygen + Water
2H2O2 O2 + 2H2O

Displacement Reactions

More reactive metal/substance displaces the other because it is more reactive.
Ionic EQ = Atom that loses electrons become ion. Ion gains ions to become atom.
REDOX = LEO goes GER