A

GRADUATE REPORT
ON
NEED OF ROAD MAINTENANCE
(Highway Planning Materials and Constr!tion"
(CE#$%%"
PREPARED BY
&O'AN(I U))*A' )+
OF
M+Tte!h#I# Ci,il Engineering
TRAN&PORTATION ENGINEERING AND P'ANNING
(RO'' NO+- P./TP0$%"
FACU'T1 AD*I&OR
Dr+ N+C+ &hah
&hri A+ )+ &olan2i
DEPARTMENT OF CI*I' ENGINEERING
&ARDAR *A''A3H3HAI NATIONA' IN&TITUTE OF TECHNO'OG1
&URAT#4/5..$6 GU)ARAT+
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NEED OF ROAD MAINTENANCE
INTRODUCTION
Road maintenance is an im*ortant acti+ity o, e+ery Road de*artment- &he sa,ety and
con+enience o, tra,,ic using the road are go+erned to a large e.tent /y the 0uality o,
maintenance- &he o*eration 1 economics o, road trans*ort is in,luenced /y the degree o,
maintenance im*arted to the road- &he li,e o, an asset can /e *reser+ed and *rolonged i,
ade0uate maintenance measures are underta2en well in time- !n de+elo*ing countries3 stage
construction o, *a+ements is o,ten resorted to3 with lesser *a+ement thic2ness and lower
s*eci,ications than needed ,or a ,ull design- &he *ro*er maintenance o, roads3 there,ore3
assumes greater signi,icance in such situations-
&he term Road Engineering is de,ined as the *reser+ing and 2ee*ing o, each roadway3
structure and ,acility as nearly as *ossi/le in its original condition as constructed or as
su/se0uently im*ro+ed and such additional wor2 as is necessary to 2ee* sa,e mo+ement o,
tra,,ic-
&he Road maintenance is a challenging to the engineering com*etence- &he street and
road networ2 is a dynamic system su/4ect to en+ironmental and o*erational in,luence- !n ,act3
the e,,icient road maintenance is an e.tremely challenging management *ro/lem-
&he 4o/ o, road engineer is not only to design and construct the road /ut to *ro+ide a
com,orta/le3 economic and sa,e sur,ace ,or modern high5s*eed +ehicles- &he concerned
highway agency must maintain and re*air highways in such a way that they are ,ree o, danger
,or all who use them-
&he road maintenance consists o, correcting de,iciencies in the road which ha+e
de+elo*ed as the result o, age wear3 weather and damage and ta2ing ste*s to *re+ent or delay
the de+elo*ment o, other de,iciencies- !n this way3 there are two ty*es o, maintenance3
namely3 *re+enti+e and /rea2down- !n *re+enti+e maintenance3 an attem*t is made to
antici*ate *otential ,ailure and to do something to *re+ent or delay the ,ailure- !n /rea2down
maintenance the ,ailure has already occurred and ste*s or measure must /e ta2en to determine
and correct the clause as well as to re*air the damage that has ta2en *lace-
NEED FOR MAINTENANCE
A highway ,acilities deteriorates in its le+el o, ser+icea/ility due to +arious causes-
&hese are
%" Tra77i! 7a!tors
&he tra,,ic o*erating on the ,acility can cause di,,erent ty*e o, distress li2e ra+eling3
rutting3 corrugation3 crac2ing3 loss o, material3 loss o, s2id resistance3 and structural
de,ormation3 &he e.tent o, deterioration de*ends u*on the intensity o, tra,,ic3 es*ecially the
wheel load and its re*etitions-
8" En,iron9ental 7a!tors
&he e.ternal in,luence o, en+ironmental ,actors such as rain,all3 snow,all3 tem*erature
+ariations and atmos*heric condition can also cause deterioration o, the *a+ement- Rain,all
cause erosion o, shoulder and slo*es and ingress o, water into the *a+ement structure and
su/grade and a,,ects the *er,ormance o, drainage structure- Snow,all can cause ingress o,
moisture into the *a+ement structure and su/grade and result in ,rost action- !t can also
disru*t tra,,ic- &em*erature +ariation can ad+ersely a,,ect the *er,ormance o, /ituminous
sur,aces and cement concrete *a+ements- Atmos*heric action can o.idies the /inder and
cause deterioration-
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!n addition to a/o+e the e.tent o, deterioration and its rate are go+erned /y the
standards to which a ,acility was designed initially- !, ,acility is designed to higher standards
initially3 its maintenance needs will /e lower ,or the ,acility designed to lower standards
initially-
&he economic /ene,its o, a well *lanned maintenance *olicy are7
)8 Reduction in road user costs3 such as +ehicle o*erating costs3 such as +ehicle
o*erating costs3 tra+el time sa+ings and accidents costs-
68 Reduction in the le+el o, ,uture maintenance and reha/ilitation costs
98 Reduction or *re+entation o, the economic loss due to road closures-
From the a/o+e3 it is clear that a good *olicy o, road maintenance should /e one o,
the aims o, any road de*artment-
Maintenan!e Pra!ti!e in India+
Roads are maintained in !ndia through the P:D5Pu/lic :or2s De*artment3 #illa
Panchayat3 National Highways are maintained /y Sate P:Ds who are agents to the ;entral
<o+ernment3 who *ro+ide necessary ,unds to the same- &he maintenance is generally done
/y la/our intensi+e methods-
&y*es o, maintenance o*eration7
!n !ndia3 maintenance o*erations ,all under the ,ollowing grou*s
)8 Rotine 9aintenan!e3 including *atching3 earthwor23 shoulder3 drainage3 road
,urniture3 road signs3 ar/oriculture-
68 Periodi! 9aintenan!e6 including renewals o, sur,ace at s*eci,ied inter+als-
98 &:e!ial 9aintenan!e6 such as ,lood damage restoration3 ma4or *ainting o, street
girders etc-
Assess9ent o7 Maintenan!e Needs
&ill recently3 the assessment o, maintenance needs was done /y intuition and *ast
e.*erience o, the highway engineer- He used to tra+el on this road3 +isually ins*ecting the
condition o, the sur,ace and its e.tent o, deterioration- &he tra+el in ins*ection +ehicles used
to ena/les him to 4udge the riding 0uality- His accumulated e.*erience used to guide him in
determining the *eriodicity and s*eci,ication ,or resur,acing and resealing-
=aintenance needs are assessed e+ery year as *art o, *lanning o, maintenance- &he
assessment is done on the /asis o, condition sur+eys3 which can ta2e +arious ,orms such as 7
>isual rating
Roughness measurements
Ben2elman Beam De,lection measurements
S2id Resistance =easurements
>isual rating is a sim*le method o, ins*ecting the *a+ement sur,ace ,or detecting and
assessing the ty*e and se+erity o, the damage- =ani,estation o, distress or damage occurs in
the ,orm o,
)8 Rutting
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68 ;orrugations
98 Ra+elling3
'8 Flushing
?8 Potholes
@8 Alligator crac2ing
(8 &rans+erse crac2ing
A8 Longitudinal crac2ing
De*ressions3 settlement3 *olished sur,ace3 strea2ing3 hungry sur,ace3 edge crac2ing3
re,lection crac2ing3 shrin2age crac2ing3 de,ormation3 sli**age3 sho+ing3 stri**ing3
disintegration3 loss o, aggregate3 and edge ,ailure etc- &hese ser+icea/ility indicators are to /e
2e*t intact through *ro*er maintenance cycles methodology and strategies-
&he most common road characteristics used ,or this *ur*ose is roughness- !t is
generally o/ser+ed that a road deteriorates in its roughness o+er time under tra,,ic3 due
crac2ing3 ra+elling3 rutting de,ormation etc- :hen the deterioration reaches such a le+el that
the road user costs mount u*3 it is ad+isa/le to resur,ace the road and restore it to its original
condition-
&his *rinci*le is illustrated in Fig BBB - &he cur+es *ertaining to road deterioration as
a ,unction o, age C or e0ui+alent standard a.les8 can /e constructed a,ter care,ul research-
FAI'URE OF PA*EMENT&
&he *a+ements are /roadly classi,ied into two categories namely3 ,le.i/le *a+ement
and rigid *a+ements- &here are s*eci,ic causes which contri/ute to the ,ailure o, each ty*e
and they will /e now /rie,ly descri/ed as ,ollows7
! Failure in Fle.i/le *a+ement
!! Failure in Rigid *a+ement-
I FAI'URE& IN F'E;I3'E PA*EMENT&
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&he term ,le.i/le *a+ement ,ailure is de,ined /y localiDed de*ressions or settlements-
&he de*ressions are normally ,ollowed with hea+ing in the +icinity and the se0uence
ultimately leads to the ,ormation o, wa+y *a+ement sur,ace-
LOAD:earing
Sur,ace
Base ;ourse
Su/5/ase course

Soil Su/ grade
Figre#% Failres in s<grade
&he localiDed de*ression may de+elo* due to the ,ailure o, any com*onent layer o,
the ,le.i/le *a+ement structure- Fig )3 Fig56 and Fig59 shows res*ecti+ely ,ailures in ,le.i/le
*a+ements due to ,ailure in su/ grade3 ,ailures in /ase or su/5/ase course and ,ailure in
wearing course- !t is there,ore a/solutely necessary to see that each layer is *ro*erly designed
and laid so that it is sta/le within itsel, and thus assists in the o+erall sta/ility o, the ,le.i/le
*a+ement- &he arrows in the ,igures indicate the direction o, u*hea+al due to the mo+ement
o, material ,rom the layer-

Failre in s<grade- Following are two main reasons ,or ,ailure in the su/ grade7
C)8 E=!essi,e stress a::li!ation7 !, the *a+ement thic2ness is inade0uate or the loads
are in e.cess o, the design +alue3 the e.cessi+e stress is de+elo*ed and it harms as
load re*etitions are increased-
C68 In ade>ate sta<ility7 &he resistance to de,ormation under stress is 2nown as
sta/ility- &he inade0uate sta/ility o, the su/ grade is de+elo*ed due to the inherent
wea2ness o, the soil itsel, or e.cessi+e moisture or im*ro*er com*action-
LOAD
Base ;ourse
Su/ /ase
course

Soil su/ grade

Figre#8 Failre in 3ase !orse
Failre in s<#<ase or <ase !orse - &he main reason which contri/ute to the ,ailure in su/5
/ase or /ase course can /e mentioned as ,ollows
(%" Inade>ate strength-#
&he *oor mi. *ro*ortioning or inade0uate thic2ness o, *a+ement may lead to the lac2
o, sta/ility or strength o, su/5/ase or /ase course-
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(8" In ade>ate wearing !orse -
!, the wearing course is o, inade0uate thic2ness or i, it is totally a/sent3 the su/5/ase
or /ase course are e.*osed to the damaging e,,ects o, the climatic agencies and the tra,,ic-
(4" 'a!2 o7 lateral !on7ine9ent-5
!, lateral con,inement is not *ro+ided ,or granular su/5/ase or /ase course3 the action
o, tra,,ic causes the materials o, these course to s*read out-
(0"'oss o7 <inding a!tion-5
&he re*eated stress a**lications lead to the internal mo+ements o, aggregate in su/5
/ase or /ase course and ultimately the com*osite mass or structure o, the layers gets
distur/ed- &hus the loss o, /inding action is de+elo*ed and lead to the low sta/ility and *oor
load transmitting *ro*erty o, the *a+ement layer-
(5"'oss o7 9aterials -5
!, the /ase course is not co+ered with a wearing course or i, the wearing course has
com*letely worn out3 there are chances o, loss o, /ase course materials due action o, tra,,ic
and it leads to the ,ormation o, *ot holes on the sur,ace-
(?"Use o7 in7erior 9aterials -5
!, the materials em*loyed in the construction o, ,le.i/le *a+ements do not com*ly
with the standard re0uirements3 the structural /eha+ior o, the *a+ement is a,,ected-
Failre in wearing !orse -5
&he ,ailures in wearing course are attri/uted to the ,ollowing reasons7
(%"'a!2 o7 :ro:er 9i= design-5
!, the mi. design does not *ro+ide ,or ade0uate /inder content3 the /ituminous sur,ace
will e.hi/it *oor *er,ormance under the action o, tra,,ic-
(8"@ality !ontrol -#
!t is necessary to *ro+ide a high degree o, 0uality control in the /ituminous
construction- &he resulting *a+ing mi. should contain 4ust enough /inder content only-
(4"*olatiliAation and o=idation o7 <inder -#
&he /ituminous sur,ace /ecomes /rittle due to +olatiliDation and o.idation o, /inder-
!t results in the crac2ing o, *a+ement sur,ace which ,urther *ermits the see*age o, rain water
to cause damage to the underlying-
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Figre#4 Failre in wearing !orse
II Failres in rigid :a,e9ents-
A well designed and *ro*erly constructed cement concrete *a+ement needs hardly any
maintenance- !n,act3 this is one o, the strong *oints o, this s*eci,ication- Howe+er3 de,ects
due to ,ollowing reason there are the two main ,actor which are res*onsi/le ,or ,ailures in
rigid *a+ements or cement concrete *a+ements-
C)8 De7i!ien!y o7 :a,e9ent 9aterials- &he +arious de,ects o, rigid *a+ements are
due to *oor wor2manshi*3 use o, so,t aggregates3 *oor sur,ace ,inish3 im*ro*er
curing3 and *oor 0uality o, 4oin ,iller-
C68 &tr!tral inade>a!y7 !, the *a+ement system is structurally unsta/le such as
inade0uate *a+ement thic2ness3 inade0uate su/ grade su**ort3 *oor su/ grade
soil3 incorrect s*acing o, 4oints3 etc- the rigid *a+ement de+elo* +arious ,ailure in
the ,orm o, widening o, 4oints3 crac2ing o, sla/ corners etc-
T1PICA' F'E;I3'E PA*EMENT FAI'URE&
Following are some o, the ty*ical ,le.i/le *a+ement ,ailures7
C)8 Alligator or ma* crac2ing
C68 ;onsolidation o, *a+ement layers
C98 Formation o, wa+es-
C'8 Frost hea+ing
C?8 Lac2 o, /inding with lower course
C@8 Longitudinal crac2ing
C(8 Re,lection crac2ing
CA8 Shear ,ailure
Each o, a/o+e ty*ical ,le.i/le *a+ement ,ailure will now /e /rie,ly descri/ed-
(%" Alligator or 9a: !ra!2ing
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Figre#0 Alligator or 9a: !ra!2ing
&he alligator or ma* crac2ing o, the sur,ace course occurs in the *attern as shown in
Fig5'- &his is most common ty*e o, ,le.i/le *a+ement ,ailure- !t mainly occurs due to ,atigue
and localiDed wea2ness in the underlying /ase course-
(8" Consolidation o7 :a,e9ent layers-
&he consolidation o, one or more layers o, *a+ement leads to the ,ormation o, ruts3
as shown in Fig-5?- &he term consolidation de,ormation is used to indicate the cumulati+e
de,ormation which occurs due to the re*eated a**lication o, loads on the same s*ot in the
road width- De*ending u*on the width o, ruts3 it can /e decided whether the consolidation
de,ormation has occurred in the su/ grade or in su/se0uent layers-
Figre#5 For9ation o7 rts+
(4" For9ation o7 wa,es - &he ,ormation o, wa+es and corrugation on the ,le.i/le *a+ement
sur,ace ta2es *lace ,or the ,ollowing reasons7
Ci8 E.cessi+e s*eed o, +ehicles com/ined with harmonic s*ring actionE
Cii8 De,ecti+e rolling-
Ciii8 S*ongy ,oundation or su/5/aseE and
Ci+8 "se o, unsuita/le /inding materials-
&he ,ormation o, wa+es and corrugation can /e minimiDed to a great e.tent /y
controlling +ehicle s*eed3 care,ul rolling e,,ecti+e drainage com/ined with ,ormation in good
soils and using a sta/le /inder-
(0" Frost hea,ing -
De*ending u*on the ground water and climatic condition a localiDed hea+ing u* o,
*ortion o, *a+ement ta2es *lace due to the action o, ,rost as shown in ,ig-5@-
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Figre#? Frost Hea,ing+
(5" 'a!2 o7 <inding with the lower !orse-
!, the sur,ace course is not *ro*erly 2eyed or /ound with the lower course3 the
sli**ing occurs and it leads to the loss o, *a+ement materials ,orming *atches or *ot holes3 as
shown in Fig5(- &his ty*e o, ,ailure is common in the case where the /ituminous sur,acing is
*ro+ided o+er the e.isting cement concrete /ase course or soil5cement /ase course-
Figre#$ Failre de to la!2 o7 <inding
(?" 'ongitdinal !ra!2ing-
&he longitudinal crac2ing in *a+ement occurs due to ,rost action and di,,erential
+olume changes in the su/ grade- !t may tra+erse through the ,ull *a+ement thic2ness- &he
other two causes o, this ty*e o, ,ailure are sliding o, side slo*es and settlement o, ,illing
material-
($" Re7le!tion !ra!2ing -
:hen a /ituminous o+erlay is *ro+ided o+er the e.isting cement concrete *a+ement
and i, due to some reason the cement concrete *a+ement and i, due to some reason3 the
cement concrete *a+ement ,ails3 the same *attern o, crac2s in the ,orm o, re,lection crac2s is
seen on the /ituminous o+erlay3 as shown in Fig5A- &he re,lection crac2s do not a,,ect the
structural action o, *a+ement section- But they cause damage to the su/ grade or de+elo*
mud *um*ing as sur,ace water gets entry through these crac2s-
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Figre#B For9ation o7 re7le!tion o7 Cra!2s
CA8 &hear 7ailre -
!, the shearing resistance o, the *a+ement is low3 the shear ,ailure crac2ing occurs3 as
shown in ,ig5%- &he u*hea+al o, *a+ement materials is caused /y the ,ormation o, crac2s- &he
inade0uate sta/ility or e.cessi+ely hea+y loading contri/utes to the *oor shear resistance o,
the *a+ement mi.ture-
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Figre#/ &hear 7ailre
T1PICA' RIGID PA*EMENT FAI'URE&
Following are some o, the ty*ical rigid *a+ement ,ailures7
C)8 =ud *um*ing
C68 Scaling o, cement concrete
C98 Shrin2age crac2s
C'8 S*alling o, 4oints
C?8 Structural crac2s
C@8 :ar*ing crac2s
Each o, the a/o+e ty*ical rigid *a+ement ,ailure will now /e /rie,ly descri/ed-
(%" Md :9:ing-
&he water in,iltrates through the 4oints3 crac2s and edges o, the rigid *a+ements and
,orms the soil slurry 2nown as mud- :hen hea+y load *asses o+er the *a+ement3 the mud is
e4ected out through the 4oints and crac2s o, the *a+ement and thus the mud *um*ing occurs-
Due to re*eated occurrence o, mud *um*ing3 there is considera/le loss o, ,ine grained
soil ,rom the su/grade and it results in lac2 o, su**orts at these *oints- &he continued tra,,ic
mo+ement ,urther de+elo* the crac2ing o, *a+ement and thus the ,ailure o, rigid *a+ement
due to mud *um*ing is generally o, a *rogressi+e nature-
Figre#%. Md P9:ing
(8" &!aling o7 !e9ent !on!rete -
Due to o+erall deterioration o, the concrete3 scaling is o/ser+ed in cement concrete
*a+ement and it mainly occurs due to de,iciency o, concrete mi. or *resence o, some
chemical im*urities which damage the mi.- &he scaling o, cement concrete e.*oses the
aggregate o, the mi. and the *a+ement sur,ace /ecomes rough and sha//y in a**earance-
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(4" &hrin2age !ra!2s
&he shrin2age crac2s are de+elo*ed during the curing o*eration o, cement concrete
*a+ements immediately a,ter their construction and they may /e in trans+erse as well as
longitudinal directions-
(0" &:alling o7 Coints-
&he *re5,ormed ,iller materials are sometimes *laced in an inclined direction during
construction and this ,aulty alignment results in the o+erhang o, a concrete layer on the to*
side- &he 4oint su/se0uently shows e.cessi+e crac2ing and su/sidence-
(5" &tr!tral !ra!2s -
!, the *a+ement thic2ness is inade0uate to ta2e u* the load o, +ehicles3 the structural
crac2ing occurs and generally the *a+ements are ,ound to crac2 at the corner and edges as
shown in 7igire#B+ &he structural crac2s may occur in longitudinal as well as trans+erse
directions- &he ,act that the crac2ing has ta2en *lace due to structural inade0uacy should /e
care,ully ascertained-
(?" Dar:ing !ra!2s -
!, the 4oints are not suita/ly designed to accommodate the war*ing o, sla/s at the
edges3 e.cessi+e war*ing stresses are de+elo*ed and the crac2s on the sla/ are seen in an
irregular *attern- For a+oiding war*ing crac2s3 the hinged 4oints may /e *ro+ided or ade0uate
rein,orcement should /e *laced at the 4oints to ta2e u* the war*ing stresses-
Maintenan!e o7 earth roads
!n general3 it may /e stated that the sur,ace o, earth road will /e easily disru*ted and
more o,ten than other ty*es o, roads and hence3 the earth roads will re0uire ,re0uent
maintenance- Following are usual damages noticed on earth roads7
C)8 Formation o, dust in dry weather
C68 Formation o, cross ruts along the sur,ace a,ter rainy season due to sur,ace water-
C98 Formation o, longitudinal ruts along wheel *ath o, slow mo+ing +ehicle-
For the *ur*ose o, con+enience3 maintenance o, earth roads can /e grou*ed in the ,ollowing
two categories-
(I" Nor9al 9aintenan!e7 &he items attended in normal or day to day maintenance
are as ,ollows-
C)8 Damaged road sur,ace
C68 Road sur,ace *ro*er
C98 Side drains
C'8 Stum*s and roc2s
(II" Pre,enti,e 9aintenan!e- &he *ur*ose o, *re+enti+e maintenance o, earth road
is to ta2e such measures /e,orehand so that the cost o, su/se0uent maintenance is reduced to
a great e.tent- Following are the two ways inn which *re+enti+e measures can /e ta2en7
C)8 ;ontrol o, moisture content
C68 Restricting tra,,ic a,ter rains-
Maintenan!e o7 D+3+M+ roads
&he :-B-=- road sur,ace deteriorates mainly /ecause o, the ,ollowing reasons7
C)8 Fast mo+ing +ehicle
C68 <rinding o, stone
C98 Hoo,s o, the anomals-
&he maintenance o, :-B-=- roads can /e grou*ed in the ,ollowing two categories7
C)8 Normal re*airs
&he items to /e attended in normal re*air as ,ollows7
Ci8 ;leaning o, sur,ace
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Cii8 Re*airs to *ot holes and ruts
Ciii8 Re*lacement o, /lindage-
C68 Sur,ace renewals
Maintenan!e o7 <it9inos roads
&he maintenance o, /ituminous roads naturally +aries o+er an e.tremely wide range
o, *rocesses /ecause there are large +erities o, /ituminous materials and numerous ,orms o,
constructions- &he sur,ace treatments and car*ets are themsel+es maintenance o*erations-
Howe+er3 the selection o, re*air techni0ues in+ol+es a com*arison o, techni0ues ranging
,rom *atching to o+erlays or resur,acing- For success,ul ,unctioning3 the /ituminous roads
re0uire *ro*er timely maintenance- &he maintenance wor2s o, /ituminous sur,aces can /e
grou*ed as ,ollows in ,i+e categories7
C)8 Patch re*air-
C68 Pre+enting s2idding o, +ehicles-
C98 Reducing re,lection crac2ing-
C'8 Stri**ing and ra+eling-
C?8 :a+es and corrugations-
(%" Pat!h re:airs7 &he localiDed de*ression cause *ot holes and the *atch re*airs in+ol+e the
,ollowing o*erations7
Ci8 =ar2ing the *atches
Cii8 ;utting and digging
Ciii8 Filling the holes
Ci+8 Ramming
C+8 sand co+ering
Figre#%% Pat!h
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Figre#%8 Pat!h de to hea,y rain
Figre#%8 Pat!h Re:air with !old 9i=
Figre#%4 Pat!h Re:air <y ra99ing
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Figre#%0 Case stdy o7 Pat!h Re:air in !old region
(8" Pre,enting s2idding o7 ,ehi!les - it has /een noticed that *oor s2id resistance o,,ered /y
the *a+ement sur,ace contri/utes to the large num/er o, accidents on the highways- &he
*resence o, materials li2e clay3 dry sand oil3 grease and water on the *a+ement sur,ace
causes s2idding- &hese materials loosen the gri* /etween tyres o, +ehicles and *a+ement
sur,ace
Pa,e9ent Maintenan!e Measres other than O,erlay
&he *a+ement =aintenance other than o+erlay are the minor maintenance or re*ir
wor2s which are *er,ormed on the *a+ement- &hese wor2s do not enhance the structural
strength o, the *a+ement3 /ut can im*ro+e the ,unctional standards and chec2 the rate o,
deterioration- &hese maintenance measure can /e routine ty*e or *eriodic in nature-
&y*e o, Distress =aintenance =easure
Bloc2 crac2ing A**lication o, new /ituminous coat recycling
Bleeding Sand /lottingF sand /inding
;orrugation Scari,ication o, ele+ated *art /y mechanical /lades and
rolling
De*ression A**lication o, *ro,ile correcti+e course
Loss o, aggregates A**lication o, seal coat3 slurry seal
Pothole Patching and *artial reconstruction
Ra+elling Seal coat3 ,og coat3 or laying o, renewal coat
Rutting ,ailure Pro,ile correcti+e course recycling
Sli**age Re*lacement o, to* wearing coat with *ro*er tac2 coat
Swell or /low u* ;onstruction o, drainage ,acility-
&a/le5) Possi/le sur,ace maintenance measures ,or some *a+ement distress
;onclusion7
Need o, Road maintenance
)?
Highway Planning materials and construction SOLAN! " #
P$%&P'()
E,,icient and e,,ecti+e maintenance management is sim*ly e.*ressed as doing the correct
thing at the correct time and in the correct *lace-
=a2ing good decision regarding road maintenance is a com*le. *rocess that in+ol+es the
right treatment ,or the right road at a right time-
&he *re+enti+e maintenance a**roach through *r*er methodology will not only sa+e our
scare ,unds /ut also *ro+ide a sa,e and com,orta/le ride to our road users-
Re*airing with latest mi.tures o, sur,ace treatments3 such as chi* seal3 li0uid seal3 slurry
seal and ,og seal com*osed o, *olymer modi,ied as*haltemulsion3 crushed aggregates3
mineral ,iller3 water and ,ield control additi+e as needed-
&he tra,,ic on National Highways is li2ely to increase enormously in the ,uturistic
scenario- &o meet the demand o*timally3 and there/y to ensure ra*id economic *rogress
Re,erences7
G)Hadiyali L-R- Highway =aintenance
G6HPratha cha2r/orty and Animesh das Prici*les o, &rans*ortation engineering
G9HRangwala Highway Engineering
G'Hwww-google-com
E5FPa:er GCon!e:tal Maintenan!e and Reha<ilitation &trategies 7or 3it9inos
Con!rete Pa,e9entsH <y Dr+ &+&+&eehra Former Director <rade Scientist I Head3
Rigid Pa+ements Di+ision3 ;RR! ;hie, ;onsultant1Pa+ement and <eotech3 S*an
;onsultant P+t- Ltd-Delhi
G@H www-crri-com
G(H=anual ,or Road maintenance /y =OS&
Need o, Road maintenance
)@