Fiber-reinforced composite

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The examples and perspective in this article may not include all significant viewpoints. Please improve
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A fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) consists of three components: (i) the fibers as the discontinuous or dispersed phase, (ii)
the matrix as the continuous phase, and (iii) the fine interphase reion, also kno!n as the interface
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& 'his is a type of
ad(anced composite roup, !hich makes use of rice husk, rice hull, and plastic as inredients& 'his technoloy in(ol(es a
method of refinin, blendin, and compoundin natural fibers from cellulosic !aste streams to form a hih-strenth fiber
composite material in a polymer matrix& 'he desinated !aste or base ra! materials used in this instance are those of !aste
thermoplastics and (arious cateories of cellulosic !aste includin rice husk and sa! dust&
Fiber-reinforced composite
FRC is hih-performance fiber composite achie(ed and made possible by cross-linkin cellulosic fiber molecules !ith resins in
the FRC material matrix throuh a proprietary molecular re-enineerin process, yieldin a product of exceptional structural
properties&
'hrouh this feat of molecular re-enineerin selected physical and structural properties of !ood are successfully cloned and
(ested in the FRC product, in addition to other critical attributes to yield performance properties superior to contemporary !ood&
'his material, unlike other composites, can be recycled up to %) times, allo!in scrap FRC to be reused aain and aain&
'he failure mechanisms in FRC materials include delamination, intralaminar matrix crackin, lonitudinal matrix splittin,
fiber*matrix debondin, fiber pull-out, and fiber fracture
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&
+ifference bet!een !ood plastic composite and fiber-reinforced composite:
Features Plastic lumber Wood plastic composite FRC Wood
Recyclable Yes No Yes No
House Construction No No Yes Yes
Water Absorption 0.00 0.! and above 0." and belo# $0 and above
[edit]Properties
Tensile %tren&th A%T' ( )"! $*.+ 'Pa
,lexural %tren&th A%T' ( -+0 .!0 'Pa
,lexural 'odulus A%T' ( -+0 $*!. 'Pa
,ailure /oad A%T' ( $-)$ $.* 0N 1 .0.! 0N
Compressive %tren&th .0.-'Pa
Heat Reversion 2% 3N -4" 5 $++* 0.4*
Water Absorption A%T' ( *-0 0."4
Termite Resistant ,R6' Test 'ethod ".)
[edit]Application
'here are also applications in the market, !hich utili,e only !aste materials& -ts most !idespread use is in outdoor deck floors,
but it is also used for railins, fences, landscapin timbers, claddin and sidin, park benches, moldin and trim, !indo! and
door frames, and indoor furniture& .ee for example the !ork of Waste for Life, !hich collaborates !ith arbae sca(enin
cooperati(es to create fiber-reinforced buildin materials and domestic problems from the !aste their members
collect: /omepae of Waste for 0ife
Suitability of FRP for Uses in Structural Engineering
'he strenth properties of FR1s collecti(ely make up one of the primary reasons for !hich ci(il enineers select them in
the desin of structures& A material2s strenth is o(erned by its ability to sustain a load !ithout excessi(e deformation or
failure& When an FR1 specimen is tested in axial tension, the applied force per unit cross-sectional area (stress) is
proportional to the ratio of chane in a specimen2s lenth to its oriinal lenth (strain)& When the applied load is remo(ed,
FR1 returns to its oriinal shape or lenth& -n other !ords, FR1 responds linear-elastically to axial stress&
'he response of FR1 to axial compression is reliant on the relati(e proportion in (olume of fibers, the properties of the
fiber and resin, and the interface bond strenth& FR1 composite compression failure occurs !hen the fibers exhibit
extreme (often sudden and dramatic) lateral or sides-!ay deflection called fiber bucklin&
FR12s response to trans(erse tensile stress is (ery much dependent on the properties of the fiber and matrix, the
interaction bet!een the fiber and matrix, and the strenth of the fiber-matrix interface& 3enerally, ho!e(er, tensile strenth
in this direction is (ery poor&
.hear stress is induced in the plane of an area !hen external loads tend to cause t!o sements of a body to slide o(er
one another& 'he shear strenth of FR1 is difficult to 4uantify& 3enerally, failure !ill occur !ithin the matrix material
parallel to the fibers&
Amon FR12s hih strenth properties, the most rele(ant features include excellent durability and corrosion resistance&
Furthermore, their hih strenth-to-!eiht ratio is of sinificant benefit5 a member composed of FR1 can support larer
li(e loads since its dead !eiht does not contribute sinificantly to the loads that it must bear& 6ther features include ease
of installation, (ersatility, anti-seismic beha(iour, electromanetic neutrality, excellent fatiue beha(iour, and fire
resistance&
/o!e(er, like most structural materials, FR1s ha(e a fe! dra!backs that !ould create some hesitancy in ci(il enineers
to use it for all applications: hih cost, brittle beha(iour, susceptibility to deformation under lon-term loads, 78
deradation, photo-deradation (from exposure to liht), temperature and moisture effects, lack of desin codes, and most
importantly, lack of a!areness&
Applications of FRP Composites in Construction
'here are three broad di(isions into !hich applications of FR1 in ci(il
enineerin can be classified: applications for ne! construction,
repair and rehabilitation applications, and architectural applications&
FR1s ha(e been used !idely by ci(il enineers in the desin of ne!
construction& .tructures such as brides and columns built
completely out of FR1 composites ha(e demonstrated exceptional
durability, and effecti(e resistance to effects of en(ironmental
exposure& 1re-stressin tendons, reinforcin bars, rid reinforcement
(Fiure 9), and do!els are all examples of the many di(erse
applications of FR1 in ne! structures&
6ne of the most common uses for FR1 in(ol(es the repair and
rehabilitation of damaed or deterioratin structures& .e(eral
companies across the !orld are beinnin to !rap damaed bride
piers to pre(ent collapse and steel-reinforced columns to impro(e the
structural interity and to pre(ent bucklin of the reinforcement&
Architects ha(e also disco(ered the many applications for !hich FR1
can be used& 'hese include structures such as sidin*claddin,
roofin, floorin and partitions&