740

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMSI: FUNDAMENTAL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, VOL. 47, NO. 5, MAY 2000

Open-Loop Peak Voltage Feedforward Control of

PWM Buck Converter
Marian K. Kazimierczuk, Senior Member, IEEE, and Anders J. Edstrm

AbstractDC and small-signal analyses are given for an

open-loop buck pulse-width modulated (PWM) dc-dc converter
with peak-voltage-modulation (PVM) feedforward control. A dc
model is used to derive the dc input-to-output voltage transfer
function taking into account parasitic components, such as the
MOSFET on-resistance, diode forward resistance, and diode
offset voltage. A small-signal model is used to derive the audio
susceptibility and the input impedance. It is shown that ideally the
audio susceptibility is zero and the input impedance is frequency
independent and negative for the buck converter with PVM
feedforward control.
Index TermsAudio susceptibility, averaged small-signal analysis, dc analysis, feedforward control, PWM buck converters.
Fig. 1. General schematic of open-loop PWM buck converter with
input-voltage feedforward control.

I. INTRODUCTION

HE dc output voltage is directly proportional to the dc

input voltage in pulse-width-modulated (PWM) dc-dc
open-loop converters operated in continuos conduction mode
(CCM). Therefore, it is difficult to achieve good line regulation.
Negative feedback techniques are widely used to regulate the
output voltage. Input voltage feedforward control may also
be used to regulate the output voltage against line voltage
variations (line disturbance) [1][6]. Feedforward control is
accomplished by sampling the converter input voltage (instead
of the output voltage, as in negative feedback control) and using
this signal to control the duty cycle. One way to implement
feedforward control in buck and buck-derived converters is to
vary the magnitude of the sawtooth voltage in proportion to
the converter input voltage [1][3]. This type of feedforward
control is referred to as peak-voltage-modulation feedforward
control. Feedforward control does not regulate the output
voltage against load variations, but the output voltage in PWM
converters operated in CCM is theoretically independent of
load. The purpose of this paper is to present dc and small-signal
analyses and experimental results for an open-loop buck
PWM converter with the peak-voltage-modulation feedforward
control.
II. GENERAL RELATIONSHIPS FOR OPEN-LOOP PWM BUCK
CONVERTER WITH FEEDFORWARD CONTROL

Fig. 2. DC model of buck converter with feedforward control.

ward network consists of a voltage divider  (comprised of resistors R1 and R2 ) and a pulse-width modulator Tm . Fig. 2 depicts a dc model of an open-loop PWM buck converter [7] with
feedforward control. The average parasitic resistance r of the
circuit is [7]

r = DrDS + (1 0 D )RF + rL

where D is the dc component of the switch-on duty cycle, rDS

the MOSFET on-resistance, RF the diode forward resistance,
and rL the resistance of the inductor L. The dc transfer function
of the feedforward network is defined as

Kf (dc) 

A. General DC Characteristics
Fig. 1 shows a general circuit of an open-loop PWM buck
converter with input-voltage feedforward control. The feedforManuscript received February 4, 1999; revised October 10, 1999. This paper
was recommended by Associate Editor A. Ioinovici.
The authors are with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Wright State
University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA (e-mail: mkazim@cs.wright.edu).
Publisher Item Identifier S 1057-7122(00)03964-7.

(1)

D
:
VI

(2)

The relationship between the input and output voltages can be

derived using KVL

DVI 0 rIO 0 (1 0 D)VF 0 VO = 0

(3)

where IO = VO =RL and VF is the diode offset voltage. Substitution of (2) into (3) produces the general dc input-to-output

10577122/00$10.00 2000 IEEE

KAZIMIERCZUK AND EDSTRM: OPEN-LOOP PEAK VOLTAGE FEEDFORWARD CONTROL OF PWM BUCK CONVERTER

741

s
!0 =

and

"

L + C [r(RL + rC ) + RLrC ]
2

voltage transfer function of the PWM buck converter with feedforward control
Mv(dc)


=


D

RL + r

VF Kf (dc)

+ VF Kf (dc)

: (4)

(13)

= 0

Mv0 = Mv (0) = D + Kf (ac) VI

RL

RL + r

(14)

Equation (10) shows that Mv (s) = 0 if the small-signal transfer

function of the feedforward network is given by
Kf (ac) =

VO

VI
RL

LC (RL + rC )(RL + r)

Fig. 3. Small-signal model of open-loop PWM buck converter with

feedforward control.

(12)

=

At s

RL + r

LC (RL + rC )

0 VD :

(15)

This is a general condition for achieving a zero audio susceptibility in a PWM buck converter.
C. General Small-Signal Input Impedance
From Fig. 3, the ac component of the input current is

B. General Audio Susceptibility

Fig. 3 shows a small-signal model of an open-loop PWM
buck converter [7] with feedforward control. The ac transfer
function of the feedforward network is defined as
Kf (ac)

v:

Hence, using KVL


vo (s) = [Dvi (s) + VI d(s)]

Z1 + Z2

= vi (s) D + Kf (ac) VI

Z2

il (s) =

VI d(s) + Dvi (s)

Z1 + Z2

(17)

From Fig. 2, the dc current through the inductor L is equal to

the dc load current and is given by

Z2

(16)

and the ac current through the impedances Z1 and Z2 is

(5)

ii (s) = IO d(s) + Dil (s)

IO =

(6)

Z1 + Z2

DVI

0 (1 0 D)VF :

(18)

(RL + r )

Substituting (5), (17), and (18) into (16) yields

where


Z1 = r + sL

ii (s) = vi (s) Kf (ac)

(7)

and

Z2 = (rC + 1=sC ) RL:

(8)

Mv (s)

 vvo((ss)) =
i

D + Kf (ac) VI

Z2
Z1 + Z2

(9)

RL rC

(10)

where
!zn =

rC C

Z1 + Z2


:

ii (s)

DVI Kf (ac)

(19)

0 (1 0 D)VF Kf (ac) + DVI Kf (ac) + D2 :

(RL + r )

Z1 + Z2

L(RL + rC )

)
2 (s2 +(s2+!!zn
s + !2 )
0

(RL + r )

DKf (ac) VI + D2

Zi (s)
vi (s)
=

Substitution of (7) and (8) into (9) yields

Mv (s) = D + Kf (ac) VI

0 (1 0 D)VF

Hence, the small-signal input impedance is obtained

From (6), one obtains the audio susceptibility for the open-loop
PWM buck converter with feedforward control


DVI

(11)

(20)

Substituting (7) and (8) into (20) gives the small-signal input
impedance for the open-loop PWM buck converter with feedforward control
Zi (s) = Zic

s2 + 2!0s + !02

s2 + s(2!0 + ZA ) + (!02 + ZB )

(21)

742

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMSI: FUNDAMENTAL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, VOL. 47, NO. 5, MAY 2000

Fig. 5. A sawtooth generator with peak voltage proportional to the supply

voltage vI .

Fig. 4. Open-loop PWM buck converter with peak-voltage feedforward

control circuit.

where

Zic =
ZA =

(RL + r )
Kf (ac) [DVI 0 (1 0 D)VF ]
0
1
(RL + r ) DVI Kf (ac) + D 2
LKf (ac) [DVI 0 (1 0 D)VF ]

and

ZB =
At

(22)
(23)

r DVI Kf (ac) + D2
:
LCKf (ac) (RL + rC )[DVI 0 (1 0 D)VF ]
( L+ )

(24)

Fig. 6. Waveforms of sawtooth voltage vt , reference voltage VREF , and power

MOSFET gate-to-source voltage v GS in the buck converter with peak voltage
feedforward control.

= 0

Zi (0) =

( L+ )

D2 + 2DVI Kf (ac) 0 (1 0 D)VF Kf (ac)

3:

and its magnitude is

(25)

III. OPEN-LOOP PWM BUCK CONVERTER WITH PEAK

VOLTAGE FEEDFORWARD CONTROL

VT m = vt(T ) 

c = Cc Rc +

R1R2
:
R1 + R2

(26)

When the MOSFET is ON, the capacitor Cc is discharged

rapidly through the MOSFET on-resistance. If t  c , the
output voltage of the sawtooth generator for the charging time
interval is given by

vt = VI (1 0 e0t=c ) 

VI
t
c

(27)

VI

(28)

where

A. Control Circuit
Fig. 4 shows an open-loop PWM buck converter with peak
voltage feedforward control circuit. The feedforward control
circuit consists of a sawtooth generator SG, a reference dc
voltage source VREF , and a comparator (called a pulse-width
modulator). Fig. 5 depicts a sawtooth generator whose peak
voltage is proportional to the supply voltage vI [1]. The
sawtooth generator consists of a voltage divider R1 and R2 , a
resistor Rc , a solid-state switching device (e.g., MOSFET), a
capacitor Cc , and a clock oscillator CLK with a fixed frequency
fs . When the MOSFET is OFF, the capacitor Cc is charged
through the combination of resistors R1; R2 , and Rc with a
time constant

VI
T
c
R2

R1 + R2

(29)

and

T
= :
c

(30)

If c  T = 1=fs , the sawtooth voltage waveform is approximately linear and its magnitude is proportional to the input
voltage VI . The sawtooth voltage vt is applied to the inverting
input of the comparator and the reference voltage VREF is applied to the noninverting input. When the sawtooth voltage vt is
lower than the reference voltage VREF , the comparator output
voltage goes high and, therefore, the gate-to-source voltage vGS
of the power MOSFET in the buck converter also goes high. The
crossing time of the two voltages determines the duty cycle D .
Fig. 6 shows the waveforms for the buck converter with peak
voltage feedforward control. From the figure and geometry

D=
Thus, the duty cycle
increases.

VREF
VT m

VREF
:
VI

(31)

decreases when the input voltage

VI

KAZIMIERCZUK AND EDSTRM: OPEN-LOOP PEAK VOLTAGE FEEDFORWARD CONTROL OF PWM BUCK CONVERTER

743

B. DC Characteristics
For a lossless buck converter, the relationship between the dc
input and output voltages is

VO = VI D:

(32)

Substituting (31) into (32) yields

VO =

VREF
:


(33)

This equation shows that, ideally, the output voltage of a lossless buck converter with peak voltage feedforward control is independent of the input voltage VI . Since both VREF and  are
constant, the output voltage VO also remains constant. However,
this assumes that the generator produces a strictly linearly increasing output signal vt and the parasitic components r and VF
of the buck converter dc model are neglected. Using (31), the
dc control voltage-to-duty cycle transfer function of the pulse
width modulator is

Tm(dc) 

D
VI

= (VVREF)2

(34)

Fig. 7. Output voltage VO versus input voltage VI for a lossy open-loop PWM
buck converter with peak voltage feedforward control at various values of load
resistance for rDS = 0:18
, VF = 0:4 V, RF = 28 m
, rL = 50 m
,
VREF = 5 V, and  = 0:347.

and the dc transfer function for the feedforward network is

Kf (dc) 

D
VI

REF
= VV
:
2

(35)

For a lossy open-loop PWM buck converter with peak

voltage feedforward control, the relationship between the dc
output voltage VO and the dc input voltage VI can be obtained
by substituting (35) into (4)

VO =

RL

RL + r



VREF


from which

VREF
0 VF + VFV
I

(36)

1 + VVFI


=
:
1 + RrL VO + VF
VREF

(37)

Hence,  = 0:347 for VI nom = 28 V, VO = 14 V, VREF = 5

V, VF = 0:4 V, RL = 10
, and r = 0:154
. Fig. 7 shows the
dc output voltage VO versus the dc input voltage VI calculated
from (36) for a lossy open-loop PWM buck converter with peak
voltage control at different values of RL for rDS = 0:18
,
VF = 0:4 V, RF = 28 m
, rL = 50 m
, VREF = 5 V,
and  = 0:347. The output voltage VO decreased from 14.05
to 13.97 V as the input voltage VI was increased from 23 to 33
V at RL = 10
. It can be seen that the dc output voltage is
not exactly constant with varied dc input voltage VI and load
resistance RL and, therefore, the peak voltage modulation does
not provide a perfect dc voltage regulation when the parasitic
components of the buck converter are taken into account. The
duty cycle D decreased from 0.63 to 0.44 as VI increased from
23 to 33 V at RL = 10
. Fig. 8 shows the dc output voltage VO
versus load resistance RL calculated from (36) for the open-loop
PWM buck converter with peak voltage feedforward control at
VI = 28 V. The dc output voltage VO increased by 0.2 V, or
1.43%, when the load resistance RL was increased from 10

to 200
.

Fig. 8. DC output voltage VO as a function of the load resistance RL for the

lossy open-loop PWM buck converter with peak voltage feedforward control at
VI = 28 V, rDS = 0:18
, VF = 0:4 V, RF = 28 m
, rL = 50 m
,
VREF = 5 V, and  = 0:347.

C. Small-Signal Characteristics
Fig. 9 shows a small-signal model of the open-loop PWM
buck converter [7] with peak voltage feedforward control.
Fig. 10 depicts the waveforms in the converter, in which a
small-signal component vi is superimposed on the dc component VI , resulting in the large-signal input voltage

vI = VI + vi

(38)

and the large-signal duty cycle

dT

= D + d:

(39)

Relationship (31) between the dc components D and VI can be

rewritten for the large-signal quantities as

dT

REF
= Vv
:

(40)

744

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMSI: FUNDAMENTAL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, VOL. 47, NO. 5, MAY 2000

Fig. 9. Small-signal model of open-loop PWM buck converter with peak

voltage feedforward control.

Fig. 11. Small-signal input resistance Ri as a function of the dc input voltage

VI for the lossy buck converter with peak voltage feedforward control at
different load resistances for rDS = 0:18
, VF = 0:4 V, RF = 28 m
,
rL = 50 m
, rC = 0:391
, VREF = 5 V, and  = 0:347.

The ac control voltage-to-duty cycle transfer function of the

pulse-width modulator is

d
Tm(ac) =
vi

= 0 (VVREF)2 :
I

(45)

The ac transfer function for the feedforward network is

d
Kf (ac) =
vi

Fig. 10. Waveforms in open-loop PWM buck converter with peak voltage
feedforward control.

Substituting (38) and (39) into (40), one obtains

dT
For vi

1
REF
= VV
:
= D + d = (VVREF
+
v
)
(1
+
v
I
i
I
i =VI )

(41)

 VI ;
1

1 + vi =VI



 1 0 Vvi :
I

(42)

Substitution of (42) into (41) yields

dT

= D+d

VREF
VI

vi
0 VREF
:
2
VI

(43)

Hence, the ac component of the total duty cycle is

d=0

VREF vi
:
VI2

(44)

REF
= 0 VV
= 0 VD
2
I
I

(46)

which is the same as the general condition for obtaining Mv =

0, derived in (15). Comparison of (45) and (46) with (34) and
(35) shows that the ac and dc transfer functions are the same except that the ac functions are negative. The sign for the smallsignal transfer functions is negative because the duty cycle decreases, when the input voltage increases.
Substituting (46) into (10), one obtains the audio susceptibility for the open-loop PWM buck converter with peak voltage
feedforward control

(s + !zn )
D
RL rC
Mv (s) = D 0 VI
2
VI
L(RL + rC ) (s + 2!0 s + !02 )
= 0:
(47)
Substitution of (46) into (21) yields the input impedance for
the open-loop PWM buck converter with peak voltage feedforward control

V (R + r)
Zi (s) = Ri = 0 2 I L
[D VI 0 D(1 0 D)VF ] :

(48)

Note that the input impedance Zi is independent of frequency.

Fig. 11 shows the small-signal input resistance Ri as a function
of the dc input voltage VI for a lossy buck converter with peak
voltage feedforward control at different values of RL and rDS =
0:18
, VF = 0:4 V, RF = 28 m
, rL = 50 m
, VREF = 5 V,
and  = 0:347.

KAZIMIERCZUK AND EDSTRM: OPEN-LOOP PEAK VOLTAGE FEEDFORWARD CONTROL OF PWM BUCK CONVERTER

Fig. 13. Waveform of sawtooth voltage

V/div.

745

vt . Horizontal: 2 s/div.; vertical: 1

Fig. 12. Experimental circuit of open-loop PWM buck converter with peak
voltage feedforward control.

IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

A. Test Circuit
Fig. 12 shows a test circuit of the open-loop PWM buck converter with peak voltage feedforward control. The test circuit
consisted of a buck converter, pulse width modulator, and a
MOSFET driver. The buck converter consisted of an International Rectifier IRF530 power MOSFET, a Motorola MR501
Schottky diode, and an output filter comprised of an inductor
L = 320 H and a capacitor C = 47 F. The voltage divider
was not used in the feedforward network, resulting in  = 1.
The pulse width modulator was comprised of a National Semiconductors LF357N comparator and a sawtooth voltage generator. The sawtooth generator was comprised of a Motorola
2N7000 MOSFET driven by a 100-kHz pulse generator, a capacitor Cc = 6:4 nF, and a resistance Rc = 15 k
, resulting in
c = RcCc = 96 s and  = T=c = 100=96 = 0:104. The
sawtooth generator was supplied by the converter input voltage
VI . The sawtooth voltage vt was applied to the comparator inverting input and a dc reference voltage VREF = 1:5 V was applied to the comparator noninverting input. The MOSFET driver
consisted of an International Rectifier IR2110E chip, a diode
1N4001, and two capacitors CD1 = 0:1 F and CD2 = 1 F.
The nominal input voltage VI nom was set to 28 V and the nominal output voltage VO nom was set to 14 V. To obtain a more
linear sawtooth generator voltage vt ; VREF was set at 1.5 V in
the experiments instead of 5 V used in theory and, therefore, the
value of  was reduced from 0.347 to 0.104 in order to maintain
the same value of the transfer function Kf (dc) . The sawtooth
voltage waveform vt is shown Fig. 13.
B. DC Measurements
Fig. 14 shows the measured dc output voltage VO versus the
dc input voltage VI for the open-loop PWM buck converter with
peak voltage feedforward control at RL = 200
and RL =
50
for VI nom = 28 V, VO nom = 14 V, L = 320 H, rL =
20 m
, C = 47 F, rC = 430 m
, rDS = 0:16
, VF =
0:4 V, RF = 28 m
, VREF = 1:5 V, and  = 0:104. The

Fig. 14. Experimental results (solid line) and calculated results (dashed line)
of dc output voltage VO versus dc input voltage VI for the open-loop PWM
buck converter with peak voltage feedforward control at RL = 200
and
RL = 50
for VI nom = 28 V, VO nom = 14 V, L = 320 H, rL = 20 m
,
C = 47 F, rC = 430 m
, rDS = 0:18
, VF = 0:4 V, RF = 28 m
,
VREF = 1:5 V, and  = 0:104.

measured output voltage values were close to those calculated in

the range up to 30 V and then remained approximately constant.
The differences at higher values of VI can be attributed to a
slightly nonlinear sawtooth voltage vt . For this reason, the duty
cycle D did not decrease linearly at higher values of the input
voltage VI . In this case, the nonlinearity helps improve the dc
voltage regulation of the tested buck converter.
C. Small-Signal Measurements
Fig. 15 shows the measured magnitude and phase of the audio
susceptibility for the open-loop PWM buck converter with peak
voltage feedforward control at RL = 200
, VI nom = 28 V,
VO nom = 14 V, L = 320 H, rL = 20 m
, C = 47 F,
rC = 430 m
, rDS = 0:16
, VF = 0:4 V, RF = 28 m
,
VREF = 1:5 V, and  = 0:104. In theory, the audio susceptibility is zero. In practice, this is hard to achieve because the converter components are nonideal. The measured voltage transfer
function in Fig. 15 shows a low magnitude over the whole frequency range starting from 041 dB at 10 Hz and then decreases
to 053 dB at 100 kHz. The phase varied between 0 and 090

746

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMSI: FUNDAMENTAL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, VOL. 47, NO. 5, MAY 2000

load current variations. Small output voltage deviations are also

caused by the converter parasitic components. The audio susceptibility Mv in a PWM buck converter with peak voltage
feedforward control is theoretically zero. The measured values
of Mv were not zero due to circuit nonidealities. The input
impedance of the converter is frequency independent and negative. A combination of feedforward and negative feedback is
recommended for future research.
REFERENCES

Fig. 15. Measured magnitude and phase of the audio susceptibility Mv for
the open-loop PWM buck converter with peak voltage feedforward control at
VI nom = 28 V, VO nom = 14 V, RL = 200
, L = 320 H, rL = 20 m
,
C = 47 F, rC = 430 m
, VF = 0:4 V, RF = 28 m
, rDS = 0:18
,
VREF = 1:5 V, and  = 0:104.

Step response of output voltage vO to step change in input voltage

2 V for open-loop PWM buck converter with peak voltage
feedforward control at VI nom = 28 V, VO nom = 14 V, RL = 200
,
L = 320 H, rL = 20 m
, C = 47 F, rC = 430 m
, VF = 0:4 V,
RF = 28 m
, rDS = 0:16
, VREF = 1:5 V, and  = 0:104. Horizontal: 5
ms/div., vertical: 1 V/div.
Fig. 16.

vI = 28

with a local maximum of 25 at 700 Hz and a local minimum

of 055 at 3.5 kHz.
Fig. 16 shows the step response of the output voltage vO to
step changes in input voltage vI = 28 6 2 V at a frequency
of 100 Hz for the open-loop PWM buck converter with peak
voltage feedforward control for RL = 200
, VI nom = 28 V,
VO nom = 14 V, L = 320 H, rL = 20 m
, C = 47 F,
rC = 430 m
, rDS = 0:16
, VF = 0:4 V, RF = 28 m
,
VREF = 1:5 V, and  = 0:104. The output voltage VO did not
show any measurable changes.
V. CONCLUSION
Feedforward control with peak voltage modulation provides
a good dc voltage regulation against input voltage variations
in PWM buck converters. However, it cannot regulate against

[1] D. M. Mitchell, Switching Regulator Analysis. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1988, p. 39.
[2] M. K. Kazimierczuk, M. A. Izadi, and A. Massarini, Feedforward control of PWM buck converter with sawtooth peak voltage modulation,
in IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Ames, IA, Aug.
1821, 1996, pp. 885888.
[3] D. V. Otto, Reduction of switching regulator audiosusceptibility to
zero, IEE Electron. Lett., no. 8, pp. 441442, 1986.
[4] L. Calderone, L. Pinola, and V. Varoli, Optimal feed-forward compensation of PWM dc/dc converters with linear and quadratic conversion ratio, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 7, pp. 349355, Apr. 1992.
[5] M. K. Kazimierczuk and A. Massarini, Feedforward control of dc-dc
PWM boost converter, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., I, vol. 44, pp.
143148, Feb. 1997.
[6] B. Arbetter and D. Maksimovic, Feedforward pulse width modulators
for switching power converters, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 12,
pp. 361368, Mar. 1997.
[7] M. K. Kazimierczuk and D. Czarkowski, Energy-conservation approach to modeling PWM dc-dc converters, IEEE Trans. Aerospace
and Electron. Syst., vol. AES-29, pp. 10591063, July 1993.

Marian K. Kazimierczuk (M91SM91) received

the M.S., Ph.D., and D.Sci. degrees in electronics engineering from the Department of Electronics, Technical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, in 1971,
1978, and 1984, respectively.
He was a Teaching and Research Assistant from
1972 to 1978 and Assistant Professor from 1978 to
1984 with the Department of Electronics, Institute of
Radio Electronics, Technical University of Warsaw,
Poland. In 1984, he was a Project Engineer for Design Automation, Inc., Lexington, MA. In 198485,
he was a Visiting Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Since 1985, he has been
with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Wright State University,
Dayton, OH, where he is currently a Professor. His research interests are
in high-frequency high-efficiency switching-mode tuned power amplifiers,
resonant and PWM dc/dc power converters, dc/ac inverters, high-frequency
rectifiers, electronic ballasts, magnetics, power semiconductor devices,
high-frequency high-efficiency switching-mode power tuned amplifiers, and
applied contols. He is the coauthor of the book Resonant Power Converters
(New York: Wiley, 1995). He has published over 200 technical papers, 70 of
which have appeared in IEEE Transactions and Journals.
Dr. Kazimierczuk received the IEEE Harrell V. Noble Award in 1991 for his
contributions to the fields of aerospace, industrial, and power electronics. He is
also a recipient of the 1991 Presidential Award for Faculty Excellence in Research, the 1993 College Teaching Award, the 1995 Presidential Award for Outstanding Faculty Member, and the Brage Golding Distinguished Professor of
Research Award from Wright State University. He has been an Associate Editor of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMSI and serves as an
Associate Editor for the Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers. He was
a member of the Superconductivity Committee of the IEEE Power Electronics
Society. He is a member of Tau Beta Pi.

Anders J. Edstrm received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from

Mlardalens Hgskola, Vsters, Sweden, in 1997 and the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from Wright State University, Dayton, OH, in 1998.
His research interests are in the areas of power electronics, motor drives, and
applied controls.