CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE

EXAMINA TION
PHYSICS
In addition to the 1 hour, candidates are allowed a
reading time of 10 minutes. Writing may begin
during the 10-minute period.
2. ALL WORKING MUST BE SHOWN in your answer booklet, since marks will be awarded for
correct steps in calculations.
Copyright 2002 Caribbean Examinations Council.
All rights reserved.
With the aidof aneat clearly-labelled diagram, describe anexperiment to show that when light
is reflected from aplane surface the angle of incidence and angle of reflection are equal.
( 8marks)
(b) Some Internet Source Providers (companies that provide connection to the Internet and are
known as ISP's) communi<:;ate with their customers via line-of-sight microwave links. A
microwave antenna at the customer's premises should be able to 'see' the ISP's antenna in
order that customer can carryon two-way communication with the Internet.
Consider such a link operating at 2.5 x 10
9
Hz with 30 km between customer site and ISP
antenna.
(i) What is the wavelength and period of the microwave signal between customer and
provider?
(ii) Calculate in microseconds the time it takes for asignal to travel between customer
and provider and back again to customer.
Explain why the customer may still have communication even if her antenna is
unable to see the ISP's antenna directly.
(The velocity of light C = 3 x10
8
mS-I)
Draw aclearly-labelled diagram of atransformer and use it to explain the principles of its
operation. ( 8marks)
(b) A transformer isused tostep down avoltage of 11KV to 220V. Given that thetransformer has
3200 turns in the primary coil, calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil.
( 4marks)
(c) Another transformer is used to further step down 220 V to 110V. Its input current is 3A and
the output current is 5.6 A. Calculate its efficiency. ( 8marks)
(ii) Why the pressure of a gas at constant volume, increases when its temperature is
increased. ( 8marks)
, ~, ~, ~Piston ~
.:.,: ..( " " ..(.
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Face B' , ~, ~,~, ~,
.'" .'" .'" .'" .;'
.. .. .. .. ... ..
\ ... :'..~\ ... ', .. ', ...., ~:, ...., ...
- - - - -
./././ .;'././
............... ,.
\ .. ', ... '\ .... \ ..'\ ... '\ ... ~
. . . . .
- - - - -
./ ./ ./ ././ ./.
" .. .. .. .. "
, ~" ~', ~. 'Face A~
I I 1 I
- - -
-- - - ---
./'./ ./ ./ ./ ././ ./ .
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\ ... " ... ' \ ... " ...., ... " ...'\ .. " ...
- - - - - - -
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......... " ,.
\ ...., ... ', ... ', ... ', ', , ... ',--
(b) A closed insulated cylindrical tube of inner volume 0.8 m
3
is fitted with aheater and piston as
shown in Figure 2. The piston may be assumed to have the following properties:
it is aperfect heat insulator
it slides along the tube without friction
its volume is negligible compared with the volume of the tube
Initially, thepiston of area 100cm
2
isstationary at thecentre of the tube, the heater is OFF and
the gas on side A is at 300 K and exerts apressure of 10
5
Pa.
(ii) Deduce (you donot need to calculate) thepressure, volume and temperature onsideB,
giving reasons for your answers.
(iii) Describe what happens to the piston when the heater is turned ON, and also what
happens to the pressure of the gas on side B at the same time.
(iv) After theheater has been onfor several minutes thetemperature of thegas on sideB is
now 400k and its volume is 0.2 m
3
. Calculate the new pressure of the gas on side B.
(12marks)
With the aid of alabelled diagram, describe a simple experiment using a tall, cylindrical
tank to demonstrate that pressure varies wIth depth in afluid. ( 8marks)
(b) An aquarium has arectangular base that measures 60cmby 30cm. Its height is45cmand sea
water of density 1150 kg/m
3
is used to fill it.
(i) Calculate the weight of water in the aquarium and thepressure onafish at the bottom
of the aquarium due to the water alone.
(ii) Calculate thepressure onafish at the bottom of the aquarium if atmospheric pressure
of 100kPa acts on the surface of the water. (12marks)
Copy and complete the following table in your answer booklet. The table summarizes the
properties of 3types of radiation
Type of radiation Charge Form of energy STOPPED BY
Alpha
--
KE
--
Beta e
-
(negative) 5 mm of aluminum
--
Gamma
-- -- --
( 6marks)
(b)
M
X X X X X
[5.
X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X
A source S emits alpha, beta and gamma radiation. Sketch the path of EACH type of
radiation in the region M which has a uniform magnetic field pointing into the plane of
the paper. (3marks)
A 58
29
B54
27
C59 , D59
29 30
(ii) Oneof these nuclides canbeproduced fromanother inthegroup by radiative emission
of an a-particle. Identify theparent and daughter nuclides and give thecorresponding
nuclear equation.
(iii) Another of these nuclides can beproduced from another member of the group by the
radiation of abeta particle. Identify the pair and give the corresponding equation.
( 6 marks)
(d) Three nuclides X, Y, and Z have half-lives 1minute, 24 hours and 10years respectively.
Select the nuclide which would be MOST useful as a radioactive tracer in medical
diagnosis. Give TWO reasons for your choice.