Page 1

Chemistry 101 (SEAS)

Profs. Davies and Pietrovito
Second Exam
November 2, 2011


Name (Please PRINT): PRACTICE EXAM


TA (circle one): Michael Changrim (Rim) Solongo


There are 6 questions worth a total of 100 points.
The exam has 10 pages, including cover and data page and the periodic table.
Show all work in the space provided on the exam or on back of exam pages.
Units must be indicated for answers where appropriate.
Useful information is provided at the end of your exam.
You may use a single 8.5 x 11 page of handwritten notes...
....otherwise, this is a closed book, closed notebook exam.

Please do not write below this line.


1. / 16


2. / 16


3. / 18


4. / 21


5. / 14


6. / 15



Total /100













Page 2
1. (16 points total) A particular metal surface, when irradiated with electromagnetic
radiation of various wavelengths, is observed to have a threshold wavelength of 600 nm.

(a) In a subsequent experiment, a 150 W monochromatic radiation source of one-third (1/3)
the threshold wavelength irradiates this same metal surface for 45 seconds. Determine
the velocity of an ejected electron (in m/s).



















Velocity of ejected electron m/s

(b) Determine the de Broglie wavelength (in nm) of one of the ejected electrons.













DeBroglie wavelength of an ejected electron nm

(c) According to Einstein's Principle of Photochemical Equivalence, what is the total
number of electrons that should be ejected from this surface in 45 seconds?
[Be sure to state the Principle of Photochemical Equivalence as part of your solution.]


















Total # of electrons ejected
Page 3
2. (16 points total) In this question, consider a particle of mass m confined in a
two-dimensional square corral that is L x L and has walls of infinite potential energy.
Consider all of the possible quantum mechanical states (n
x
, n
y
) of energy (E) less than or
equal to
10h
2
8mL
2
.
(a) Construct an energy-level diagram for all states with E ! 10h
2
/8mL
2
. Your diagram
does not have to be to scale but should show the proper vertical energy ordering.
Label each quantum mechanical state by its (n
x
, n
y
) designation and specify each
energy level in units of h
2
/8mL
2
. (Hint: none of your n
x
or n
y
values should
be larger than 3.)























(b) Consider (4) electrons confined to this corral that is 0.50 nm x 0.50 nm.

Populate the quantum states in your energy level diagram in (a) to achieve a ground state
electron configuration of the four electrons. [Remember, each of these electrons
has a spin quantum number and thus must obey the Pauli exclusion principle.
Of course, the electrons should also follow Hunds Rule (preference).]

Considering the states in your energy-level diagram (i.e., all states with E ! 10h
2
/8mL
2
),
determine the shortest wavelength (in nm) of light that can be absorbed by this system
initially in it ground state configuration. Show your work and reasoning.



















Shortest wavelength absorbed nm

Page 4
3. (18 points) Schrdinger stated that counting node numbers on a vibrating string was
by analogy - the essence of quantum mechanics. For each of the following
requested sketches be sure to clearly show all nodes and/or nodal regions and the
signs (+ or -), as appropriate. Note - if you feel that any of your sketches may not
properly show the important features - an accompanying explanation below your
sketch is encouraged.

(a) Particle in a one-dimensional box, 0 ! x ! L. Sketch the probability amplitude versus
x for the state that has four (4) nodes. Be sure to show and label both axes (& specify
the quantum number of the state and the ends of the box). Please label each node
as N and beneath each N give the x position in terms of the box length L.






















(b) 5d
yz
orbital for the hydrogen atom. Sketch the (angular) boundary surface diagram (BSD).


Boundary Surface
Diagram for 5d
yz
atomic orbital
!z
+z
+y
!y
+x
!x










(Question # 3, part (3c) continued on following page)
Page 5
(3c) 3p
x
orbital for the hydrogen atom. Sketch the radial distribution function (RDF) versus r.


3p
x

RDF
r


4. (21 points total) Parts (a), (b), (c), & (d) are independent of each other.
(a) Write out the ground state electron configuration for each of the following atoms or
ions. You may use the noble gas convention to express core electrons if you wish.
Note - in parenthesis next to each species is the atomic number.

At (Z = 85)



Cm
+
cation (Z = 96)



Sb
-2
anion (Z = 51)



Sg (Z = 106)


(b) For the following question, please circle the letter of the correct answer(s). There may
be more than one correct answer. In that case, points will be deducted for incorrect
responses. No reasons required or considered.

The Schrdinger wave equation (SWE) can be written as follows:
-
h
2
8"
2
m
!
2
" + V" = E" for an electron of mass m. Which of the following is/are TRUE?

A Suppose the electron is confined within a 3-D cubical region (0 ! x ! L & 0 ! y ! L &
0 ! z ! L) with walls of infinite potential energy at the boundaries.
" =
8
L
3
sin
#
$
%
&
3"x
L
sin
#
$
%
&
4"y
L
sin
#
$
%
&
6"z
L
then V = 0 and E =
61 h
2
8mL
2
.

B "(x,y,z) is defined as the probability density for observing the particle (electron) of mass m
at location (x,y,z).

C Suppose the electron is the only one present in an atom with 3 protons. If the orbital can
be represented as "
321
(r,',(), then V = -
3Ke
2
r
and E = - R
y
.
(Note: K = the Coulombs law constant and R
y
is the Rydberg energy constant.)

D The term -
h
2
8"
2
m
!
2
" in the SWE represents the curvature of the wave function
and also the kinetic energy contribution to the total quantized energy of the system.


E None of the above (A through D) are true.
Page 6

(4c) The following are suggested electron configurations for Carbon (C).
The subshell energies, of course, follow the Aufbau principle. Each circle denotes
an orbital and the arrows denote the m
s
quantum number.
Label each configuration as either ground state (GS), excited state (ES), or
not allowed (NA). Further explanation is neither required nor considered.


3p
3s
2p
2s
1s
(v)
(iv)
(iii)
(ii)
(i)



(4d) Consider the many-electron boron atom in its ground state electron configuration.
Circle the one appropriate ionization energy (IE) which corresponds to the described
situation. If none of the listed ionization energies are appropriate, circle None.
No reasons required or considered.


(i) Which ionization energy corresponds to removal of the electron from an orbital that
has one (1) angular nodal plane.


IE
1
IE
2
IE
3
IE
4
IE
5
None


(ii) Which ionization energy would convert the atom from a species exhibiting the
electron-correlation problem to a species that does not.


IE
1
IE
2
IE
3
IE
4
IE
5
None
























Page 7
5. (14 points) Shown below are the first four lines of the Balmer emission series of the
hydrogenic potassium (K
+x
) cation. The lines are identified by the letters a through d.


d c b
Increasing !
a
Shortest
Longest


What is the value of x in K
+x
? No further explanation required.

Determine the principal quantum number (n) of the initial state of the electron if the
photon subsequently emitted has a wavelength of 12.035 . Show all of your
work/reasoning.

Which line, if any, corresponds to this wavelength? Circle the appropriate line
or circle none below. Then, briefly - but carefully - explain you choice.









































x Principal quantum # of initial state of electron

Appropriate spectral line (Encircle one choice):


a b c d none

Page 8
6. (15 points) The screening (shielding) constants for the 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p subshells
for phosphorus (P) are 0.440, 4.04, 5.17, 9.36, and 10.11, respectively. [You may
assume that these screening constant do not change for the remaining electrons
following any ionization.]

A gaseous sample of monatomic phosphorus - with all of its atoms in their ground state
electron configuration - is subjected to a photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) experiment.
As a result of irradiation with monochromatic light, an electric current is generated and
one of the ionizations that takes place is:
P
+3
(g) ------> P
+4
(g) + e
-
.

Identify this ionized electron by specifying its quantum mechanical state prior to
ionization in the form (n, l, m
l
, m
s
), If there is more than one possibility, you only
have to list one possibility. No other explanation is required .

Then, showing your work, determine the ionization energy of this electron due to
the above reaction. Please express your answer in eV/atom.

If the speed of the ionized electron from the above reaction is 7.423 x 10
5
m/s,
what is the frequency (in Hz) of the monochromatic light source?











































One possible (n, l, m
l
, m
s
) for the pre-ionized electron

Ionization energy of ionized electron eV/atom

Frequency of light source Hz
Page 9


Possibly Useful Information


1 joule (J) = 1 kg m
2
s
-2


R = 0.0821 L-atm/(mole-K)

h = 6.63 x 10
-34
J s

c = 3.00 x 10
8
m/s

1 watt (W) = 1 J/s

N
A
= 6.022 x 10
23
mol
-1


mass of electron = 9.11 x 10
-31
kg

R
y
= 2.18 x 10
-18
J/atom = 13.61 eV/atom

1 eV (electron volt) = 1.60 x 10
-19
J

1 = 1 x 10
-10
meter = 0.10 nanometers (nm)

k-th excited state = k states (levels) above the ground state (level)

A Portion of the Electromagnetic Spectrum - in order of increasing wavelength:

UV < Violet (400 nm) < Blue < Green < Yellow < Orange < Red (700 nm) < IR


For a Lyman transition, n = 1. For a Balmer transition, n = 2.


Half of a few Possibly Useful Equations (note that there are 2 columns):

??? =
n
2
h
2
8mL
2
; ??? =
2
L
sin
#
$
%
&
n"x
L


??? =
#
$
%
&
h
2
8m

#
)
)
$
%
*
*
&
n
2
x
L
2
x
+
n
2
y
L
2
y
; ??? =
#
$
%
&
h
2
8m

#
)
)
$
%
*
*
&
n
2
x
L
2
x
+
n
2
y
L
2
y
+
n
2
z
L
2
z


??? = R
nl
(r)Y
lm
l
(',+)



??? = -
Z
2
R
y
n
2
; ??? = -
Z
effective
2
R
y
n
2


??? =
1
2
mv
2
; ??? = ,-


??? = h- ; ??? =
h
mv



??? = KE + .
1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A
1 2
H He
1 4.00
3 4 Atomic No. 1 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be Symbol H B C N O F Ne
6.94 9.01 Atomic Mass 1.01 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
23.00 24.31 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.70 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 98.00 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 180.9 183.8 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 208.2 209 210 222
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg
223 226 227 261 262 266 264 269 268 271 272
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.1 140.9 144.2 145 150.4 152 157.2 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173 175
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.0 231 238.0 237 244 243 247 247 251 252 257 258 259 260
SEAS PRINT NAME: