poza Botanical characteristics English English syn Latin Latuin syn

burdock Arctium minus

The leaves of burdock are egg-shaped and entire
(somewhat toothed); the lower leaves are usually
heart-shaped. The purple flowers are in bristly
heads. Common burdock (Arctium lappa) is two
to four feet tall, has stalkless or short-stalked
flowerheads and hollow leaf stalks. reat burdock
(Arctium lappa) is larger (up to eight feet tall),
with solid, deeply grooved leaf stalks that
resemble celery. !urdock appears from summer to
fall ("ewcomb #$%%).
burdock Arctium lappa
!utterfly weed (pleurisy) root has a hairy stem,
umbels of showy, orange flowers, and alternate,
lance-shaped or narrow leaves, about two to five
inches long. &t stands one to two feet high during
the summer ("ewcomb #$$%).
butterfly weed butterfly weed;
pleurisy
Asclepias tuberosa
Calendula officinalis, also known as pot marigold.
Calendula is an annual, native to southern 'urope,
and grows well in direct sun (rieve #$$().
pot marigold Calendula officinalis
The Canada thistle has creeping underground
stems with small, numerous purple or occasionally
white flower heads ("ewcomb #$%%).
Canada thistle Cirsium arvense
"epetas make up a large group of hardy,
herbaceous plants native to parts of 'astern
'urope, )sia, and the *imalayas that have since
become naturali+ed in ,.-. and Canada as well.
Nepeta cataria is generally regarded by herbalists
as the true medicinal Catmint, having a history of
being cultivated since ancient times for that
purpose.
catnip catmint Nepeta cataria
Chaste-tree is a shrub with palmate leaves made
up of five to seven linear, lance-shaped, toothed,
leaflets that are dark green above, gray
underneath, and covered with a close felt. The
fragrant purple flowers are on slender racemes
three to si. inches long (rieve #$$(). The
chaste tree chaste-tree Vitex agnus-castus
poza Botanical characteristics English English syn Latin Latuin syn
aromatic berries resemble black pepper.
Chicory is one to four feet high, with toothed,
lobed or entire leaves that somewhat clasp the
stem. The rays of chicory are blue (occasionally
white) and toothed at the tip. The flower heads
are about one to one and a half inches wide and
stalkless along the branches ("ewcomb #$%%).
chicory Cichorium intybus
"ative to China, this edible herb tastes like a cross
between onion and garlic. /lease don0t confuse
this herb with the inedible and possibly to.ic rain
lilies (Zephyranthes atamasco) - in our plot chives
smell like onions and rain lilies will not.
chives Chinese chives Allium tuberosum
Comfrey is a perennial herb of the !oraginaceae
family. "ative to the continent of 'urope,
numerous species are now cultivated throughout
the world (-tickel and -eit+ 1222). Typically,
comfrey species are found growing in disturbed
sites, especially moist areas (Culpeper #(#3).
comfrey !oraginaceae
family
Symphytum officinale
The curled dock has lance-shaped, pointed, lower
leaves that are with strongly curled borders. The
three flat wings of the fruit are heart-shaped and
are entire, and may be faintly toothed. The
distinctly stalked flowers grow in whorls forming
several branched racemes ("ewcomb #$$%).
curled dock yellow dock Rumex crispus
4andelions, like the other nine species making up
the araxacum genus, is hardy perennial that
contains a milky 5uice and are identifiable by its
basal rosettes with often downy leaves (6e
-trange #$%%). 4andelion is a stemless plant with
a simple tap-root and deeply serrated leaves,
blooming single bright yellow flowers terminally
that appear at almost any time of the year but
mainly during )pril to "ovember.
dandelion araxacum officinale
The leaves of 'nglish plantain are lance-shaped,
and ribbed. The inconspicuous flowers are in a
dense spike and can be seen from spring to fall
("ewcomb #$%%).
'nglish plantain ribwort plantain !lantago lanceolata
"ative to 'urope and "orth )merica, this hardy
biennial herb is now cultivated in other temperate
regions. 'vening primrose grows well in all +ones
and produces yellow flowers that open at twilight
("ewcomb #$%%). 'ach bloom lasts only one
evening primrose "enothera officinalis
poza Botanical characteristics English English syn Latin Latuin syn
night.
7everfew is one to three feet high and has white
flowers with ten to twenty oblong rays. The
numerous flowerheads are one to two inches wide,
and occur in clusters. The leaves are divided into
egg-shaped segments. ("ewcomb #$%%).
feverfew anacetum
parthenium (previously Chrysanthemu
m parthenium)
7o.glove (#igitalis lanata and #$ purpurea) is
three to si. feet high, with ovate to lance-shaped,
soft-hairy, toothed, leaves up to one foot long in a
basal rosette. The purple to white, spotted,
thimble-shaped flowers are #.18 inches long, in
spikes. &t can be identified in the summer (7oster
#$$2). #igitalis lanata has long, narrow leaves
and smaller, yellow-brown flowers. 7o.gloves are
commonly cultivated as ornamentals in "orth
)merica.
fo.glove #igitalis lanata and #$ purpurea
erman chamomile originated in 'urope, &ran,
and )fghanistan, but this fragrant annual is now
cultivated all around the world (rieve #$$(,
7oster #$$2).
erman
chamomile
%atricaria recutita
inkgo biloba, also called maidenhair tree, is a
tall, deciduous tree with fan-shaped leaves that are
long-stemmed and two-lobed (hence the species
name biloba). The leaves turn golden in autumn.
The yellow fruits contain a hard seed (9eiss
#$$().
ginkgo maidenhair tree &in'go biloba
round &vy is a perennial plant originating in
'urope and "orthern )sia. &t is naturali+ed in
"orth )merica. &t has low-lying decumbent stems
with hairy, reniform leaves that are appro.imately
3 cm.
ground ivy &lechoma hederacea
*oney herb ((ippia dulcis) is found in Central and
-outh )merica, as well as Caribbean locations
(ornemann 122(). The plant has a distinctive
sweet lemony taste and smell (4avis #(($).
honey herb (ippia dulcis
*orny goat weed ()pimedium grandiflorum) is a
hardy perennial with uni:ue above ground
characteristics; every )pimedium plant has 5ust
three stems with only three leaves per stem (9u
122<).
horny goat weed )pimedium grandiflorum
poza Botanical characteristics English English syn Latin Latuin syn
*orse nettle, a prickly plant, has violet, star-
shaped flowers in small clusters. The stamens
form a yellow cone in the middle of the flower.
&ts leaves are coarsely toothed or lobed. *orse
nettle stands one to four feet high and is seen in
the summer and fall ("ewcomb #$%%).
horse nettle Solanum carolinense
=apanese knotweed is a large, bushy plant, about
four to ten feet high, with leaves that are broad,
with shortpoints at the tip. The greenish-white
flowers grow in branching spikes. 7lowers usually
grow from leaf a.ils, and can be seen from
summer to fall ("ewcomb #$%%).
=apanese
knotweed
!olygonum cuspidatum
=imsonweed is one to five feet high, and has egg-
shaped, pointed, coarsely toothed leaves that are
two to eight inches long. &ts white, violet or
lavender funnel-shaped flowers are about two and
a half to four inches long. &ts fruit is a spiny pod,
about two inches long, which is why it is
commonly called thornapple. &t can be seen from
summer to fall ("ewcomb #$%%).
thorn apple
(thornapple)
5imsonweed #atura stramonium
Chenopodium album, or lamb0s :uarters, is an
erect, branched, annual plant with whitish
underbody leaves that are thin and coarsely
toothed. The unstalked, tiny, inconspicuous
flowers are light brown or faint green as they
blossom in groups on spikes covered with meal
between =une and >ctober ('richsen-!rown
#$%$).
lamb0s :uarters Chenopodium album
6avenders grow up to one to three feet high, with
opposite, entire, and linear leaves. The stem is
covered with yellowish-grey, flaky bark. The
short-stalked lavender flowers are in whorls of si.
to ten flowers on terminating, blunt spikes (rieve
#$$().
lavenders (avandula spp$
poza Botanical characteristics English English syn Latin Latuin syn
%onarda citriodora (lemon mint) is an aromatic
winter annual that grows to a height of #-1 ft. &t
has unusual, tuft-like, lavender to pink, whorled
flower heads that bloom during ?ay through =uly
(9ildflower 122$).
lemon mint %onarda citriodora
This bushy perennial herb is native to the eastern
?editerranean region, western )sia, and
mountainous parts of southern 'urope, but has
been naturali+ed and now grows abundantly
worldwide (rieve #$<#, 7oster 122@). The heart-
shaped leaves have a refreshing lemony flavor.
lemon balm %elissa officinalis
?a.imillian sunflower is almost shrub-like as it
grows with several tall, leafy, unbranched stems of
flowering tops to a height of <-#2 feet. 6eaves are
long and narrow, varying in length as it shortens
towards the top. They are alternate, coarse, hairy,
and are slightly toothed as they end in a point.
Aellow flowers growing terminally from stalks or
from leaf a.ils can be up to 8 inches across and
have centers that are greenish brown. (9ildflower
122$)
?a.imillian
sunflower
*elianthus maximiliani
?e.ican hat0, also known as Bprairie coneflower0
or Bthimble-flower0, Ratibida columnifera is
drought tolerant annual to perennial variety
identifiable by the black, cone-shaped heads
surrounded by drooping, yellow or yellow-red
flower petals.
?e.ican hat prairie
coneflower;
thimble-flower
Ratibida columnifera
?oss verbena - a sprawling ornamental perennial
in the south, but annual in the north, that is
intolerant of the cold, moss verbena grows to a
height of #1-#(C in height and has small rich
bluish purple flowers in bou:uet-like clusters. &t is
very drought tolerant, prefers full sun, can take
infre:uent mowing, as its blooming period lasts
between ?arch and =uly (T)?, 122$).
moss verbena Verbena tenuisecta
poza Botanical characteristics English English syn Latin Latuin syn
?ugwort is a hardy perennial with a tough reddish
stem and large segmental leaves that appear white
and furry underneath, but dark green above
('richsen-!rown #$%$). They have grayish
flowers that bloom as stalks from the stem from
=uly to -eptember. ?ugwort is an aggressive and
invasive plant, often inhibiting the growth of
nearby plants by means of roots secretions.
mugwort Artemisia vulgaris
?ullein is a strong-growing hardy biennial herb
that presents with alternating leaves and long
terminal spikes of mostly yellow flowers. This
species is also know as reat ?ullein or )aron0s
rod and grows tall, up to a height of %( inches
with grayish, downy or woolly basal leaves.
!etween =uly and -eptember, the plants bloom
with club-shaped spikes of yellow flowers (6e
-trange #$%%).
mullein Verbascum thapsus
>regano is native to the ?editerranean region and
central )sia (Dowalchik #$$(). The subspecies >.
vulgare hirtum can be used in cooking.
(Dowalchik #$$(; Calpou+os #$83).
oregano "riganum vulgare
/assionflower flourishes in warm locations and is
native to a large portion of the southern ,nited
-tates as well as ?e.ico and 6atin )merica
(!lumental 1222).
passionflower !assiflora incarnata
spearmint %entha spicata
watermint %entha a+uatica
/eppermint is a hybrid between spearmint
(%entha spicata) and watermint (%entha
a+uatica). ) red tinge in the leaf vein also helps
characteri+e the species. The flower is pale-purple
in color (7oster et al, #$$$).
peppermint %entha piperita
/lains coreopsis - ) hardy upright annual that
prefers full sun and can tolerate a range of soil
drainage, /lains coreopsis is characteri+ed by
delicate lance-like, opposite leaves, that bloom
mahogany-red flowers with yellowish, globular
heads (T)?, 122$).
plains coreopsis Coreopsis tinctoria
poza Botanical characteristics English English syn Latin Latuin syn
/okeweed is a stout, branching plant standing
from four to ten feet high from summer to fall,
with racemes of white or pinkish flowers a :uarter
inch wide. The berries are dark purple ("ewcomb
#$%%).
pokeweed !hytolacca americana
The purple coneflower rays are reddish purple,
and droop. The flowerhead is about two and a
half to four inches wide with a bristly center. The
lower leaves are egg-shaped and have long stalks.
The entire flower stands two to five feet high and
can be seen from summer to fall ("ewcomb
#$%%).
purple
coneflower
)chinacea
purpurea, other )chinacea species
/urslane is a fast growing annual herb that spreads
low to the ground. &t has smooth, fleshy stems that
are green with a reddish purple hue and leaves that
are alternate and opposite in arrangement. The
leaves are appro.imately #-1EF long and half
that in width, broadest at the rounded tip. 7lowers
are a pale yellow that bloom at the tips of the
branches and are :uite small ('lias #$(1).
purslane !ortulaca oleracea
Ged clover is a perennial, @-13 inches high, with a
dense, stalkless head of magenta or purple
flowers. The oval leaflets are usually marked with
a white EFHI.EF Ged clovers can be seen from
spring to fall ("ewcomb #$%%).
red clover rifolium pratense
Goman chamomile - also known as 'nglish or
sweet chamomile, this creeping perennial is native
to southern and western 'urope, but is now grown
widely in )merican herb gardens (7oster #$$2).
Goman
chamomile
'nglish
chamomile, sweet
chamomile
Chamaemelum nobile
rosemary - "ative to -pain, /ortugal, and the
9estern ?editerranean region, this aromatic
evergreen shrub can grow three feet high and
presents pale blue or violet flowers (7ugh-!erman
122<).
rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis
-age is native to the ?editerranean region but
now occurs in a wide diversity of habitats and at
almost all latitudes (9alters 122@).
sage Salvia officinalis
poza Botanical characteristics English English syn Latin Latuin syn
) hardy, heat and drought-tolerant annual, scarlet
fla. grows to a height of #1-13C with glossy, deep
scarlet flowers that bloom in profusion between
)pril and -eptember.
scarlet fla. (inum rubrum
-ea buckthorn (*ippophae rhamnoides) is a
perennial, deciduous, multi-branched shrub that is
a member of the 'laeagnaceae (>leaster) family
(7rit+-9eiss #$((). -ea buckthorn possesses
silvery white leaves and colorful orange berries
that persist through much of the winter (-mall
#$(2).
sea buckthorn 'laeagnaceae
(>leaster) family
*ippophae rhamnoides
Sedum species - Common in arid or semiarid
(temperate) regions, usually in stony soil or on
rock outcrops. -ome species are found at very
high elevations or latitudes and in tropical
mountains (9alters 122@).
sedum Sedum species
"ative to high altitude regions of /araguay and
!ra+il, -tevia grows well in warm climates and is
cultivated in !ra+il, &srael, =apan, Dorea, and
China (7ugh-!erman 122<).
stevia Stevia rebaudiana
hymus vulgaris is indigenous to the
?editerranean region. Thyme is an aromatic plant
with numerous grayish brown stems that are
round, branched, and lignified (9orld *ealth
>rgani+ation #$$$; rieve #$$(). The leaf
structures vary, normally ranging from a
lanceolate to ovate shape with a green upper
surface and a slightly grey lower surface (9ichtl,
et al #$$3).
thyme hymus vulgaris
9hite clover, a common weed of grassy places,
with a dense head of white or pale-pink flowers.
The finely toothed basal leaves are divided into
three leaflets, each of which bears a triangular
mark. The stem creeps close to the ground. &t is
noticeable from spring to fall ("ewcomb #$%%).
white clover rifolium repens
9intergreen is an aromatic, creeping shrub that
can be found in dry or moist wooded (usually
coniferous) areas. 9intergreen contains a
glycoside which is hydroly+ed by another plant
en+yme to methyl salicylate (-poerke #$$2).
?ethyl salicylate provides pain-relieving
properties similar to aspirin.
wintergreen &aultheria procumbens
poza Botanical characteristics English English syn Latin Latuin syn
9oad is native to the *ebei, -haan.i, =iang.u and
)nhui provinces in China (!ensky, et al #$$<). ,$
tinctoria was historically cultivated in parts of
)merica, 'ngland, 7rance, ermany, and &taly
and played a vital role in their economy
(>berthJKr, et al 1228).
woad ,satis tinctoria
Commonly found in fields and near roadsides,
yarrow grows in temperate +ones worldwide. This
thick-stalked plant with finely dissected leaves
presents a large corymb of small white, pink, or
yellow flowers ("ewcomb #$%%).
yarrow Achillea millefolium
Aellow sweet clover has fragrant leaves; when
crushed or dried they give off the scent of new-
mown hay. The yellow flowers are in racemes
that are about two to four inches long. 'ach leaf
is divided into three leaflets and finely toothed.
Aellow sweet clover stands three to eight feet
high, and can be seen from late spring to fall
("ewcomb #$%%).
yellow sweet
clover
%elilotus officinalis
Aellow wood sorrel stands three to fifteen inches
high, with an erect stem and flowers a :uarter to
half an inch wide. Aellow wood sorrel is a
common weed. &t has three leaflets that are
notched at the tip. &t is visible from spring to fall.
The leaves contain o.alic acid and are sour to the
taste ("ewcomb #$%%).
yellow wood
sorrel
wood sorrel "xalis europaea or "xalis stricta