Possible topics to be covered on Exam 1

Chapter 1

Electron configuration of atoms
Lewis structures drawing complete and correct structures and assigning formal charges to
atoms
Bond and molecular polarity
Functional groups names and structures
VESPR predict shapes of molecules, bond angles both theoretical and distorted
Atomic orbitals shapes of hybridized and nonhybridized orbitals
Molecular orbitals shapes of bonding and antibonding orbitals
Resonance draw possible allowed contributing structures and evaluate relative importance
Delocalized molecular orbitals depicting with resonance structures

Chapter 2

Names of C1 C10 alkanes
Drawing constitutional isomers in condensed and line-angle forms
Naming alkanes
Naming cycloalkanes
Energy vs. rotamer diagrams for substituted ethane systems evaluation of relative energies of
rotamers using Newman projections
Energy vs. conformation diagrams for substituted cyclohexane systems evaluation of relative
energies of conformations using chair conformations and Newman projections
Using planar/edge-on/3D drawings to convert cis/trans and axial/equatorial
Using heats of combustion to evaluate relative stabilities of alkanes and cycloalkanes

Chapter 3

Identifying and naming chiral centers using the R, S system
Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules
Enantiomers vs. diastereomers
Meso compounds
Using the Fischer projection
Planes of symmetry in cycloalkane systems
Optical activity calculation
Optical purity and enantiomeric excess calculating the amount of R or S in a mixture
Separation (resolution) of enantiomers