APES TO MAN

Intro:
-- Africa start of search for man's origins, one of the earliest signs of man's
arrival are imprints set in stone
-- Lineage remains a mster, scientist h!mans from primates -- apes
-- the "a o!r ancestors learne" to #al$ !p#ar" evol milestone -- stan"ing
t#o legs sets them apart from ever other cret!re in histor
%o":
-- &or more than '(( million ears "inosa!rs r!le" the earth e)ploiting
ha*itats aro!n" the glo*e
-- +, million ears ago their reign #o!l" en" -- Asterio" + miles #i"e h!rtle"
into the earth #ith the force '(( million mega ton
-- cosmic collision planet earth #o!l" appear lifeless-- insects, plants, small
mammals #o!l" s!rvive an" repop!late the lan"scape
-- p!rgatorio!s har*orial fr!it insect one of the ol"est primates
-- era after "inos, earth regaine" its life force vast forest stoo" #atch -- lage
ha*itat n!rt!re families of primates
-- life canop foo" plent pre"ators fe#
-- tree tops forest -oor ecological niches #ere .lle" #ith "iversit of primates
-- ecological niches helpe" shape" h!man$in"'s ancestors
-- La$e /ictoria, 0ena -- *o!n"aries L!cinga h!man origins partial s$eleton
"ating *ac$ '+ million ears -- Mar Lea$ -- pro cons!l earliest $no#n ape
Pro 1ons!l
-- climn tree on all 2, long .ngers that co!l" grasp *ranches # fore or hin"
lim*s
-- teeth , raise" *!mps on molars similar #ith chimpan3ees
-- larger *rain, lac$ of tail -- primate relate" to h!man
--- 4!man *eing evolve" from apes common notion to"a, '5th cent!r i"ea
#as p!re scan"al -- '6,5 1harles 7ar#in-- Origin of Species, o!tline" #h
plants in the animal $ing"om have man "iverse *!t similar species
-- I"ea of Nat!ral Selection: that overtime onl the .ttest life forms s!rvive
passing on their strength to generations that #ill follo#
-- '8 ears later pon"ere" on h!man origins *!t cannot esta*lish clear lin$s
of apes to man
-- 1reat!re that #ill lin$ the gap 99 Ptha canthrop!s :imaginar creat!re; --
search for evi"ence for the missing lin$ h!mans primate ancestors
-- &ossils #ere fo!n" in <ava In"onesia -- =ava man -- homo erect!s -- man li$e
ape that live" less than a million ears ago
-- '5>('s pec$ing man fossils #ere !ncovere" in 1hina
-- =!"ging from the shape of their s$!ll an" teeth *oth fossils loo$e" more li$e
h!man *eings than apes
-- most palentologists regar"e" the s$!ll as the "ivi"ing line *et#een apes
an" h!mans
-- Missing lin$: Ape li$e creat!re #ith a larger *rain
-- 4a"ar, Ethiopia Africa's great rift valle -- "eceptivel *arren region *oasts
one of the richest fossil recor"s on earth
-- '5?2 fossil !nearthe" info man's evol!tionar path -- > rs &rench Amrican
team -- fossil of ol"est $no#n homoni" -- L!c, a!strolopithic!s apparenc!s --
> million ears ol" -- small *rain the si3e of a chimpan3ee's -- feat!re !ni@!e
among homoni"s, she #al$e" on t#o legs
-- S!rvival in Africa's lan"scape, a"aptation
-- #i"e hips to s!pport the #eight of her internal organs chimp'son the
ohterhan" are narro#, hip =oint in#ar" that co!l" carr more #eight lo#ering
the *o"'s center of gravit, !pright post!re easier to hol"
-- 'st thing in h!man evol!tion *ipe"alit, #al$ing on t#o feet
--Africa, man's prival home
-- Ecosstem preserve" in ret!rn * their inha*itants
-- 1himpan3ees most h!manli$e apes, molec!lar evi"ence chimps closer to
h!mans than gorillas -- 5?A li$e h!mans -- "iBerence >A gene pool
-- Cemote forest 1entral Dahir, %ano*o pgm chimpan3ee, matriarchal
societ rel on each other foo" enem emotional s!pport, higher or"er of
primates *on"ing increases the chance of s!rvival
-- can #al$ !pright, voca*!lar -- vocali3ation an" *o" lang!age e)tremel
social, li$e h!mans an" chimps aBectionate
-- m!scle of the #aist to #al$ !pright gl!"i!s me"i!s, clim*ing trees in
chimps activates the m!scle -- plas a "iB role for each creat!res
-- #al$ing on t#o legs *ecame the hallmar$ of o!r species
-- ca!se of *iological rift *et#een apes an" h!mans remain !n$no# --
challenge" researchers accross the glo*e
-- comparison thro!gh genetic maps insearch of cl!es, as the n!m*er of
generations increase so "o the n!m*er of genes in animals that *ranche" of
from o!r primal anscestors
-- st!" of this can pinpoint #hen h!mans an" chimpan3ees split from their
lineage
-- estimate", 2E5 million ears ago
-- "iverge" in a #a$e of a change, for more than '( million ears tectonic
movement have sha$en the continents, volcano er!pte" ever#here --
altere" east africanlan"scape #hich !ntil then *lan$ete" * forests -- high
lan"s rose lo# lan"s fell -- great rift valle
-- geological in-!ences are the ca!se of the "iBerent paths of the homoni"s
an" the chimpan3ees, *ecame separate" *eca!se of the mo!tain :nat!ral
*arrier; altere" the fate of sev species
-- temperat!re -- altere" ecosstems -- forests to svanahs -- so the have to
a"apt or perish
-- a"apting to ha*itat an" "iet vent!re" o!t to the forest an" e)plore life in
the #i"e open savanah, a!stolopithic!s :forest #as "eclining little * little;
--miles of grasslan" h!nting gro!n"s of fossils to o!r homoni"s past, as the
forest fa""e" animals learne" foo" #as more "iFc!lt to come *
-- no one $no#s for s!re ho# o!r ancestors *ecame *ipe"al -- ne# strategies
for foranging
-- #ith greater "istance to travel *et#een foo" so!rces homoni"s re@!ire a
more eFecnt means of locomotion, #al$ing !pright #as the sol!tion
-- e)perts consi"er thisthe t!rning point #hen the homini"s parte" lineage
#ith the apes
-- mahala t!n3ania, "eep forests remain, haven for chimps, creat!res that
"i" not ha*it!ate on #al$ng on t#o legs, ma have *ecame *ipe"al nee" for
protection an" "efense *ecame greater :"anger; -- great potential as *ipe"s
-- Savanah post ne# challenges for homoni"s that have evolve" from forest
"#ellers
-- a#$ling !pright ha" a"vantages, !se of arms to carr loa", a*ilit to spot
"anger in e)pose" terrain
-- &ossils of philonthrop!s ro*!st!s, ro*!st almost man, 8 million ars after
l!c, *ac$ of s$!ll, p!nct!re mar$s, lea"or" =a# of that era -- homini"s not
imm!ne from attac$
-- si3e an" shape of the *rain #as li$e a gorillas, #eigh a po!n" li$e l!c'sE
pther feat!re of the s$!ll are more h!man loo$ing
-- paleontologist also recovere" artifacts, stone tools, after the *rain enlarge"
an" "evelope" co!l" homoni"s fashion tools o!t of stone
-- #G !se of th!m* one of the .rst tool ma$ers
-- homini" ancestors !se ha"ns to gather foo" !se tools, perhaps to
comm!nicate #G each other as #ell
--'562, northern $ena, !n"er + ft, homo erect!s, tall an" long legge",
phsi@!e resem*ling mo"ern h!mans -- #al$e" li$e the #a #e "o to"a,
stan"ing erect pivotal change a*ilit to spea$
-- stoo" !p straight more room to rever*erate so!n", ne# ver*al comm!,
h!man "evlp
-- "o!*le *raing #eight l!c, more intelliget *eing, capacit "i" not match
h!man $in" to"a
-- intelligent *eings li$e homo sapiens forme" comple) societies, art an"
sophisticate" tools, spo$en lang!age, po#er to shape their f!t!re
--> million ears ago l!c *egan the long #al$ to#ar"s civili)ation
relin@!ishing her niche
-- 4!man $in"s s!ccess as a speicies is no longer a simple matter of phsical
"esign, the "evelopment of a *rain that can conve information, organise
"efense, create art, can create #heel is challenging ange ol" patterns of
evol!tion
-- Manner of life sanct!ar great forest of africa, incl!"es higher mammals --
families of intelligent