Tecuct 1001

2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
1
2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 2
Enterprise IP Telephony Design and
Deployment TECUCT-1001 Marcelo Nbrega, Alberto
Aguayo, Pablo Marrone, Arnaldo Montaner
2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
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Agenda
Introduction
Network Infrastructure
Unified Communications Infrastructure
Unified Communications Applications
Security and Management
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Colombia 2008
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Applications
Scope of This Seminar
1. Understanding what can be built today
2. Learning how to build it
3. To find out more about Unified Communications
design:
http://www.cisco.com/go/srnd/
Router/GW Router/GW
Applications
IP WAN
PSTN
Unified CM Unified CM
Note : Unified CM = Cisco Unified Communications Manager
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The Big Picture: End-to-End
Unified Communications
PBX
Tie
Lines
Large
Branch
Office
Small
Branch
Offices
Legacy
Site
Road
Warrior
Telecommuter
SRST Unified CM
Express
Rest of the World
IP WAN
PSTN
Internet
V
3
PN
The Big Picture: End-to-End Unified
Communications for the Mid-Market
Headquarters
Unified CM
Applications
Gatekeeper
GK GK
Unified
CM-BE
Mid-Size
Central
Office
100500 Users
Unified CM
Mobility
Cisco Unity
Connection
SRST
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
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Media
Resources
UC
Processing
Agents
Gateway/
Survivable
Remote
PSTN/IP
Gateway
UC
Endpoints
Comms
Endpoints
PSTN
WAN
Aggregation
Router
Branch
Router
Distribution/
Core Switch
Campus
Branch
IP WAN
Access
Switch
Access
Switch
The Elements of
Conf
Voice Mail/
Unified
Messaging
Web /Audio/
Video
Conferencing
XML
Phone
Services
LDAP
Directory
GK GK
MTP MTP
Xcode Xcode
Conf Conf
Si Si Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si Si Si
UC
Applications
UC Infrastructure
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
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Media
Resources
UC
Processing
Agents
Gateway/
Survivable
Remote
PSTN/IP
Gateway
UC
Endpoints
Comms
Endpoints
PSTN
WAN
Aggregation
Router
Branch
Router
Distribution/
Core Switch
Campus
Branch
IP WAN
Access
Switch
Access
Switch
The Elements of
Conf
Voice Mail/
Unified
Messaging
Web /Audio/
Video
Conferencing
XML
Phone
Services
LDAP
Directory
GK GK
MTP MTP
Xcode Xcode
Conf Conf
Si Si Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si Si Si
UC
Applications
UC Infrastructure
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Agenda
Introduction
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Network Infrastructure Agenda
1. Building a Campus Network
for Unified Communications
2. Enabling QoS in the Campus
3. Enabling QoS in the WAN
4. Overlaying Wireless LANs
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Campus UC Networks: The Basics Still
ApplyHierarchical Network Design
1. Access/Distribution/Core hierarchyeach layer
has specific role
2. Modular scalable topologybuilding blocks
3. Easy to grow, understand, and troubleshoot
4. Creates small fault domainsclear
demarcations and isolation
5. Promotes load balancing and redundancy
6. Promotes deterministic traffic patterns
7. Incorporates balance of both Layer 2 and Layer
3 technology, leveraging the strength of both
8. Utilizes Layer 3 Routing for load balancing, fast
convergence, scalability, and control
9. Sub-second convergence possible
Building Block
Access
Distribution
Core
Distribution
Access
Without a Rock Solid Foundation the Rest Doesnt Matter
Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si
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Campus UC Networks:
The Access Layer
1. The Access Layer provides aggregation for Voice, Video and Data endpoints
2. Can provide switched or routed accessis typically feature rich
VLANS Do Not Span Access Switches
QoS Trust Boundaries
AutoQoS
Queuing
Network Access Control
Automatic Phone Discovery
Power over Ethernet
Voice VLAN Allocation
Multiple Security Features
Key Features for Unified Communications
Access
Distribution
UC Feature Rich EnvironmentNot Just About Connectivity
To Core
Si Si Si Si
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UC Campus Networks:
The Access Layer
1. Separate Voice and Data VLANs create partitioned broadcast domains
in separate IP subnets
2. Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) used during Phone boot up to configure
Voice VLAN ID
3. Phone also supplied with QoS configuration information
4. For Securitydifferent network policies can be applied for different
subnets; e.g. WORM attacks can be contained to the Data VLANs
Data VLAN ID = 10 Voice VLAN ID = 110
Native VLANNo
Configuration Changes
Needed on PC
802.1Q Encapsulation
with 802.1p Layer 2
CoS
Voice and Data VLANs
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Campus UC Networks
CDP and Inline Power Discovery
1. Cisco Discovery Protocolallows the switch to discover
the attached inline powered device and negotiate the
power requirements to optimize power consumption in the
switch
13
Cisco Networkers
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Campus UC Networks:
The Distribution Layer
1. Important considerations for Unified Communications in the Distribution Layer:
Sub-Second Convergence, High Availability, Load Balancing, and QoS
2. The Distribution Layer uses Layer 3 switching and aggregates wiring closet links (access
layer) and uplinks to the core with route summarization
3. Protects the core from high density peering and problems in the access layer
4. EIGRP/OSPFsub-second convergence possible with timer adjustment, redundant path
load sharing, route summarization,
5. HSRP or GLBP to provide first hop redundancy, sub-second convergence possible with
timer adjustment
Access
Distribution
Fast Convergence, QoS, and High Availability
Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si
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Campus UC Networks: The Core Layer
1. Backbone for the networkconnects network building blocks
2. Performance and stability vs. complexityless is more in the core
3. Aggregation point for the distribution layer
4. Tune routing protocol timers for sub second convergence
5. Separate core layer helps in scalability during future growth
6. Use hardware accelerated services only to maintain performance
Access
Distribution
Core
Scalability, High Availability, and Fast Convergence
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Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si
UC Campus Network Design:
Best Practice
Build Triangles Not Squares
1. Layer 3 redundant equal cost links support fast convergence
2. Hardware basedfast recovery to remaining path
3. Convergence is extremely fast (dual equal-cost paths: no need for
OSPF or EIGRP to recalculate a new path)
Triangles: Link/Box Failure Does Not
Require Routing Protocol Convergence
Squares: Link/Box Failure Requires
Routing Protocol Convergence
Model A Model B
Deterministic vs. Non-Deterministic
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UC Campus Network Design:
Routing to the Edge?
1. Easier implement, less to get right
No matching of STP/HSRP/GLBP priority
No L2/L3 Multicast topology inconsistencies
2. Well known tool set
traceroute, show ip route, show ip eigrp neighbor, etc.
3. Most Cisco Catalyst
switches support
L3 Switching
4. EIGRP converges in <200 msec
5. OSPF with sub-second tuning converges
in <200 msec
6. RPVST+ convergence times dependent
on GLBP/ HSRP tuning
7. New features such as VSS also offer
great improvements in redundancy
and convergence
Both L2 and L3 Can Provide Sub-Second Convergence
L3 Provides Sub-200 msec ConvergenceHighly Desirable for UC
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
RPVST+ OSPF 12.2S EIGRP
Upstream
Downstream
Provides Real Advantages for UC Traffic
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Building a Campus UC Network
Summary
1.Access layer
Automatic Phone
Discovery
Power over Ethernet
Voice VLAN allocation
Multiple Security
features
QoS Trust Boundaries
AutoQoS
Queuing
Network Access Control
Layer 3 to the edge?
2.Distribution Layer
Fast Convergence
QoS
High Availability
3.Core Layer
Fast Convergence
Scalability
High Availability
WAN
Internet PSTN
Server Farm
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns656/networking_solutions_design_guidances_list.html#anchor2
Access
Layer 2
Distribution
Layer 3
Core
Layer 3
Distribution
Layer 3
Access
Layer 2
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for Unified Communications
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QoS in the Campus
Traffic Profiles and Requirements
1. Latency 150 ms
2. Jitter 30 ms
3. Loss 1%
One-Way Requirements
Smooth
Benign
Drop sensitive
Delay sensitive
UDP priority
Voice
Bandwidth per Call
Depends on Codec,
Sampling-Rate,
and Layer 2 Media
Bursty
Greedy
Drop sensitive
Delay sensitive
UDP priority
Video-Conf
Latency 150 ms
Jitter 30 ms
Loss 1%
One-Way Requirements
IP/VC Has the Same
Requirements as VoIP,
But Has Radically
Different Traffic Patterns
(BW Varies Greatly)
Smooth/bursty
Benign/greedy
Drop insensitive
Delay insensitive
TCP retransmits
Data
Data Classes:
Mission-Critical Apps
Transactional/Interactive Apps
Bulk Data Apps
Best Effort Apps (Default)
Traffic Patterns for
Data Vary Among
Applications
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Si Si
Si Si
Si Si Si Si
Access
Distribution
Core
Why Enable QoS in the Campus?
1. Adding more bandwidth to avoid congestion doesnt really help as the
key issue is buffer sizeQoS allows drop and delay sensitive traffic to
be sent with priority
Typical 20:1
Data Over-
Subscription
Typical 4:1
Data Over-
Subscription
= Data
= Voice
Instantaneous
Interface
Congestion
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Enabling QoS in the Campus
Ciscos Approach to QoS
Campus Branch Office
Unified CM
Cluster
SRST
Router
IP WAN
PSTN
Classification: Mark the Packets with a Specific Priority Denoting a
Requirement for Class of Service from the Network
Trust Boundary: Define and Enforce a Trust Boundary at the Network Edge
Provisioning: Accurately Calculate the Required Bandwidth
for All Applications Plus Element Overhead
Scheduling: Assign Packets to One of Multiple Queues (Based on
Classification) for Expedited Treatment through the Network
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FastEthernet
GigabitEthernet
Ten GigabitEthernet
Campus QoS Considerations
Where Is QoS Required Within the Campus?
No Trust + Policing
+ Queuing
Conditional Trust +
Policing + Queuing
Trust DSCP + Queuing
Per-User Microflow
Policing + CoPP
WAN Aggregator
Cisco Catalyst 6500 PFC3
Server Farms IP Phones + PCs IP Phones + PCs
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QoS in the Campus
Traffic Queuing and Scheduling in IP Phones
1. Voice media traffic is marked with CoS 5/DSCP EF (high priority)
2. Data traffic from the PC is remarked with CoS 0 (low priority) by
the IP phone switch
P0
P1
Priority Q
Data Qs
P2
Voice
CoS = 5 CoS = 5
Data
CoS = 0
P1 Untrusted:
Phone Switch
Rewrites CoS = 0
PC
Access
Switch
IP Phone Enclosure
Phone
P
P Trusted:
Switch Accepts
incoming CoS
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Campus QoS Considerations
Establishing Trust Boundaries
1
Optimal Trust Boundary: Trusted Endpoint
A device is trusted if it correctly classifies packets
3
Suboptimal Trust Boundary
Only use if access switch cannot perform classification
2
Optimal Trust Boundary: Untrusted Endpoint
Si Si
Endpoints Access Distribution Core WAN Aggregators
Trust Boundary
1
2
3
Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si Si Si
For scalability, classification should be done as close to the edge
as possible
The outermost trusted devices represent the trust boundary
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QoS in the Campus:
Switch Port AutoQoS
1. AutoQoS allows the application of a pre-defined set of QoS
statements to an interface with one CLI command
2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
TECVVT-1000
14409_04_2008_c1
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Colombia 2008
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AutoQoS in Access Layer
Switch Ports
AutoQoS Example: VoIP Model
1. Voice Traffic identified by QoS (DSCP) value, queued and transmitted
2. Signalling Traffic identified by QoS (DSCP) value, queued and
transmitted
3. All Data Traffic has DSCP value re-marked to 0 then transmitted
4. Bespoke AutoQoS Macros can be configured and applied to ports,
e.g. AutoQoS for Voice, Video, Business Data and Best Effort Data
VVLAN +
DSCP CS3
Yes
DVLAN
ANY
Remark to DSCP 0 and Transmit DATA
No
VVLAN +
DSCP EF
Yes
Trust and Transmit VOICE
Start
No
Trust and Transmit SIGNALLING
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Catalyst (config-if) # auto qos voip cisco-phone
mls qos map cos-dscp 0 8 16 26 32 46 48 56
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 1 threshold 3 5
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 2 threshold 3 3 6 7
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 3 threshold 3 2 4
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 1 threshold 3 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 4 threshold 1 8
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 4 threshold 2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
mls qos queue-set output 1 threshold 1 138 138 92 138
mls qos queue-set output 1 buffers 10 10 26 54
mls qos queue-set output 2 buffers 16 6 17 61
mls qos
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
srr-queue bandwidth share 10 10 60 20
srr-queue bandwidth shape 10 0 0 0
queue-set 2
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
auto qos voip cisco-phone
AutoQoS in the Campus
AutoQoS Macro Example
1. Enforces a trust boundary at Cisco
IP Phones
2. Enforces a trust boundary on Cisco
Catalyst switch access ports and
uplinks/downlinks
3. Enables Cisco Catalyst strict
priority queuing for voice and
weighted
round robin queuing for data traffic
4. Modifies queue admission criteria
(i.e. CoS-to-queue mapping)
5. Modifies queue sizes, as well as
queue weights where required
6. Modifies CoS-to-DSCP and IP
precedence to-DSCP mappings
28
For campus Cisco Catalyst
switches, AutoQoS command
macro enables the following
QoS features automatically:
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Central Site
Platform Recommendations
Remote Site
Unified CM
Cluster
SRST
Router
Router/
Gateway
Cisco Catalyst 6500
Cisco Catalyst 4500
Cisco Catalyst 4000
Cisco Catalyst 4x00
Cisco Catalyst 3560, 3750
Cisco Catalyst 2950, 2960
Cisco IOS
Router SW NM
IP WAN
PSTN
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G.729A: 25 ms
CODEC
Variable
(Can Be Reduced
Using Priority
Queuing)
Queuing
Variable
(Can Be Reduced
Using LFI)
Serialization
6.3 s/Km +
Network Delay
(Variable)
Propagation
and Network
2050 ms
Jitter Buffer
Enabling QoS in the WAN
Elements That Affect End-to-End Delay
IP WAN
Campus
Branch Office
Unified CM
Cluster
SRST
Router
PSTN
End-to-End Delay (Aim for < 150 ms)
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Time (msec)
0 100 200 300 400
CB Zone
Satellite Quality
Fax Relay, Broadcast High Quality
Delay Target for Voice (Total, Including Latency)
500 600 700 800
ITU G.114 Recommendation: 0150 msec One-Way Delay
Delay Starting Point for Video
QoS in the WAN
End-to-End Latency for Voice and Video
1. Video takes longer to encode/decode than voice
2. Average is 150-ms encode and 150-ms decode = 300 ms
3. The audio is typically delayed to sync up with the video
(except for VT advantage)
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QoS in the WAN: QoS
Considerations
Best Effort vs. Guaranteed Quality
Guaranteed Voice Quality
Leased Lines
Frame Relay
ATM
ATM/Frame Relay
IP-SEC V
3
PN
MPLS
Call Agents
Business
Critical Calls
Best Effort Voice Quality
DSL
Cable
Wireless
Internet
VPN
Telecommuters
Road Warriors
Intra Company Calls
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Colombia 2008
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Enabling QoS in the WAN
General Guidelines
1. Use LLQ anytime VoIP over the WAN is involved
2. Traffic shaping is a requirement for Frame Relay/
ATM environments
3. Use LFI techniques for all links below 768 Kbps
Dont use LFI for any video-over-IP applications
4. TX-ring sizes may require modification
5. Properly provision the WAN bandwidth
6. Call admission control is a requirement where VoIP calls
can over-subscribe the provisioned Bandwidth
7. Use cRTP carefully
8. Map QoS from L3 (IP precedence or DSCP) to L2 (802.1p)
at remote branches if switch is L2 only
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class-map class-default
match any
class-map match-all voice
match ip dscp ef
Class-map match-all voice-control
match ip dscp af31 ; or CS3
!
policy-map WAN
class voice
priority percent 17
class voice-control
bandwidth percent 2
class class-default
fair-queue
!
interface Serial0/1
ip address 10.1.6.2 255.255.255.0
bandwidth 128
no ip directed-broadcast
service-policy output WAN
!
QoS in the WAN:
Prioritizing Voice Traffic
LLQ
Classify
De-
queue
2 2
3 3
class-map default = remaining
3 2 1 2 1 1
128
kbps
Class-Map Voice = 17%
Any Packet with DSCP = 46
(PHB=EF) Gets Assigned to a
Class that Will Get a High Priority
Queue with 17% Bandwidth
1 1
Priority
Queue
CBWFQ
Low Latency Queuing Example
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Central
Site
Remote Sites
Frame Relay
or ATM
T1 T1
64
kbps
T1
T1
CIR =
64 kbps
Why Is It Needed?
Line speed mismatch
Remote to central site
oversubscription
To prevent bursting above
Committed Rate (CIR)
1
2
3
1 3 2
QoS in the WAN: Traffic Shaping
Line
Rate
R
Traffic Shaping Limits the Transmit
Rate to a Value (R) Lower than Line Rate
Without Traffic Shaping
With Traffic Shaping
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QoS in the WAN
Reducing Serialization Delay for Voice Packets
Link Type LFI Mechanism
Pt-to-Pt Links: MLPPP
Frame Relay: FRF.12
ATM: MLPPP over ATM
ATM/Frame-Relay SIW: MLPPP over ATM and FR
Note *LFI is not required for link speeds greater than 768kbps
Large Data Packet Voice Packet
214-ms Serialization Delay
for 1500 Byte Frame at 56 kbps
Before
Data Frag 1 Data Frag 2 Data Frag 3
After
Link Fragmentation and Interleaving (LFI)
Voice Packet
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Voice
Interleave
WFQ
Link Fragmentation
and Interleave
Low Latency Queuing
Packets
Out
Packets
In
Police
Video
QoS in the WAN
Packet Scheduling, Fragmentation and Interleaving
Best Effort
Signaling
TX
Ring
Critical Data
Layer 3 Queuing Subsystem Layer 2 Queuing Subsystem
PQ
PQ Packets Do Not Go through Fragmentation:
on Low-Link Speeds, You Cannot Put Large
(i.e., Video) Packets in the PQ with Voice
Packets; Therefore Video Traffic Not
Recommended for Link Speeds <768kbps
CBWFQ
Fragment
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Link Capacity = (Min BW for Voice + Min BW for Video + Min BW for Data)/0.75
Voice Is Not FreeEspecially on Low-Speed Links
Engineer the Network for Data, Voice, and Video
QoS in the WAN
Bandwidth Provisioning
Sum of Traffic = 75%
Link Capacity
Video
LLQ = 33%
Reserved
Voice/Video
Control
Data
Routing,
Etc.
Voice
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QoS in the WAN
Provisioning Bandwidth for Voice-Bearer Traffic
A More Accurate Method for Provisioning Is to Include
the Layer 2 Headers into the Bandwidth Calculations:
See Appendix for iLBC codec and SRTP bandwidth calculations
CODEC
Sampling
Rate
Voice Payload
in Bytes
Packets per
Second
Bandwidth per
Conversion
G.711/G722-64k 20 msec 160 50 80 kbps
G.711/G722-64k 30 msec 240 33 74 kbps
G.729A 20 msec 20 50 24 kbps
G.729A 30 msec 30 33 18 kbps
CODEC
Ethernet
14 Byes of
Header
PPP
6 Bytes of
Header
ATM
53 Bytes Cells with
a 48-Byte Payload
Frame Relay
4 Bytes
of Header
G.711/G722-64k at 50 pps 85.6 kbps 82.4 kbps 106 kbps 81.6 kbps
G.711/G722-64k at 33 pps 77.6 kbps 75.5 kbps 84 kbps 75 kbps
G.729A at 50 pps 29.6 kbps 26.4 kbps 42.4 kbps 25.6 kbps
G.729A at 33 pps 22.2 kbps 20 kbps 28 kbps 19.5 kbps
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15 pps
30 pps
I
Frame
10241518
Bytes
I
Frame
10241518
Bytes
P and B Frames
128256 Bytes
600 Kbps
32 Kbps
QoS in the WAN
Video/Cisco TelePresence Bandwidth Variability
1. I frame is a full sample of the video
2. P and B frames use quantization via
motion vectors and prediction algorithms
Note: The Information in This Section Applies to Both
Cisco TelePresence
and Video Applications

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128k = 153k
384k = 460k
512k = 614k
768k = 921k
1.5M = 1.8M
Video Data Rate and
Bandwidth Required
QoS in the WAN
Calculating Layer 2/3 Overhead for Video
1. Harder to calculate video bandwidth
because payload size is variable
(video is bursty!)
2. General rule of thumb is to add 20%
for all Layer 2/Layer 3 overhead
3. Call bandwidth is typically the
maximum transmission bandwidth
of the call; average is usually
much less
For More Information, see Video and Cisco TelePresence Sessions:
BRKVVT-2300 Designing and Deploying IP Video Telephony Networks
BRKVVT-2304 Cisco TelePresence Solution Architecture for the Enterprise
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QoS in the WAN
Provisioning Bandwidth for Signaling Traffic
...
...
Please Refer to UC
SRND 6.X for Encrypted
Call Control Bandwidth
Centralized Call Processing
(As per 6.X SRND, No Encryption)
Number of
IP Phones,
Gateways
SCCP Control
Bandwidth
SIP Control
Bandwidth
1 to 30 8 kbps 8 kbps
50 14 kbps 27 kbps
100 27 kbps 54 kbps
150 40 kbps 81 kbps
Distributed Call Processing
Number of
Virtual Tie Lines
Bandwidth
1 to 70 8 kbps
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cRTP
Header
~24 Bytes
QoS in the WAN
Provisioning Bandwidth with Compressed RTP (cRTP)
1. Compresses RTP + UDP + IP headers (40 bytes) down to 24 bytes
2. Enabled on point-to-point linksimpacts router CPU
Link
Header
IP Header
UDP
Header
RTP
Header
VoIP Packet
X Bytes 20 Bytes 8 Bytes 12 Bytes
Voice
Payload
X Bytes
CODEC
PPP
6 Bytes of Header
without CRTP
PPP
6 Bytes of Header
with CRTP
Percent
Bandwidth
Reduction
G.711 at 50 pps 82.4 kbps 68 kbps 17.5%
G.711 at 33 pps 75.5 kbps 66 kbps 12.5%
G.729A at 50 pps 26.4 kbps 12 kbps 54.5%
G.729A at 33 pps 20 kbps 10.5 kbps 47.5%
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QoS in the WAN
Cisco IOS AutoQoS for WAN Links
1. Similar to AutoQoS in
Cisco Catalyst switches
2. Use AutoDiscovery to:
Determine WAN traffic types
and their offered bit rate
3. Use AutoQoS to:
Apply map classes to match on
QoS values/traffic types
Queue traffic types appropriately
Assign WAN queue bandwidth
based on traffic type
Mark or Re-Mark QoS
DSCP values
Assign QoS policy to
WAN interfaces
IP WAN
PSTN
AutoDiscovery Cisco AutoQoS Policy
Application and
Protocol-Types
Cisco AutoQoS
Class-Maps
Match Statements
Offered Bit Rate
(Average and Peak)
Minimum Bandwidth
to Class Queues,
Scheduling and WRED
*AutoQoS was introduced in 12.3(11)T
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WAN Call Admission Control (CAC)
Why Is It Needed?
Best Practices:
1. Use CAC to control the
number of calls allowed over
the WAN
2. LLQ Bandwidth = the number
of calls x bandwidth per call
3. Bandwidth per call is
codec specific
4. G711 @ 20mS samples =
80kbps
5. G729 @ 20mS samples =
24kbps
IP WAN
Link
IP WAN Links LLQ Is
Provisioned for Two
Calls (Equivalent to
Two Virtual Trunks)
No Physical Limitation
on IP Links; Third Call
Can Go Through, but
Voice Quality of All
Calls Degrades
Call Admission
Control Blocks Third Call
IP WAN
Router/
Gateway CUCM
Note: Codecs that vary their bandwidth based on network conditions (e.g. packet loss) can be
problematic as WAN over-subscription can occur affecting the voice quality of all calls
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Enabling QoS
QoS Approach Summary
Campus Branch Office
Unified CM
Cluster
SRST
Router
IP WAN
PSTN
Classification: Mark the Packets with a Specific Priority Denoting a
Requirement for Class of Service from the Network
Trust Boundary: Define and Enforce a Trust Boundary at the Network Edge
Provisioning: Accurately Calculate the Required Bandwidth
for All Applications Plus Element Overhead
Scheduling: Assign Packets to One of Multiple Queues (Based on
Classification) for Expedited Treatment through the Network
Cisco Networkers
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Inline power
Multiple Qs
802.1p/Q
Fast link
Convergence
Campus
Access
Multiple Qs
802.1p/Q
Classification
Reclassification
Campus
Distribution
Multiple Qs
802.1p/Q
Traffic Shaping
Link Efficiency
(LFI, cRTP)
Classification
Reclassification
WAN
Aggregation
SRST
Router
Multiple Qs
802.1p/Q
Link Efficiency
(LFI, cRTP)
Classification
Reclassification
Branch Router
Inline Power
Multiple Qs
802.1p/Q
Branch Switch
Enabling QoS
Overall QoS Design Summary
IP WAN
Campus
Branch Office
Unified CM
Cluster
PSTN
Bandwidth
Provisioning
Cisco Networkers
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Cisco Networkers
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Overlaying Wireless LANs
Non-Controller-Based Wireless
1. Layer 2 roaming requires
spanning at least two VLANs
between wiring closet switches
Common Trunk or native
VLAN for Access Points (APs)
to communicate to Wireless
Domain Service (WDS)
The Wireless Voice VLAN
2. Use an 802.1Q trunk for switch
to AP connection
3. Different WLAN authentication/
encryption methods require
distinct VLANs
Layer 2
Layer 3
Wireless
VLANs
Fast Secure Roam Using L2
L2
Trunks
Data Data Voice
Voice
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Data Voice
Controller-Based WLAN: The Architectural Shift
1. Cisco WLAN controller and
Wireless Services Module
(WiSM) provide for a
centralized point to bridge all
traffic into the Campus
2. Control and Data traffic is
tunneled to a centralized
controller (via Light Weight
Access Point Protocol LWAPP)
3. No longer a need to span a
VLAN between closets (no STP
loops)
4. No need for trunks between
APs and access layer switches
5. Details in Enterprise Mobility
3.0 Design Guide at
www.cisco.com/go/srnd
Fast Secure Roam with No L2 Loop
WLAN Controllers
Data Voice
LWAPP LWAPP
Wireless
VLANs
L2
Trunks
WiSM
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WLAN Controllers and AP VLAN Considerations
1. Wireless VLANs should not be
used for non-wireless traffic
2. LWAPP encapsulated traffic is
routed via default gateway on this
VLAN
3. Traffic is bridged on a proper VLAN
(corresponding to the SSID) after
being LWAPP-decapsulated
4. APs management IP address is
configured on the native/default
VLAN
5. Define the native VLAN on the
switch port to match the AP
management/ default VLAN
6. For more information, see Breakout
Session BRKAGG-3013 Wireless
LAN Radio Spectrum Management
Best Practice
Unique Native VLANs
WiSM
WLAN Controllers
Campus Core
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The Elements of
Media
Resources
UC
Processing
Agents
Gateway/
Survivable
Remote
PSTN/IP
Gateway
UC
Endpoints
Comms
Endpoints
PSTN
WAN
Aggregation
Router
Branch
Router
Distribution/
Core Switch
Campus
Branch
IP WAN
Access
Switch
Access
Switch
Conf
Voice Mail/
Unified
Messaging
Web /Audio/
Video
Conferencing
XML
Phone
Services
LDAP
Directory
GK GK
MTP MTP
Xcode Xcode
Conf Conf
Si Si Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si Si Si
UC
Applications
UC Infrastructure
What We Have Uncovered So Far
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Agenda
Introduction
Cisco Networkers
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Agenda
Part 1
1. Unified CM Clustering
2. Deployment Models
3. Signaling Protocols
4. Network Services
5. Basic Call Processing
6. Failover and Redundancy
Part 2
1. Media Resources
2. Telephony Gateways and
Fax
3. Cisco Unified Border
Element
4. Survivable Remote
Site Telephony
5. Unified CM Express
6. Call Admission Control
7. Dial Plan
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Unified CM Clustering: MCS Servers
1. Unified CM is installed on a Cisco Media Convergence
Server (MCS)
2. Unified CM 4.x: Cisco Windows OS (two CDs) + Unified
CM application
3. Unified CM 5.x/6.x/7.x: Cisco appliance-based OS and
Unified CM application (one DVD)
4. First server in cluster must be the Publisher server
+ =
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Call Processing Servers (Max. 8)
ccm.exe ccm.exe
ccm.exe ccm.exe
CTI Manager
MoH Server
TFTP Server
Publisher
Software Conferencing
MS-SQL/IDS Subscribers (Max. 19)
Database (DB)
Replication
Unified CM Cluster
Unified CM Clustering: DB Replication and ICCS
Unified CM 4.x: DB=MS-SQL | OS=MS W2K Server
Unified CM 5.x/6.x/7.x: DB=IBM-IDS | OS=Linux
DB DB
DB DB
DB DB
DB DB
DB DB DB DB
DB DB DB DB
ICCS ICCS
DB DB
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Publisher Database
(All Data Writable)
Unified CM 6.x Cluster
DB Replication
DB Subscribers (User Facing Features Are Writable)
Bidirectional User Facing Feature Replication
Logically Unidirectional DB Replication from Publisher
Unified CM Clustering: 6.x/7.x User Facing Features
User Facing Features:
1. Call Forward All
2. Message Waiting Indicator
3. Privacy Enable/Disable
4. Device Mobility
5. Extension Mobility
Login/Logout
6. Do Not Disturb
Enable/Disable
7. Hunt Group Login/Logout
8. CTI CAPF status for end
user
9. Credential hacking and
authentication
Sub
Sub
Sub
Sub
DB DB DB DB
DB DB DB DB
DB DB
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Unified CM Clustering: Properties and Rules
1. The cluster appears as one entity, with a
single point of administration (the publisher)
2. Several functions can be collocated on the same
server, depending on cluster size and server type
3. Maximum of 19 subscribers per cluster (20 servers in
a cluster including the publisher)
4. Maximum of eight call processing servers per cluster
5. Maximum of 7500 IP Phones per Cisco Unified CM
server (server platform dependant)
6. Maximum of 30,000 IP Phones per Cisco Unified CM
cluster (server platform and configuration dependant)
Cisco Networkers
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Agenda
Part 1
4. Network Services
Part 2
1. Media Resources
Fax
Element
Site Telephony
7. Dial Plan
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Deployment Models
1. Physical Location of Unified CM cluster Servers
2. Physical Location of Unified CM cluster IP Phones
3. Number of Unified CM clusters
These Deployment Models Are Call Processing-
Based Models Dictated By:
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Deployment Models
Single Site
1. Unified CM,
applications and DSP
resources at same
physical location
2. Supports up to
30,000 SIP or SCCP
phones per cluster
3. PSTN used for
all external calls
PSTN
Applications
(VMail, IPCC, MP)
Unified CM Cluster
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Deployment Models
Centralized Call Processing
1. Unified CM cluster at central/HQ site
2. Applications and DSP resources can be centralized or distributed
3. Supports up to 30,000 SIP or SCCP phones per cluster
4. If WAN is busy, transparent use of PSTN (Automated Alternate Routing
AAR)
5. Survivable Remote Site Telephony (SRST) for remote branches
6. Maximum 1000 sites per cluster (500 branches before Unified CM 6.x)
PSTN
IP WAN
Headquarters
Branch A
Branch B
SRST-Enabled
Routers
Applications
(VMail, IPCC, MP)
Unified CM
Cluster
Cisco Networkers
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Deployment Models
Distributed Call Processing (Unified CM-Unified CM Model)
1. Unified CM, applications, and DSPs located at
each site
2. Up to 30,000 SIP or SCCP phones per cluster
3. 100+ sites
4. Transparent use of PSTN if IP WAN
unavailable
5. Each cluster can be single site or
centralized call processing topology
Gatekeeper
Regional Branch A
Regional Branch B
Headquarters
IP WAN
PSTN
Applications
(VMail, IPCC, MP)
Unified CM
Cluster
Unified CM
Cluster
Applications
Applications
Unified CM
Cluster GK GK
GK GK
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Deployment Models
Distributed Call Processing (Unified CM-Unified CME Model)
1. Unified CM, applications located at HQ or
Branch site
2. DSP resources located at each site
3. Up to 30,000 phones per Unified CM cluster
4. Up to 240 phones per Unified CME
5. 100+ sites
6. Transparent use of PSTN if IP
WAN unavailable
Gatekeeper
Regional Branch A
Regional Branch B
Headquarters
IP WAN
PSTN
Applications
(VMail, IPCC, MP)
Cisco Unified
Communications
Manager Express
Unified
CME
GK GK
Unified CM
Cluster
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Distance
San Jose San Francisco
Deployment Models
Clustering over the WAN (CoW)
1. Unified CM servers in a cluster separated by WAN for spatial redundancy
2. Applications may be located at each site, thus separated by WAN
3. Single point of administration, feature transparency (e.g. Extension Mobility),
unified dial plan
4. Maximum 40-ms round-trip delay between any two Unified CM across the WAN
5. 900 kbps bandwidth for each 10,000 BHCA between sites
6. Maximum of eight active locations
Increased to
80-ms RTT
in 6.1
B/W Required
Increased in
6.1
Unified CM Cluster
Voice Mail Voice Mail
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Agenda
Part 1
4. Network Services
Part 2
1. Media Resources
Fax
Element
Site Telephony
7. Dial Plan
Cisco Networkers
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Signaling Protocols: Unified CM as Protocol Translator
S
C
C
P
H
.
3
2
3
Gateways
Analog
Phones
Wireless IP Phones
IP Phones
Analog Phones
PC-Based
IP Phones
Gateways
IP Phones
SIP Networks
Video
Terminals
Gateways
Analog
Phones
Applications
Servers
(JTAPI/CTI)
Call Agents
C
T
I
/
Q
B
E
SIP
Session Initiation Protocol
Skinny Client Control Protocol
ITU-T H.323 Standard
Computer Telephony Integration/
Quick Buffer Encoding
M
G
C
P
Media Gateway Control Protocol
T
e
l
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
c
e
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Cisco Unified Communications Integrates Rich, Native SIP and
SIMPLE Support on Both Line-Side and Trunk-Side Interfaces with
Integrated Presence on Phones and Applications While Maintaining
Seamless Inter-Working with Existing H.323, MGCP, SCCP,
TAPI/JTAPI and Q.SIG Protocols
Cisco Unified
Personal
Communicator
Unified
Messaging
CTI Apps
Gateways
Rich-Media
Conferencing
Cisco Unified
Presence Server
Cisco and
3
rd
-party Phones
Soft
Phones
Video
Endpoints
Unified CME
Microsoft
LCS
IBM
Sametime
Unified CM 5.x/6.x
Unified CM 5.x/6.x
Carriers/
Other Vendors
PBXs
SCCP
MGCP
H.323
CTI
SIP/SIMPLE
CSTA over SIP
Conf/ Xcode
DSP Resources
Signaling Protocols
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Agenda
Part 1
4. Network Services
Part 2
1. Media Resources
Fax
Element
Site Telephony
7. Dial Plan
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Network Services: IP Phone Bootup Process
1. Inline Power (ILP)
Inline Power Initialization
2. Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) or Link Layer
Discovery Protocol-Media Endpoint Discovery
(LLDP-MED)
ILP Negotiation, Voice VLAN ID
3. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
IP Assignment, TFTP Server Allocation, DNS (optional)
4. Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Configuration File, IP Phone Firmware
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On Phone: Mute, Headset, Speaker Buttons Are Illuminated
Inline Power
AC Low Frequency Fast Link Pulse (FLP)
Reflected FLP
Cisco
Catalyst
Switch
Cisco Prestandard
802.3af
DC Current
Return Current (Resistive Detection)
Network Services: Inline Power
DC Current
Attenuated DC Current (Classification)
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Network Services: CDP or LLDP-MED
1. Phone displays:Configuring VLAN
2. Phone settings:Settings=>NetCfg=>Operational VLAN ID
Inline Power Provided
Cisco
Catalyst
Switch
CDP/LLDP-MED
(ILP, Voice VLAN, Ext. Trust Value, PC)
LLDP-MED is supported as of IP Phone Firmware 8.3(3)
LLDP-MED and CDP White Paper:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/technologies/tk652/tk701/technologies_white_paper0900aecd804cd46d.html
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1. Phone displays:Configuring IP
(DNS is optional)
2. Phone settings:Settings=>NetCfg=>DHCP Server
Settings=>NetCfg=>IP Address
Settings=>NetCfg=>TFTP Server X
CDP/LLDP Neighbored
DHCP Req
DHCP Rsp (IP Add, Def-GW, TFTP, DNS*)
DHCP
Server
Cisco
Catalyst
Switch
DHCP Request Must Be Made in
the Correct VLAN to Place the
Phone in the Correct Subnet!!
Inline Power Provided
Option 150 or Option 66
Network Services: DHCP
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CM Group: UCM1
UCM2
Publisher
UCM1
UCM2
UCMx
TFTP
Device Pool
TFTP: GET Configuration File(s) for MAC
Phone Configuration, Firmware Download
(If Required)
1=UCM1: 10.1.1.1
2=UCM2: 10.1.1.2
R
e
g
is
tra
tio
n
(S
C
C
P
, S
IP
)
Backup Link
Unified CM
Cluster
Network Services: TFTP
MAC Address:
001956A6A7ED
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Agenda
Part 1
4. Network Services
Part 2
1. Media Resources
Fax
Element
Site Telephony
7. Dial Plan
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Basic Call Processing: Single Site Deployment Model
Signaling Leg 1
Dialed Digits
Alerting (Ringback)
Connect Media
S
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
g

L
e
g

2
A
l
e
r
t

(
R
i
n
g
)
O
f
f
h
o
o
k
C
o
n
n
e
c
t

M
e
d
i
a
Dial Plan Lookup
Media
(RTP Stream)
IP Phone A
IP Phone B
Unified CM
Offhook
IP Phone to IP Phone Example
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Basic Call Processing: Single Site Deployment Model
Signaling Leg 1
Dialed Digits
Alerting (Ringback)
Connect Media (OLC)
S
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
g

L
e
g

3
A
l
e
r
t

(
R
i
n
g
)
O
f
f
h
o
o
k
C
o
n
n
e
c
t

M
e
d
i
a

(
O
L
C
)
Dial Plan Lookup
Media
(RTP Stream)
IP Phone A
IP Phone B
Unified CM
Cluster
Offhook
ICCS
Intra-Cluster IP Phone to IP Phone Example
Cisco Networkers
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Basic Call Processing: Centralized Deployment Model
1. Call Processing is essentially the same in this
deployment model as in the single site case; IP
makes the technology more topology independent
Unified CM
IP WAN
IP Phone A
IP Phone B
S
ig
n
a
lin
g
L
e
g
1
S
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
g

L
e
g

2
Media
Dial Plan Lookup
IP Phone to IP Phone Example
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IP Trunk
Basic Call Processing: Distributed Deployment Model
IP WAN
Unified CM
Cluster 1
Unified CM
Cluster 2
Media
S
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
g

L
e
g

1
S
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
g

L
e
g

3
Signaling Leg 2
Dial Plan Lookup
Call Setup
Dial Plan Lookup
Alerting
Connect
IP Phone A IP Phone B
Inter-Cluster IP Phone to IP Phone Example
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Basic Call Processing: Distributed Deployment Model
IP WAN
Unified CM
Cluster 1
Unified CM
Cluster 2
Media
S
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
g

L
e
g

1
S
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
g

L
e
g

5
Signaling Leg 3
Dial Plan Lookup
Dial Plan Lookup
IP Phone A IP Phone B
GK
S
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
g

L
e
g

2
D
i
a
l

P
l
a
n

R
e
s
/
C
A
C
S
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
g

L
e
g

4
D
P

R
e
s
/
C
A
C
Inter-Cluster with Gatekeeper IP Phone
to IP Phone Example
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Basic Call Processing: Cluster over WAN Deployment Model
Signaling Leg 1
Signaling Leg 2
Dial Plan Lookup
Media
(RTP Stream)
IP Phone B
Unified CM
Cluster
ICCS
IP Phone A
IP WAN
Intra-Cluster IP Phone to IP Phone Example
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Agenda
Part 1
4. Network Services
Part 2
1. Media Resources
Fax
Element
Site Telephony
7. Dial Plan
Cisco Networkers
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Directory Services
Call Processing
CTI/QBE I/F
SCCP I/F
MGCP I/F
H.323 I/F
Software MTP
Music on Hold
Active
Unified CM Server
Cisco Unity
Vmail Server
JTAPI
IP-IVR
IP Phones
Gateways
DSP Resources
Conferencing
DSP Resources
Transcoding
Intra-Cluster
Communications
(ICCS)
SIP I/F
Unified CM Subscriber
Unified CM Subscriber
F
a
i
l
e
d
TFTP
Directory Services
Call Processing
CTI/QBE I/F
SCCP I/F
MGCP I/F
H.323 I/F
Software MTP
Music on Hold
SIP I/F
TFTP
Failover and Redundancy: Server Redundancy
Xcode Xcode
Conf Conf
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Failover and Redundancy: 1:1 vs. 2:1 Redundancy
1. Cost-efficient redundancy
2. High Availability
during upgrades
3. Maximum of 10,000 backup
registrations/server
1. Load-sharing
redundancy
2. High Availability
during upgrades
3. Faster failover
1 to
2500
2501 to
5000
Backup
2:1 Redundancy Scheme 1:1 Redundancy Scheme
1 to
1250
1251 to
2500
2501 to
3750
3751 to
5000
MCS 7835 Supports 2500 Phones/Server
Cisco Networkers
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Failover and Redundancy: 1:1 Redundancy Example
1. MCS 7845 supports 7500
phones/server
2. Load-share between primary
and backup servers
B
a
c
k
u
p
Publisher and
TFTP Server(s)
To 7,500 IP Phones To 15,000 IP Phones To 30,000 IP Phones
Publisher and
TFTP Server(s) Publisher and
TFTP Server(s)
1 to 3750: Primary
3751 to 7500: Backup
1
3750
3751 to
7500
7501
11,250
11,251
15,000
15,001
18,250
18,251
22,500
22,501
26,250
26,251
30,000
3751 to 7500: Primary
1 to 3750: Backup
1
3750
3751
7500
7501
11,250
11,251
15,000
Phone Set 1 Phone Set 2
B
a
c
k
u
p
P
r
im
a
r
y
P
r
im
a
r
y
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Publisher Database
(All Data Writable)
Unified CM 6.x/7.x Cluster
DB Replication
DB Subscribers (User Facing Features Are Writable)
Bidirectional User Facing Feature Replication
Logically Unidirectional DB Replication from Publisher
Failover and Redundancy
Database Resiliency (Unified CM Version 6.x)
User Facing Features:
1. Call Forward All
2. Message Waiting
Indicator (MWI)
3. Privacy Enable/Disable
4. Device Mobility
5. Extension Mobility
Login/Logout
6. Do Not Disturb Enable/Disable
7. Hunt Group Login/Logout
8. CTI CAPF status for end user
9. Credential hacking and
authentication
DB DB DB DB
DB DB DB DB
DB DB
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Unified CM Cluster
Failover and Redundancy: Media Survivability
1. Media does not fail during
loss of connectivity to
Unified CM
2. No Services (e.g. hold,
transfer, etc.) when
Unified CM not available
3. Once the call is complete,
phones re-register to
backup Unified CM
Media
L
i
n
k

F
a
i
l
u
r
e
Signaling
Traffic
Signaling
Traffic
SCCP IP Phone SIP IP Phone
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Normal Operation
Central Site
Branch Site
SRST
Capable
Router
IP WAN
PSTN
Signaling Traffic
Failover and Redundancy: Survivable Remote Site Telephony
1. IP Phones have SRST router IP as the last option in their CM GROUP configuration
2. Support for both SIP and SCCP IP Phones
3. With SRST, only a subset of features are available to the phones (DID, DOD, call hold,
transfer, speed dial, caller ID, etc.)
4. H323 PSTN GW connectivity option during failure modes via VoIP/POTS dial-peers; MGCP
GWs require the MGCP Fallback to H323 feature
Voice Traffic
Signaling Traffic
Voice Traffic
Unified CM
Cluster
Applications
WAN Failure
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Infrastructure
Part 2
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Agenda
Part 1
4. Network Services
Part 2
1. Media Resources
Fax
Element
4. Unified Survivable Remote
Site Telephony
7. Dial Plan
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Media Resources
Conferencing, Transcoding, Music on Hold
1. Conference Bridge
DSPs needed for multi-
codec conferences
2. Media Termination Point
Media Termination
DSPs optional
3. Transcoding
DSPs needed to transcode
multiple CODEC types (e.g.,
G.711 to G.729)
Automatic codec selection
4. Music on Hold
Multiple source types possible
(centralized or branch-
based)
Cisco
Unified
CM
Cluster
IP WAN
...
IVR
Conference
Bridge
MTP
Transcoder
Music
on Hold
Conf Conf
Xcode Xcode
MTP MTP
PSTN
Cisco Networkers
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Media Resource Group Lists
and Media Resource Groups
1st
Choice
2nd
Choice
User Needs
Media
Resource
1st
Choice
2nd
Choice
2nd
Choice
1st
Choice
Assigned to Device
Directly or via
Device Pool
Media
Resource
Manager
Media
Resource
Group List
Media
Resource
Group
Media
Resource
1
Media
Resource
1
Media
Resource
2
Media
Resource
3
Media
Resource
Group
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Site B
Site A
MRGLA
MRGA
MRGLB
MRGB
Device PoolA
CM Group
Date/Time Group
Region
Media Resource Group List
Device PoolB
CM Group
Date/Time Group
Region
Assign a MRGL Directly
to the Device Take a
Higher Priority than
Device-Pool Based
Configuration
For Groups of Devices that Dont
Need Special Media Resources or
Cant Be Assigned a MRGL Directly
Assign the MRGL via the Device Pool
Media Resources
MRGL and Device Association
Media
Resources
Media
Resources
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MRM Resource Selection
1. MRGL will contain MRGs
2. MRGs are read in order as they were configured
(MrgA, MrgB, MrgC, etc.)
3. MRM will walk through the MRG in this order, MrgA
first, if resource in MrgA is exhausted then MrgB, if
resource in MrgB is exhausted then MrgC
4. The resource in each MRG is round robin based on
the most available capacity of each device
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Group Resources by Type
A B
C
RTP
Result
Use All Software Conference
Resources First, then Hardware
Conference Resources
I Would Like to Conference to
Phone C. Is There Any
Conference Resource
Available?
Software MRG
MTP1
MTP2
SW-CONF1
SWCONF2
Hardware MRG
XCODE1
XCODE2
HW-CONF1
HW-CONF2
Resource_List
1
2
3
MOH MRG
MOH1
MOH2
Cisco Networkers
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Group Resources by Location
Result
Devices Use
Resources at Their
Location First
Dallas MRG
XCODE1
HW-CONF1
MOH2
Hub_MRG
MTP1
MTP2
MOH1
SW-CONF1
SW-CONF2
SanJose_MRG
XCODE2
HW-CONF2
MOH3
Dallas_List
1
2
3
SanJose_MRG
XCODE2
HW-CONF2
MOH3
Hub_MRG
MTP1
MTP2
MOH1
SW-CONF1
SW-CONF2
Dallas MRG
XCODE1
HW-CONF1
MOH2
SanJose_List
1
2
3
Dallas
San Jose
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
98
Restrict Access
to Conference Resources
MTP MRG
MTP1
MTP2
CONF MRG
SW-CONF1
SWCONF2
HW-CONF1
HW-CONF2
MOH MRG
MOH1
MOH2
Resource_List
1
2
3
XCODE MRG
XCODE1
XCODE2
4
MTP MRG
MTP1
MTP2
MOH MRG
MOH1
MOH2
NO_CONF_List
1
2
3
XCODE MRG
XCODE1
XCODE2
Result
Device Cannot Use
Any Conference
Resources
A
Cisco Networkers
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Central
Site
Remote Site
Cisco
Unified CM
cluster
PSTN
Conf
External caller X calls Ano voice across WAN
A conferences B in
A
B
X
Three voice streams across WAN
Media Resources
Centralized Conferencing Resources
1. No media survivability if WAN goes down
IP WAN
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
100
A
B
MRG = Media Resource Group
MRGL = Media Resource Group List
Device
Pool
A
B
Device
Pool
1. Br1
2. HQ1
3. HQ2
MRGL
Media Resources
Distributed Conferencing Resources
1. Conference between A, B, and XNo
voice across WAN
2. Requires extra hardware
at branch
3. Only 3-way conferencing in CUCM
fallback mode
HQ
Branch
Cisco
Unified CM
Cluster
IP WAN
PSTN
X
Conf
Conf
MRG=HQ1
Conf
Conf
MRG=HQ2
Conf
MRG=Br1
1. HQ1
2. HQ2
MRGL
Cisco Networkers
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101
Central
Site
Branch
IP WAN
A
B
X
Distributed
DSPs
MRG
Conf
Central
Site
Branch
PSTN
Conf
A
B
X
Media Resources
Centralized vs. Distributed DSPs
MRG
Conf
Conf
MRG
Conf
Conf
Centralized
DSPs
$ Bandwidth vs. $ Hardware
Cisco
Unified CM
Cluster
Cisco
Unified CM
Cluster
IP WAN
PSTN
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
102
Intelligent Bridge Selection (New in 7.0)
Problem: If a video bridge is defined as a primary media resource, then
Unified CM will use that bridge whether or not video is involved.
Customers have to provision enough video bridge ports to support
both.
Solution: Unified CM will search endpoints of an ad hoc conference for
video capability at the start of the conference
If 2 (configurable) or more conference participants are video enabled,
a video bridge will be assigned
If only 1 or none conference participants are video, an audio bridge
will be assigned
If no video bridge ports are available, then an audio bridge will be
assigned
If not enough bandwidth for video, video bridge is still allocated but
conference will fallback to audio only
Supported intra-cluster, SIP and H.323 ICTs
Endpoint must be configured and enabled (e.g. CVTA with camera
installed)
Applies to Conference, Join and CBarge, not Meet-Me nor Barge
Cisco Networkers
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Media Resources
Media Termination Point and Transcoder
1. Terminates media streams (same codec type)
2. Transrating of media streams (20ms 30ms)
3. H.323 Outbound FastStart (vs. slow start)
4. SIP outbound early-offer (vs. delayed-offer)
5. DTMFRelay
6. Enhanced version of MTP resource
7. Transcoder = converts from one codec to another
Codec B
Codec A
MTP MTP
Xcoder Xcoder
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
104
NM-HDV
NM-HDV2
ISR (onboard)
WS 6608 (32 parties)
CMM (128 parties)
NM-HDV2 (eight parties)
Hardware CFB
Software CFB
Media Resources
DSP Platform Recommendations
Central Site Remote Site
Cisco
Unified CM
Cluster
Conf Conf Conf Conf
PSTN
IP WAN
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
105
Media Resources
MoH Configuration: Audio Source and Server Selection
The Configured User/Network Hold Audio Source
of the Endpoint/Network Resource Initiating
the Hold Event
and
The Configured Media Resource Group List
of the Endpoint Being Placed on Hold
The MoH Stream that an Endpoint Receives Is
Determined by a Combination of the Following:
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
106
Media Resources
MoH Audio Source and Server Selection
MRGL A
MRG A
MOH A
MRGL A
MRGL B
MRG B
MOH B
User Hold Audio Source = Audio-source4
Media Resource Group List = MRGL A
Phone A
User Hold Audio Source = Audio-source2
Media Resource Group List = MRGL B
Phone B
Hold
RTP
Audio-source1
Audio-source2
Audio-source3
Audio-source4
Audio-source1
Audio-source2
Audio-source3
Audio-source4
Audio-source2
Audio-source2
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
107
Media Resources
MoH Configuration Multicast Addressing
1. Configure multicast MoH sources to use multicast
group addresses in the range:
239.1.1.1 to 239.255.255.255
2. Configure multicast MoH sources to increment on
IP address not port number
Increment on IP Address for Two Reasons:
1. Cisco IP Phones Have No Concept of Multicast Port
Numbers
2. IP Routers Route Multicast Traffic Based on Multicast
Address Not Port Numbers
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
108
Media Resources
Multi-Site Centralized: MoH from Central Server
PSTN
Headquarters
Branch A
Branch B
SRST-Enabled
Router

Phone B
Phone A
Phone D
Phone C
If MoH Stream Is Multicast then the Stream Will Be Allowed
If MoH Stream Is Unicast then the Stream Will Be Rejected
Oversubscribed
WAN Bandwidth
X
RTP
Cisco
Unified CM
Cluster
Only Unicast MoH Streams Are Tracked by Locations-Based CAC

Location Branch B
Bandwidth = 24 Kbps/1 call
Location Branch B
Bandwidth = 0 Kbps/0 Calls
IP WAN
RTP
Hold
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
109
Media Resources
Centralized Multi-Site: Mcast MoH from Router Flash
1. Stream multicast MoH from Branch router flash
2. Works whether branch is operating in Unified SRST
mode or not
PSTN
IP WAN
Headquarters
Branch A
Cisco Unified
CM Cluster
SRST-Enabled
Router
Hold
RTP

Phone B
Max Hop (TTL) = 1
or
ACL to Stop Forwarding
Multicast Address: 239.1.1.1
RTP Port: 16384
Phone A
X
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
110
Media Resources
Music on Hold: Server Configuration
Maximum Number of
Streams (Affects Capacity)
Location of MoH Server;
Required for CAC
Enables Multicast Support
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
111
Media Resources
Centralized Multi-Site: Multicast MoH from Router Flash
1. Configuration for multicast MoH from branch
router flash:
2. Even if not using SRST, a minimum of one max-dn
and one max-ephones must also be configured
3. Stream multicast MoH from flash whether in Unified
SRST mode or not
4. Configuration is the same in either case
SRST-router (config)# call-manager-fallback
SRST-router (config-cm-fallback)# moh flash-audio-file.au
SRST-router (config-cm-fallback)# multicast moh 239.1.1.1 port 16384 route 10.1.1.254
SRST-router (config-cm-fallback)# max-dn 1
SRST-router (config-cm-fallback)# max-ephones 1
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
112
Media Resources
MoH Multiple Fixed/Live Audio Sources
Cisco Unified CM
Cluster with Dedicated
MoH Server

Phone B Phone A
Central Site
Hold
RTP
Media Server
Radio Station

X
Multicast Address: 239.1.1.1
RTP Port: 16384
Max Hop (TTL) = 1
or
ACL to STOP Forwarding
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
113
Media Resource Key Takeaways
1. CFB, MTP, XCODE, MOH are media resources
2. Media ResourceMRGMRGL
3. Load Balance (round-robin) Similar Media Resources
within an MRG
4. MRM walks through MRG in order top-down
5. Next MRG in MRGL is used required resource is
exhausted or has failed (unregistered)
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
114
Agenda
Part 1
4. Network Services
Part 2
1. Media Resources
Fax
Element
Site Telephony
7. Dial Plan
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
115
PSTN
Router/
Gateway
Cisco Unified CM
IP WAN
Gateways
Gateway Selection Criteria
1. Voice port density requirements
2. Signaling protocol (H.323, MGCP, SIP, etc.)
3. Support for required PSTN signaling types
4. Support for required WAN interfaces and QoS
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
116
H.245
Gateways
H.323
1. All PSTN signaling terminates on gateway
2. H.225 communication between gateway and
Cisco Unified CM
3. H.323 is a peer-to-peer protocol: each side
can make decisions
Framing
PRI Layer 3
Layer 2
Cisco Unified CM
P
S
T
N
H.225
TDM IP
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
117
Gateways
SIP
1. All PSTN signaling terminates on gateway
2. SIP communication between gateway and
Cisco Unified CM
3. SIP is a peer-to-peer protocol: each side
can make decisions
Framing
PRI Layer 3
Layer 2
P
S
T
N
SIP over UDP/TCP/TLS
TDM IP
Cisco Unified CM
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
118
Gateways
MGCP: Q.931 Backhaul
1. Framing and layer 2 signaling terminates at the gateway
2. Layer 3 signaling is backhauled to the Cisco Unified CM
3. MGCP is a client-server protocol: all call-related decision
making is done by the server
4. MGCP 0.1 with Cisco Unified CM only
Framing
PRI Layer 3
Layer 2
Q.931 Backhaul over TCP
P
S
T
N
MGCP over UDP
Call Signaling
TDM IP
Cisco Unified CM
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
119
The Power of Cisco IOS Dial-Peers:
H.323 and SIP
Dial-Peers Allow You to:
1. Switch calls intelligently if required (interpret the dial plan)
2. Digit manipulation (called, calling and numbering plan)
3. Failover (preferences) to alternate destinations
4. Load balancing
5. Video ISDN switching
6. Insert applications into the call path: TCL/VXML
Build support for signaling variations (e.g. CLID on T1 CAS)
Hookflash trunk release on FXO
VXML call control for call centers
Redistribute calls-in-q for CVP
AA in the GW
IP
PSTN
dp 1 voip
dp 2 voip
dp 3 voip
dp 10 pots
dp 11 pots
dp 12 pots
These Capabilities
Do Not Exist for
MGCP-Controlled GWs
Cisco Networkers
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120
Protocol Deployment Considerations
1. MGCP
2. High-density GWs
3. Dedicated GW platforms
4. Caller ID/name
5. Digital TDM protocol
6. QSIG connectivity
7. Other considerations
1. H.323/SIP
2. Low-density
3. Dual purpose
4. Caller ID on analog FXO
required
5. Mixes PSTN TDM protocols
6. CVP/VXML application control
Large/Campus
Sites
Small/Branch
Sites
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
121
Protocol Deployment Considerations
1. Characteristics of larger site(s)
often best served by MGCP
2. High-density GWs to PSTN,
often PRI
3. Dedicated GW platforms
4. Caller ID/name delivery required
5. Digital TDM protocol (often PRI)
6. QSIG connectivity (with
supplementary services) to
legacy PBXs required
NFAS is H.323/SIP only
Very high density GWs such
as T3 (5x00) are H.323/SIP only
1. Characteristics of branch site(s)
often best served by H.323/SIP
2. Low-density GW to PSTN,
often analog
3. GW and router features used on
same platform (integrated access)
4. Caller ID on analog FXO required
5. Mixes of PSTN TDM protocols
required (FXO, A-DID, BRI,
Frac-PRI)
6. CVP/VXML application control
Can mix H.323 and MGCP on the
same GW (not on same voice port)
H.323 dial-peers are needed anyway
for MGCP GW Fallback
Large/Campus
Sites
Small/Branch
Sites
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
122
Protocol and Platform Summary
Gateway Platform
Line Side Trunk Side
SCCP (FXS) H.323 SIP
MGCP
(CUCM)
VG224 Yes Yes Yes Yes
VG248 Yes No No No
1751/60 No Yes Yes Yes
1800 Yes* Yes Yes Yes*
2600XM, 2691 No Yes Yes Yes
2800 Yes Yes Yes Yes
3700 No Yes Yes Yes
3800 Yes Yes Yes Yes
5x00 No Yes Yes No
7x00 No Yes Yes No
Cisco Catalyst
6K CMM
No Yes Yes Yes
Cisco Networkers
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123
MGCP, SIP, H.323
Standalone, Router-integrated
Platforms:
WS-X6608, CMM
26XX, 28XX
37XX, 38XX
H.323, SIP, MGCP fallback
to H.323
Standalone, Router-integrated
Platforms:
17XX, 18XX
26xx, 28XX
37xx, 38xx
Gateways
Protocol and Platform Recommendations
Central Site
Remote Site
Cisco
Unified CM
Cluster
SRST
Router
Router/
Gateway
PSTN
IP WAN
Cisco Networkers
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124
Gateways
Fax Pass-Through
1. No demodulation of fax traffic (like a VoIP call)
2. Recommendation: hard-code codec to G.711
for call admission control
3. When a fax call is detected:
Echo cancellation is disabled
Jitter buffer size is increased
VAD is disabled
4. Group Three (9600 kbps)best case 14,400 kbps
IP
Network
T.30 Signaling +
Modulated Data
Cisco Networkers
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125
Gateways
Cisco Fax Relay
1. Cisco fax relay is negotiated over the media stream
in-bandCisco Unified CM handles it like a voice call
2. T.30 is demodulated at the inbound gateway
3. Demodulated data is sent to the outbound gateway for
modulation
4. Maximum speed: 14,400 kbps with G.711
T.30 T.30 Demodulated Data
IP
Network
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/voice/c_access/fxmdmnt.htm#xtocid5
Cisco Networkers
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126
Gateways
T.38 Fax Relay
1. T.38 fax gateways provide the following functions
Demodulation of incoming T.30 fax signals at the transmitting gateway (T.30 is the
standard procedure for fax transmission in the PSTN)
Translation of T.30 fax signals into T.38 Internet Fax Protocol (IFP) packets
Exchange of IFP packets between the transmitting and receiving T.38 gateways
Translation of T.38 IFP packets back into T.30 signals at the receiving gateway
2. T.38 Fax Relay Call Control
The T.38 fax relay feature can be configured for H.323, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP),
and Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) call control protocols
T.30 T.30 T.38 over H.323/SIP/MGCP
IP
Network
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_4t/voice/cisco_ios_fax_and_modern_services_over_ip_a
pplication_guide/638.html
Cisco Networkers
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127
Agenda
Part 1
4. Network Services
Part 2
1. Media Resources
Fax
Element
Site Telephony
7. Dial Plan
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
128
Cisco Unified Border Element
(Formerly Cisco Multi-Service IP-to-IP Gateway)
1. A Border Element is an essential component that allows the network to provide services for
interconnecting IP based communications
2. Examples: SIP Trunk interconnects; business-to-business CTS
3. Co-existence with other features such as MTP, Unified SRST, TDM GW
Session
Management
Inter-working
Security
Demarcation
H.323 to SIP
SIP to SIP
SIP Profiles and Variants
Cisco IOS
Firewall Integration
RTP Media Validation
Signaling Protection
Call Admission Control
IP QoS/SLA
Fault Isolation
Call Accounting
Topology Hiding
Cisco Unified
Border
Element
Cisco Unified
Border
Element
CUBE CUBE
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
129
Simplified Architecture
Media Bypasses the CUBE
Media Flow-Around
Signaling Leg: 1
Media Leg: 1 Media Leg: 2
Media Flow-Through
Signaling Leg: 2
Signaling Leg: 1 Signaling Leg: 2
Generates Two IP Call Legs
CUBE CUBE
CUBE CUBE
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
130
Voice Call Support
In Leg Out Leg Support
Fast Start Fast Start Bi-Directional
Slow Start Slow Start Bi-Directional
Fast Start Slow Start Bi-Directional
H.323-H.323
Fast Start Early Offer Bi-Directional
Slow Start Delayed Offer Bi-Directional
Early Offer Early Offer Bi-Directional
Delayed Offer Delayed Offer Bi-Directional
Delayed Offer Early Offer Bi-Directional
H.323-SIP
SIP-SIP
Cisco Networkers
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131
Media
UDP
H.225 (Q.931)
TCP
Connect
Setup (FastStart)
RTP
RTP
H.323
Gateway or
Endpoint
H.323
Gateway or
Endpoint
Media
UDP
H.245
UDP/TCP
H.225 (Q.931)
TCP
H.323 (RAS)
UDP
Admission Confirm
Admission Request
H.323
Gateway or
Endpoint
H.323
Gatekeeper
H.323
Gateway or
Endpoint
Connect
Setup
OpenLogicalChannel
TCS
OpenLogicalChannelAck
RTP
RTP
In H.323v2 Fast Connect H.245
Messages Are Encapsulated in
the H.225 Call Setup (FastStart
Element); This Eliminates the
Steps Required for H.245
Capabilities Exchange and Thus
Reduces the Call Setup Delay
GK GK
H.323 Slow Start vs. Fast Start
Cisco Networkers
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132
SIP Proxy
SIP
User Agent/
Endpoint
SIP
User Agent/
Endpoint Media
UDP
SIP
TCP/UDP/TLS
RTP
RTP
100 Trying
Invite with SDP
200 OK without SDP (Answer)
SIP SIP
Media
UDP
SIP
TCP/UDP/TLS
SIP
User Agent /
Endpoint
SIP Proxy
SIP
User Agent/
Endpoint
100 Trying
Invite without SDP
RTP
RTP
200 OK with SDP (Answer)
180 Ringing/183 Session Progress
SIP SIP
Early Offer Refers to Sending
the Session Description
Protocol (SDP) Information
with the Invite in Order to
Receive Early Media; Often
Used for In-Band Ringing
Tone and Announcements
SIP Delayed Offer vs. Early Offer
Cisco Networkers
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133
Address Hiding
1. Within the same companybetween departments
having overlapping addresses
2. Integrating new acquisition into the existing
voice network
Cisco Unified
CM Cluster
Site A
Unified Border
Element
Site B
Unified Border
Element
IP WAN
Site A192.168.10.x/24 Site B192.168.10.x/24
10.10.10.x/24
IP WAN
Cisco Unified
CM Cluster
192.168.10.10 192.168.10.50 192.168.10.10 192.168.10.50 10.10.10.5 10.10.10.6
CUBE CUBE CUBE CUBE
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
134
Agenda
Part 1
4. Network Services
Part 2
1. Media Resources
Fax
Element
Site Telephony
7. Dial Plan
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
135
IP Phone Failover
Unified Survivable Remote Site Telephony (SRST)
1. Phones have list of backup Cisco Unified CMs to fail over to in case
of no response to keepalives
SRST is the Cisco Unified CM of last resort in the phone list
2. SRST only controls IP phone connectivityit does not provide or control
GW connectivity or availability
3. PSTN GW connectivity during failure modes:
POTS/VoIP dial-peers
MGCP GWs requires the MGCP GW failover feature
Calls from IP phones (under SRST) access the dial-peers to route calls
CUCM
Cluster
WAN
SCCP Keepalive
to Unified CM
SCCP Keepalive to SRST If
Unified CM Does Not
Respond
PSTN
Dial-Peers Control GW Call Routing
X
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
136
Voice Gateway Failover
1. MGCP requires failover features
2. When call agent is out of contact,
MGCP GW fails over to local
control
H.323, SIP or POTS dial-peers
ISDN D-channel is reset to gain
control of call state
3. Flapping IP links interfere
significantly with call setup
Call agent registration and state
are affected
1. H.323/SIP intrinsically resilient
No special failover features, just
dial-peer configuration
2. Successive VoIP/POTS dial-peers
(by preference) attempted on failure
3. Each call setup attempt is treated
independently
Same sequence of dial-peers
4. Flapping IP links do not
interfere significantly with call
setup operation
Unified
CM
H.323/SIP
MGCP
PSTN
Unified
CM
IP
X
GW Switches to
H.323/SIP/POTS Dial-Peers
During MGCP Fallback
MGCP Registration,
Keepalives and Backhaul
PSTN
GK
SIP Proxy
IP
1
2
3
4
X
VoIP Dial-Peers POTS Dial-Peer
Cisco Networkers
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137
Cisco IOS GW
Audio Preservation Summary
1. Audio is preserved with no
supplementary services
2. Audio is preserved as long
as the RTP stream is not
interrupted by the failure
From Cisco IOS 12.4.4XC and 12.4.9T
From CUCM 4.1.3-SR2 and Later
H.323 MGCP SIP
PRI Sec CUCM Failure Preserve Preserve Preserve
Unified CM to
Unified SRST
ISDN Preserved
(Disable
TCP Timer)
Fail
Preserve
Non-ISDN Preserve
Flapping Links Preserve
Failures
Depend on
Timing
Failures
Depend on
Timing
VXML Calls in Queue
TCL Script
to Reroute
to SRST
Hunt-Group
N/A
TCL Script
to Reroute
to SRST
Hunt-Group
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
138
Unified SRST
Configuration Example
1. SRST 3.4 or later supports
SIP and SCCP IP phones
simultaneously and it requires
12.4(6)T or later
2. SRST 3.4 or later operates as
a B2BUA mode for SIP phones
voice service voip
allow-connections sip to sip
sip
bind control source-interface GigabitEthernet0/0.300
bind media source-interface GigabitEthernet0/0.300
registrar server expires max 600 min 60
!
voice class codec 1
codec preference 1 g711ulaw
codec preference 2 g729br8
!
voice register global
max-dn 20
max-pool 20
external-ring bellcore-dr4
!
voice register pool 1
id network 10.10.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0
translate-outgoing called 1
voice-class codec 1
call-forward b2bua mailbox 91408554800
call-forward b2bua busy 91408554800
call-forward b2bua noan 91408554800 timeout 10
!
voice translation-rule 1
rule 1 /^4$...$/ /12015554\1/
!
voice translation-profile profile1
translate called 1
!
dial-peer voice 90 pots
destination-pattern 9...........
port 1/0/0
!
SIP SRST Configuration
dial-peer voice 100 voip
destination-pattern 1201555.
monitor probe icmp-ping
session protocol sipv2
session target ipv4:10.2.10.1
session transport tcp
incoming called-number .T
dtmf-relay rtp-nte
!
call-manager-fallback
access-code fxo 9
default-destination pattern 2001
ip source-address 10.10.10.10 port 2000
keepalive 30
max-ephones 24
max-dn 48
voicemail 914085554800
translation-profile outgoing rule1
call-forward busy 914085554800
call-forward noan 914085554800 timeout 10
SCCP SRST Configuration
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
139
Agenda
Part 1
4. Network Services
Part 2
1. Media Resources
Fax
Element
Site Telephony
7. Dial Plan
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
140
DSL
Fax
Cisco ISR, including:
Communications Manager Express
Cisco Unity Express
Cisco IOS Firewall
Integrated 24-port PoE switch
GUI
Management
Station
GUI
Management
Station
Employee PC,
Cisco IP Phone
7961G and Voice Mail
Application
Server
Application
Server
Printer
Cisco IP Phone
7905 in Lobby
or Break Room
Cisco IP Phone
7905 in Lobby
or Break Room
Dial
Backup
and POS
Analog Phones
Cisco unified IP
Phone 7970+
7914 as the
Attendant
Console
Cisco unified IP
Phone 7970+
7914 as the
Attendant
Console
Wireless LAN
Access Point
Cisco Unified IP
VoWLAN
7920/21 Phone
CO Line
1, 2, 3, 4
Standalone SMB Deployment
Full Office Communications on a Single Platform
Dual Mode
Wireless
Phone
Public
Internet
PSTN
Cisco Unified IP
Phone 7931
Cisco Unified IP
Phone 7931
Cisco Networkers
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Cisco Unified CME and Cisco Unified CM
H.323 Interop Option 1
1. Deploy Unified Border Element as a H.323 gateway in front of Unified CM
2. Unified Border Element interwork ECS and H.450 for supplementary
services
3. Unified Border Element performs dial-plan resolution between Unified CM
and Unified CME
4. Unified CM performs static location-based CAC for the call segment
between the Unified CM ip phone and the Unified Border Element
5. Video call is supported (applicable to Option 2)
6. No security support between Unified CM and Unified CME (applicable to
Option 2)
Site A Site B
H.323
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H.323 Interop Option 2
1. Configure H.225 trunk to via-GKcan be the same hardware
device as the Cisco Unified Border Element
2. Both Unified Border Element and Unified CME register with via-
GK
3. Via-GK invokes Unified Border Element to interwork ECS and
H.450
4. Via-GK performs dialplan resolution and zone-based call
admission control for both call segments
5. Via-GK can also act as infrastructure GK
Site A Site B
viaGK viaGK
H.323
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Site A Site B
SIP Interop
1. Deploy SIP interop for any SIP calls between Unified CM and Unified
CME
2. Configure Unified CM SIP trunk to Unified CME (Unified Border
Element optional)
3. Unified CM performs static location-based CAC
4. Presence is supported between Unified CM and Unified CME phones
5. SIP over TLS is supported between Unified CM and Unified CME
6. No video support
SIP
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Cisco Networkers
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Preguntas y Respuestas
Pregunta:
Cul es el nmero mximo de servidores en un cluster?
Respuesta:
20
Subscribers (8 como mximo)
Publisher (1 solo)
Servidores TFTP
Servidores MoH
CTI Manager
SW Conference
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Pregunta:
Que protocolo puedo usar desde el gateway hacia el
CUCM si quiero conectar un PBX con Q.Sig , MGCP,
SIP o H.323?
Respuesta:
Cualquiera de los tres, sin embargo MGCP sera el mas
recomendable, dado que as se pueden tener mas
funcionalidades (ej. Caller ID, Path replacement, etc.)
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Pregunta:
A y B estn en una llamada telefnica.
A presiona la tecla de HOLD.
Que stream de audio escuchara B como MoH?
El definido en A o en B?
Respuesta:
B escuchar el stream de audio definido en el perfil de A
Cisco Networkers
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Agenda
Part 1
4. Network Services
Part 2
1. Media Resources
Fax
Element
Site Telephony
7. Dial Plan
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PSTN
Circuit-Switched
Networks
Packet-Switched
Networks
PBX
Physical
Trunks
STOP
IP WAN
Link
IP WAN Links LLQ Is
Provisioned for Two
Calls (Equivalent to
Two Virtual Trunks)
Third Call
Rejected
No Physical Limitation on
IP Links
Third Call Can Go Through,
but Voice Quality of All
Calls Degrades
Blocks Third Call
IP WAN
Router/
Gateway
UC
Manager
Why Is It Needed?
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1. Prevent WAN link over-
subscription by limiting
voice bandwidth
2. Assign bandwidth limit
per location . Mid call
Changes are taken into
account
3. When resources are
insufficient, phone gets
fast-busy tone and a
message is displayed
4. If Automated Alternate
Routing (AAR) is enabled,
the call is automatically
rerouted across the PSTN
IP WAN PSTN
Central
Site
Location 1
Location 2
<Hub_None>
Location
Remote
Sites
1
2
Max BW = 24 kbps
Max BW = 48 kbps
3
STOP
Cisco Unified CM Static Locations
Concept
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Notes
1.Audio is represented as bit-rate + IP overhead
(i.e. 24k for G.729, 80k for G.711)
2.Video is represented as bit-rate only (i.e. 384k for a 384k
call) which includes the audio portion
3.The audio bandwidth setting does not pertain to the audio
channel of a video call
4.If transcoders are needed (e.g., in presence of G.711-only
devices), the transcoder must be colocated with the G.711-
only device
5.The location setting on CTI route points is only used by
Cisco Unified CM if an application registers to handle media
with that route point
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Bandwidth Provisioning Reference
Provision LLQ PQ
with These Values
For more details, refer to the QoS SRND and IP Telephony SRNDs at: http://www.cisco.com/go/srnd
CUCM Location L3 Bandwidth
L2 Bandwidth
(Frame Relay)
G.711 Audio
80 Kbps
(64K + Header)
80 Kbps
(64K + Header)
81.6 Kbps
(80K + L2 Header)
G.729 Audio
24 Kbps
(8K + Header)
24 Kbps
(8K + Header)
25.6 Kbps
(24K + L2 Header)
384K Video
384 Kbps
(64K + 320K)
420 Kbps
(384K + Est. L2/L3 Headers
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GK GK
Gatekeeper Zones
Basics
1.Cisco IOS feature, based on
H.323 RAS protocol
2.Can be used between Cisco
Unified CM clusters, H.323
gateways and H.323 endpoints
3.Provides CAC using concept
of zones and associated
bandwidth counters
4.Static configuration approach
limits supported topologies
(mainly hub-and-spoke)
gatekeeper
zone local A abc.com 10.10.10.10
zone local B abc.com
zone remote C abc.com 10.10.20.20
zone remote D abc.com
bandwidth interzone zone A 384
bandwidth interzone zone B 256
bandwidth remote 512
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GK 1s Local Zones
GK 1
GK 2s Local Zones
GK 2
Zone B Zone A
Zone D Zone C
.
Cisco IOS Gatekeeper Zones
Zone Concept
Zones
A Logical
Representation of a
Physical Location
Gatekeeper
A Physical Device
Gatekeeper
A Physical Device
GK GK GK GK
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Zone B
Zone A
Zone D Zone C
Bandwidth Configuration
GK 1s Local Zones
GK 1
GK 2s Local Zones
GK 2
Bandwidth Remote
bandwidth remote max-bw
The Total Bandwidth Allowed in/out
of the Physical GK
bandwidth interzone zone xyz max-bw
This Is the Total Bandwidth Allowed in/out of
the Zone
bandwidth total zone xyz max-bw
The Total Bandwidth Allowed Within
a Zone as Well as in/out of the Zone
bandwidth session zone xyz max-bw
This Is the Maximum Bandwidth Allowed per Session
GK GK GK GK
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GK2
Remote = 48K In Use = 0
Zone C
InterZone = 32K In Use = 0
Total = 32K In Use = 0
Zone D
Session = 16K
GK1
Remote = 32K In Use = 0
Zone A
Zone B
Session = 16K
16
16
32
16
16
Bandwidth Calculations
Zone B
Zone A
Zone D Zone C
GK 1s Local Zones GK 2s Local Zones
Blue Text
Represents
Configured
Bandwidth
GK 1 GK 2
16
32
48
16
0
0
16
16
32
32
48
32
32
32
16
16 X
Assume Requested Bandwidth for Each Call Equals 16K
GK GK GK GK
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Bandwidth Provisioning
Provision LLQ PQ
with These Values
For more details, refer to the QoS SRND and IP Telephony SRNDs at: http://www.cisco.com/go/srnd
Gatekeeper L3 Bandwidth
L2 Bandwidth
(Frame Relay)
G.711 Audio
128 Kbps
(64K x 2)
80 Kbps
(64K + Header)
81.6 Kbps
(80K + L2 Header)
G.729 Audio
16 Kbps
(8K x 2)
24 Kbps
(8K + Header)
25.6 Kbps
(24K + L2 Header)
384K Video
768 Kbps
(384K x 2)
420 Kbps
(384K + Est. L2/L3 Headers
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Automatic Reroute with Gatekeeper
1. Cisco Unified CM sends a
request to gatekeeper before
making a call between San Jose
(SJ) and New York (NY)
2. Gatekeeper sends a confirmation
to admit the call to the network
Second
Choice
SJ NY
PSTN
SJ Gateway NY Gateway
First
Choice
SJ
NY
Gatekeeper
ARQ
ACF
Call Setup
ARJ Triggers CUCM
to Use the Next
Route Group in the
Route List (PSTN
Gateway)
ARQ
ARJ
Call Setup
ARQ
ACF
1. Cisco Unified CM sends a
request to gatekeeper
2. Gatekeeper rejects the call
3. Cisco Unified CM uses next
route group in route list to place
the call; in this example, the call
to NY is placed via the PSTN; the
end user is unaware of the route
taken by the call
GK GK
GK GK
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Gatekeeper Redundancy
1. Same VLAN
2. Single GK Performance
3. Stateless Redundancy
1. Different Subnets
2. Load Balancing
3. Up to Five GKs in a Cluster
4. Faster Failover
HSRP AltGatekeeper
GK GK
GK GK GK GK
GK GK GK GK
GK GK
GK GK
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RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol)
Principles
1.IETF standard
RFC2205, RFC2207, RFC2208, RFC2209, RFC2210, and others
2.Topology-aware CAC signaling protocol
Works with any WAN topology
3.Uses existing routing protocols
Dynamically adjusts to link failures and topology changes
4.Unidirectional reservations
Reservations are receiver-initiated
5.Maintains soft state in RSVP-enabled routers
6.Operates transparently across non-RSVP routers
Allows for partial or gradual deployment across network
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RSVP
IntServ vs. IntServ/DiffServ Operation Models
Scheduling + Policing
NO
YES
?
R
S
V
P
RSVP Signaling
L
L
Q
/
C
B
W
F
Q
IntServ
Model
Data
Control Plane
Data Plane
R
S
V
P
IntServ/
DiffServ
Model
Scheduling + Policing
YES
?
NO
Data
Control Plane
Data Plane
RSVP Signaling
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RSVP
Support for Compressed RTP (cRTP)
Previous Hop Next Hop
RSVP Router
TSpec: 24 Kbps
Compr. Method: RTP
PATH
TSpec: 24 Kbps
Compr. Method: RTP
PATH
Reserve 24 Kbps
PATH
Reserve 24 Kbps
PATH
Bandwidth Requested
in Reserve Message
Is Automatically
Adjusted by RSVP
Based on ip rsvp
admission-control
compression Cisco
IOS Command
on Router
Note:
16K = g.729 @ 10 ms
9.6K = g.729 @ 20 ms
RSVP
Engine
R
S
V
P

B
W
:
1
6
K
b
p
s
Resv
9.6
Kbps
Resv
24
Kbps
Resv
24
Kbps
PQ BW:
16
Kbps
L
i
n
k

B
W
:

6
4

K
b
p
s
L
L
Q

B
W
:

4
8

K
b
p
s
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App ID Y App ID Y
RSVP
Application ID (App ID) Object
1. Introduced in RFC2872 as part of RSVP Policy
Elementassociates RSVP reservation with a
specific application and sub-application
2. Allows routers to admit reservations based
on the application requesting bandwidth
3. Protects bandwidth resources across
applications
4. In Cisco IOS, app IDs are associated to
RSVP local policies which define
corresponding behavior
5. Cisco Unified CM uses two RSVP
application IDs:
AudioStream: used for audio streams of voice
and video calls
VideoStream: used for video streams of video calls
6. Usage example: in presence of voice and video
calls, prevent video calls from using all
available bandwidth
L
o
c
a
l

P
o
l
i
c
y

X
L
o
c
a
l
P
o
l
i
c
y

Y
i
p

r
s
v
p
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
i
p

r
s
v
p
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
Without App ID and Local Policies
With App ID and Local Policies
App ID X
App ID X
App ID X
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Cisco Unified CM
RSVP-Enabled Locations
1.Enable RSVP at
each location
2.Assign as any other media
resource
3.Applicable to any network
topology
4.RSVP Agent acts
as a proxy to
make bandwidth reservations
5.RSVP agent feature
instroduced in IOS 12.4(6)T,
available in 2600xm, 3700,
2800 and 3800 ISRs
Central
Site
Branch 2 Branch 1
IP WAN
(Any Topology)
A B C D
E E
Cisco IOS
RSVP Agent
Cisco Unified
CM Cluster
RSVP
Reservations
The RSVP Agent Concept
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Cisco RSVP Agent
Configuration Example
interface Loopback0
ip address 40.11.6.100 255.255.255.255
!
sccp local Loopback0
sccp ccm 20.11.1.50 identifier 1 priority 1 version 5.0.1
sccp ccm 20.11.1.51 identifier 2 priority 2 version 5.0.1
sccp
!
sccp ccm group 1
associate ccm 1 priority 1
associate ccm 2 priority 2
associate profile 1 register RSVPAgent
switchover method immediate
switchback method guard timeout 7200
!
dspfarm profile 1 mtp
codec pass-through
codec g729ar8
rsvp
maximum sessions software 100
associate application SCCP
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Cisco RSVP Agent
1. @75% CPU
2. More details on the IP Telephony SRND
Cisco Networkers
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Cisco Unified CM
1. Mandatory RSVP policies are recommended (equivalent to current
location behavior) call fails or reverts to AAR when RSVP reservation
fails
2. Mandatory (video desired) allows a video call to proceed as audio-only if
not enough bandwidth
3. For mid-call failures (e.g., blind transfer, decrease of bandwidth in the
network), shorten retry times
4. Call admission control protects network resources, but does not replace
proper traffic engineering
System > Service Parameters > Cisco Unified Communications Manager:
Policy Recommendations
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Cisco Unified CM
1. Policy Options
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Simple Hub-and-Spoke Topologies
Centralized Deployments
1. Use Static Locations: one
location per spoke site
2. Devices at hub site in
<Hub_None> location
3. Up to 1,000 locations per
Cisco Unified CM cluster
4. If more than one Cisco Unified
CM cluster at hub site, use
Intercluster Trunks (leave in
<Hub_None> location)
5. Location needs to be updated if
device moves to a different site
...
Loc. 1
Hub Site
Loc.1000
Loc.
<Hub_None>
Spoke Sites
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Simple Hub-and-Spoke Topologies
Distributed Deployments
1. Use GK-controlled
H.225 Trunks on
each Cisco Unified
CM cluster
2. 1 GK zone per Cisco
Unified CM cluster
3. Use bandwidth
interzone to
limit traffic in/out
of each site
4. Up to 100 Cisco
Unified CM clusters
per GK
5. > 100 clusters with
additional Directory GK
gatekeeper
zone local zone2
bandwidth interzone zone zone2 384
Zone 2 Zone 100
Zone 1
gatekeeper
zone local zone1
Hub Site
Spoke Sites
...
gatekeeper
zone local zone100
bandwidth interzone zone zone100 768
Gatekeeper
GK GK
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Cisco
Unified CM Cluster
IP WAN
Router
2nd Tier
Hub Sites
1st Tier
Hub Site
Spoke
Sites
Call 1
Call 2
Cannot
Distinguish Call
1 from Call 2 with
Topology
Unaware CAC
Two-Tier Hub-and-Spoke Topologies
1. Topology-unaware CAC (like
static Locations) cannot track
bandwidth of individual WAN
links
2. Deploying it with a two-tier
hub-and-spoke topology would
lead to high bandwidth waste
3. Topology awareness
is needed in this case:
use RSVP-enabled
locations
Centralized Deployments: The Issue
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Loc. 7 Loc. 6 Loc. 5 Loc. 4
Loc. 1
Loc. 2
1. Deploy Cisco RSVP agent
at each site (may co-
reside with WAN router)
2. Enable RSVP IntServ/
DiffServ mode on WAN
routers
3. Configure RSVP
mandatory policy
between locations in
Cisco UC Manager
4. CAC occurs on each
individual WAN link
Spoke
Sites
Loc. 3
2nd Tier
Hub Sites
1st Tier
Hub Site
Cisco
RSVP Agent
= RSVP Enabled
on Interface
WAN
Router
Cisco
Unified CM
Cluster
Centralized Deployments: Solution
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1. Use gatekeeper
call admission
control between
first and second
tier hub sites
2. Use Locations call
admission control
between second
tier hub sites and
spoke sites
...
1 1000
...
1 1000
...
Zone 2
Zone 100
Gatekeepers
Locations
CAC
Gatekeeper
CAC
Zone 1
GK GK
GK GK
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Central
Site
Branch 2
MPLS-Based Topologies
Centralized Deployments
1. When the WAN topology
is MPLS-based, the
Location-based
configuration needs
to be modified
2. Endpoints at the central
site also need to be
placed in a Location
3. Locations now provide
call admission control
for each site, including
the central site
Location
C
Location
B
Location
A
Branch 1
BW on This Link
Also Needs to
Be Controlled!
MPLS
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1. Signaling path still
goes through the
central sites
2. Media path
goes directly
between branches
3. Traditional CAC
with Locations +
Gatekeeper does
not work correctly
in this scenario
Branch 1
Cluster 1
Central Site
Cluster 1
Branch 2
Cluster 1
Branch 1
Cluster 2
Branch 2
Cluster 2
Central Site
Cluster 2
Gatekeeper
Signaling
Path
Media
Path
MPLS WAN Call Flows
GK GK
MPLS
WAN
Cisco Networkers
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Location
E
Location
F
Location
D
Location
C
Location
B
1. Leave Inter-
Cluster
Trunks in
<Hub_None>
Location
2. Gatekeeper
can still be
used for
dial plan
resolution,
but is not
needed
for CAC
Branch 1
Cluster 1
Central SiteCluster 1
Branch 2
Cluster 1
Branch 1
Cluster 2
Branch 2
Cluster 2
Central SiteCluster 2
Gatekeeper Location
A
ICT ICT
Location
<None>
Location
<None>
GK GK
MPLS
WAN
Call
Cisco Networkers
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Agenda
Part 1
4. Network Services
Part 2
1. Media Resources
2. Telephony Gateways and Fax
3. Cisco Unified Border Element
Site Telephony
7. Dial Plan
Cisco Networkers
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Cisco
Unified CM
Router/GW
Ext.
1000
Ext.
1001
Gatekeeper
Dial Plan
The IP Routing of IP Telephony
Cisco Unified CM Routes Two Basic Call Types:
1. On-Cluster Calls: Destination Directory Number (DN) is registered with Cisco Unified CM;
DNs are considered internal routes
2. Off-Cluster Calls: Destination Number is not registered with Cisco Unified CM;
Route Patterns are configured to allow for external routes
3. Alternate Routes: Allow On-Cluster and Off-Cluster calls to attempt alternate paths to
destination (e.g. IP WAN not available, go through PSTN)
+1 408 5264000
9.1408XXXXXXX
Route
Pattern
Remote
Cisco
Unified CM
PSTN
IP WAN
GK GK
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Dial Plan Agenda
1.On-Cluster vs. Off-Cluster Routes
2.Building Classes of Service
3.Dial Plan Examples
4.Alternate Routing
5.Translation Patterns
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On-Cluster Routes in Unified CM
Internal Routes
Endpoints
Applications
with Media
Non-Media
Services
IP Phones
911 (Emergency
Responder)
Softphones
Call Park
Analog Phones
(FXS Ports)
Integrated Voice
Response (IVR)
Voice Messaging
Translation
Patterns
E
x
a
m
p
l
e
s

o
f

I
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
D
i
r
e
c
t
o
r
y

N
u
m
b
e
r
s
MeetingPlace

Cisco Networkers
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Route Pattern
Matches dialed number for external calls
Points to a route list for routing
Performs digit manipulation (optional)
Route List
Points to prioritized route groups
Performs digit manipulation (opt)
Off-Cluster Routes in Unified CM
Overall Structure
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n

O
r
d
e
r
Route
Pattern
Route Group
Points to the actual devices
Distribution algorithm
Devices
Gateways (MGCP, SCCP, H.323)
Gatekeeper (H.323)
Trunk (H.323, ICT, SIP)
1st
Choice
2
nd
Choice
PSTN
IP WAN
Route
Group 2
1
st
Choice
2
nd
Choice
Route
List
Route
Group 1
GK GK
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One or More Occurrences of Digits Between 0 and 9
The # DigitUsed to Avoid InterDigit Timeout
9.011! #
Delimiter (Does Not Match Any Digits)Used for Discarding
Range of Digits (Between 2 and 9)
Single Digit Between 0 and 9
9 . [2-9] XXXXXX
Cisco Unified CM Call Routing Logic
Commonly Used Wildcards
A Macro That Enters the Whole North American
Numbering Plan into Cisco Unified CM
(or a Different Countrys Numbering Plan If Using the
International Dial Plan Tool)
9. @
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Matches Numbers Between 1200 and 1299
Matches 1326, 1356, 1366, 1376, 1386
Matches Any Number That Begins with 13, Is
Followed by One or More Digits, and Ends with #;
135# and 13579# Are Example Matches
Matches 1111
Matches *1*1
Matches 1306, 1316, 1326, 13*6, 13#6
1111
*1*1
12XX
13[25-8]6
13!#
13[^3-9]6
Matching Patterns
Cisco Networkers
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Route Patterns
Basic Principle
1.Cisco Unified CM matches the most specific pattern
(longest-match logic)
2.For call routing, an IP phone directory number acts
as a route pattern that matches a single number
1XXX
User Dials
1200
User Dials
1234
1234
Directory Numbers
1234
12XX
Cisco Networkers
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Dial Plan Agenda
4.Alternate Routing
Cisco Networkers
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186
Building Classes of Service
Routing by User Class or Location
Emergency
Calls
Local Calls
International Calls
Lobby Phones
Office Phones
Exec Phones
Unified CM
Define Calling Capabilities Based on
Role of Directory Number
Instruct These Phones to Use Their
Local Gateway for PSTN Access
User Class Example: Location Example:
Unified CM
IP WAN
PSTN
...
Central
Site
Remote
Sites
Cisco Networkers
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Partitions and Calling Search Spaces
Analogy (1 of 4)
Rita
Dave
305 555 5000
Miami Yellow Pages
Dave 305 555 5000
Rita Wants to Call Dave
Dave Lists His
Number in a Directory
To Do So, She Needs to
Know Daves Number
Cisco Networkers
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Analogy (2 of 4)
Rita
Miami Yellow Pages
Dave 305 555 5000
To Look up Numbers,
Rita Looks Through the
Directories She Owns
If She Doesnt Have
the Right Directory
Dallas White Pages
Outlook Address Book
Little Black Book
She Cant Place the Call
Ritas List of Directories
Dave
305 555 5000
Cisco Networkers
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Analogy (3 of 4)
Rita
Dave
305 555 5000
Miami Yellow Pages
Dave 305 555 5000
But If She Has the
Directory Dave Has
Listed His Number in
Dallas White Pages
Miami Yellow Pages
Little Black Book
the Call Will Go Through
Miami Yellow Pages
Miami Yellow Pages
Cisco Networkers
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Analogy (4 of 4)
Rita
Dave
305 555 5000
Miami Yellow Pages
Dave 305 555 5000
Dallas White Pages
Miami Yellow Pages
Little Black Book
The Directory in Which Daves Number
Is Listed Is His Numbers Partition
The List of Directories in
Which Rita Looks up
Numbers Is Her
Calling Search Space
Cisco Networkers
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Building Classes of Service
Concepts
PartitionA
911
900X
99XX
8001
PartitionB
9.[2-9]XXXXXX
9.[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
7 [Transform Mask: 2001]
2002
2001
2000
5000
8000
Lines
(Directory Numbers)
Translation
Patterns
Route
Patterns
Special numbers
(MeetMe, CallPickup...)
Voice Mail Ports
Application Numbers
(CTI Route Points, CTI Ports)
Route
Patterns
CSS1
PartitionA
PartitionB
CSS2
PartitionB
CSS3
PartitionB
PartitionA
CSS4
PartitionA
Phones
Lines
Gateways
Applications
D
i
a
l
i
n
g
D
e
v
i
c
e
s
D
i
a
l
a
b
l
e
P
a
t
t
e
r
n
s
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
192
Dial Plan Agenda
Single Site Deployment Model
Centralized Call Processing Deployments
Distributed Call Processing Deployments
4.Alternate Routing
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
193
PSTN
International
National
Local
Internal
Dial Plan Example
Single Site Deployment Model: Composite View
Internal Only
Local
National
911
All IP Phone DNs
9.911
9.[29]XXXXXX
9.1[29]XX[29]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
Calling Search
Spaces Partitions
Route
Lists
Route
Groups Devices
Calling
Search
Space
Assigned
LOC
RL
LOC
RG
LD
RL
LD
RG
2
1
9.[29]XX[29]XXXXXX
Route
Patterns
International
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
194
Dial Plan Example
Centralized Deployment Model: Dial Plan Assumptions
1.All DNs registered to same Unified CM
2.Common PSTN access code (9)
3.911 and PSTN calls use each sites local gateway
4.Nonoverlapping extensions
PSTN
IP WAN
Applications
NYC
PHL
RTP
SRST-Enabled
Routers
Unified CM
Cluster
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
195
NYC
PSTN
NYC
PSTN
Internal
All IP Phones
NYC911
911
9.911
NYCPSTN
9.[29]XXXXXX
9.1[29]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
PSTN
Calling Search
Spaces Partitions
Route
Lists
Route
Groups Devices
Route
Patterns
PHL911
911
9.911
PHLPSTN
9.[29]XXXXXX
9.1[29]XX[29]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
PHL
PSTN
PHL
PSTN
PSTN
NYC
Gateways
PHL
Gateways
NYC
Phones
PHL
Phones
Calling
Search
Space
Assigned
Dial Plan Example
Centralized Deployment Model: Composite View
NYCInternal
NYCAllCalls
PHLInternal
PHLAllCalls
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
196
Dial Plan Example
Distributed Deployment Model: Dial Plan Assumptions
1. Extensions are five-digit
2. Five-digit dialing within site and NANP National dialing to other Unified CM cluster
3. PSTN access code as 9
4. 911 and PSTN calls use each sites local gateway
PSTN
IP WAN
Gatekeeper
Five-Digit Dialing within a Site NANP National Dialing for All External Calls
(212) 526-XXXX
ext. 6XXXX
(919) 392-XXXX
ext. 5XXXX
Primary
Voice Path
User Dials
9 1 212
526 4000
Secondary
Voice Path
Unified CM
Cluster
Applications
NYC
RTP
Unified CM
Cluster
Applications
GK GK
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
197
International
National
Local
Internal
PSTN
RL
PSTN
RG
RTPInternal
RTPLocal
All IP Phones
PSTN
Calling
Search
Space
Assigned
to IP Phone
Based on
Policy
Calling Search
Spaces Partitions
Route
Lists
Route
Groups Devices
Route
Patterns
IPWAN
RL
IPWAN
RG
IP
WAN
First
Choice
Second
Choice
9.011!
9.011!#
911
9.911
9.[29]XXXXXX
9.1 [29]XX
[2-9]XX XXXX
RTP Phone
RTP
Gateway
Dial Plan Example
Distributed Deployment Model: Composite View
GK GK
RTPNational
RTPInternatl
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
198
Dial Plan Agenda
4.Alternate Routing
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
199
Unified CM Cluster
Alternate Routing
Internal Routes: Automated Alternate Routing (AAR)
1. Reroutes calls to registered DNs when call is rejected due to Call Admission Control
2. Unified CM reroutes the call using number specified in AAR Destination Mask or
External Phone Number Mask of the called party
3. Prefixes AAR/External Phone Number Mask with digits in the AAR Group
IP WAN
PSTN
Ext Mask: 212555XXXX
DID: 2125551000
DN: 82121000
Call
82121000
Call
82121000
1
Redirect Call to
912125551000
Redirect Call to
912125551000
2
3
CAC
Denial
PHL
NYC
Concept
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
200
Alternate Routing
Internal Routes: Call Forward Unregistered (CFUR)
1. Reroutes calls to unregistered DNs
2. Unified CM reroutes the call using number specified in Call Forward Unregistered (CFUR) field
3. Note: Number in CFUR field needs to include PSTN access codes
4. Note: Calling phones class of control may prevent long-distance call
IP WAN
HQ
CFUR: 912125551000
DID: 2125551000
DN: 82121000
Call
82121000
Call
82121000
1
Call Forwarded to
912125551000
Call Forwarded to
912125551000
2
3
SRST Mode
Unified CM Cluster
PHL
NYC
PSTN
Concept
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
201
Dial Plan Agenda
4.Alternate Routing
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
202
Translation Pattern
Incoming IP WAN Calls Example
Incoming
Calling Search
Spaces
Partitions
E164_Translate
121255.5XXXX [Discard PreDot]
One TP per Unique
DID Range
Internal Only
WAN
Internal
51000
51001
64000
64001
.
.
.
Translation Pattern Must Match the Incoming Called Number
Each TP Can Designate a
Different Resulting CSS
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
203
Dial Plan
New Elements in CUCM Rel 7.x
1. Local Route Group
Reduce configuration time by creating multisite reusable route patterns
2. Support + dialing
Allows number representation E.164 compliant
3. Calling Party Transformations
Allows adapting calling number to a format compatible with local
services/SP needs, and compatible with phone users
4. Called Party Transformations
Allows adapting called number to a format compatible with local
services/SP needs.
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
204
Local Route Group
without it: scalability for Centralized Deployments, 2 sites
Internal
Unrestricted OnCluster
All IP Phone DNs
BlockedPSTN
9.[2-9]XXXXXX
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
CSSs
Partitions
Route Lists Route Groups
JFKPSTN
JFK
RL
A
l
l

L
i
n
e
s
J
F
K

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
JFK RG
JFK Gateways
911
9.911
JFKDevices
Blocked
Translation
Patterns
(No Blocks)
9.[2-9]XXXXXX
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
SFOPSTN
SFO
RL
S
F
O

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
SFO RG
SFO Gateways
911
9.911
SFODevices 9.[2-9]XXXXXX
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
205
Translation Patterns
Key Concept
1.Looks like a route pattern, allows digit manipulation
2.Instead of sending calls outside via a route list, forces
second lookup in Cisco Unified CM, using a (possibly
different) calling search space
Translates 0 to
2001 and Forces a
Second Lookup
User Dials
0 to Reach
Operator
Translation Pattern
Ext. 2001
0 2001
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
206
Local Route Group
Internal
All IP Phone DNs
OnCluster
All IP Phone DNs
BlockedPSTN
9.[2-9]XXXXXX
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
CSSs Partitions Route Lists Route Groups
JFKPSTN
JFK
RL
A
l
l

L
i
n
e
s
J
F
K

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
JFK RG
JFK Gateways
911
9.911
JFKDevices
Blocked
Translation
Patterns
(No Blocks)
9. [2-9]XXXXXX
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9. 011!#
SFOPSTN
SFO
RL
S
F
O

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
SFO RG
SFO Gateways
911
9.911
SFODevices 9. [2-9]XXXXXX
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9. 011!#
YVRPSTN
YVR
RL
Y
V
R

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
YVR RG
YVR Gateways
911
9.911
YVRDevices 9.[2-9]XXXXXX
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
YOWPSTN
YOW
RL
Y
O
W

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
YOW RG
YOW Gateways
911
9.911
YOWDevices 9.[2-9]XXXXXX
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
207
Local Route Group
LGAPST N
LGA
RL
L
G
A

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
LGARG
LGA Gateways
9 11
9.911
LGADevices 9.[ 2-9] XXXXXX
9.1 [2-9 ]XX[2 -9]XXXXXX
9.0 11!
9.0 11!#
YYYPSTN
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
YYYRG
YYY Gateways
9 11
9.911
YYYDevices
9.[ 2-9] XXXXXX
9.1 [2-9 ]XX[2 -9]XXXXXX
9.0 11!
9.0 11!#
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
R
D

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
ORDRG
ORD Gateways
911
9 .911
ORDDevices 9.[2- 9]XXXXXX
9.1[2 -9] XX[2- 9]XXXXXX
9.011 !
9.011! #
YXKPSTN
YXK
RL
Y
X
K

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
YXK RG
YXKGateways
911
9 .911
YXKDevices
9.[2- 9]XXXXXX
9.1[2 -9] XX[2- 9]XXXXXX
9.011 !
9.011! #
Internal
Unrestricted On Clust er
All IPPh one DNs
On Clust er
All IPPh one DNs
Block edPST N
9.[2 -9] XXXXXX
9.1[ 2-9] XX[2 -9]XXXXXX
9.01 1!
9.011 !#
CSSs Partitions Route Lists Route Gr oups
JF KPSTN
JFK
RL
A
l
l

L
i
n
e
s
J
F
K

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
JFK RG
JFK Gatew ays
911
9.91 1
JFKDevices
Blocked
Translation
Patterns
(No Blocks)
9. [2-9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1[2- 9]XX[ 2-9] XXXXXX
9 .011!
9. 011!#
SFOPST N
SFO
RL
S
F
O

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
SFO RG
SFO Gateways
911
9.91 1
SFODevices 9. [2-9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1[2- 9]XX[ 2-9] XXXXXX
9 .011!
9. 011!#
YVRPSTN
YVR
RL
Y
V
R

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
YVRRG
YVR Gatew ays
911
9.911
YVRDevices
9.[2-9]XXXXXX
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
YOWPSTN
YOW
RL
Y
O
W

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
YOW RG
YOW Gatew ays
911
9.911
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
Internal
Unrestricted On Clust er
All IPPh one DNs
On Clust er
All IPPh one DNs
Block edPST N
9.[2 -9] XXXXXX
9.1[ 2-9] XX[2 -9]XXXXXX
9.01 1!
9.011 !#
CSSs Partitions Route Lists Route Gr oups
JF KPSTN
JFK
RL
A
l
l

L
i
n
e
s
J
F
K

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
JFK RG
JFK Gatew ays
911
9.91 1
JFKDevices
Blocked
Translation
Patterns
(No Blocks)
9. [2-9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1[2- 9]XX[ 2-9] XXXXXX
9 .011!
9. 011!#
SFOPST N
SFO
RL
S
F
O

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
SFO RG
SFO Gateways
911
9.91 1
SFODevices 9. [2-9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1[2- 9]XX[ 2-9] XXXXXX
9 .011!
9. 011!#
YVRPSTN
YVR
RL
Y
V
R

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
YVRRG
YVR Gatew ays
911
9.911
YVRDevices
9.[2-9]XXXXXX
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
YOWPSTN
YOW
RL
Y
O
W

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
YOW RG
YOW Gatew ays
911
9.911
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
208
Local Route Group
LGAPST N
L GA
RL
L
G
A
D
e
v
i
ce
s
LGA RG
L GA Ga t e wa y s
9 11
9.9 11
L GADe v ic es 9 .[ 2-9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YYYP STN
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y
D
e
v
ic
e
s
YYY RG
YYYGa t ewa y s
9 11
9.9 11
YYYDe vi c es
9 .[ 2-9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
R
D

D
e
vi
c
e
s
ORDRG
ORD Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
ORDDe v ic e s 9.[ 2- 9]XXX XXX
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
i
ce
s
YXK RG
YXK Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
YXKDe v ic e s 9.[ 2- 9]XXX XXX
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
In t e rn a l
Un r e st ri c te d On Cl us te r
All I PP h o n e DNs
On Cl us te r
Blo c k ed PS T N
9 .[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
CSS s Pa r ti t io n s Ro u t e L i s ts Rou t e Gr ou p s
JF KPST N
J F K
RL
A
ll
L
i
n
e
s
J
F
K
D
e
v
i
ce
s
J FK RG
J F K Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
JF KDe v ic e s
Blo c ke d
Tr a n sl a tio n
Pat te r ns
(No Bl o c k s )
9. [ 2- 9] XXXX XX
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
SFOPS T N
SF O
RL
S
F
O
D
ev
i
c
e
s
SFO RG
SF O Ga te wa ys
9 11
9. 9 1 1
SF ODe v ic e s 9. [ 2- 9] XXXX XX
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YVRPST N
YVR
RL
Y
V
R
D
e
v
i
c
es
YVRRG
YVR Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
YVRDe v ic e s 9.[ 2- 9]XXX XXX
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YOWPS T N
YOW
RL
Y
O
W

D
e
v
ic
e
s
YOW RG
YOWGa te wa ys
9 11
9. 9 1 1
YOWDe v ic e s 9.[ 2- 9]XXX XXX
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
In t e rn a l
On Cl us te r
Blo c k ed PS T N
9 .[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
JF KPST N
J F K
RL
A
ll
L
i
n
e
s
J
F
K
D
e
v
i
ce
s
J FK RG
J F K Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
JF KDe v ic e s
Blo c ke d
Tr a n sl a tio n
Pat te r ns
(No Bl o c k s )
9. [ 2- 9] XXXX XX
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
SFOPS T N
SF O
RL
S
F
O
D
ev
i
c
e
s
SFO RG
SF O Ga te wa ys
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YVRPST N
YVR
RL
Y
V
R
D
e
v
i
c
es
YVRRG
YVR Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YOWPS T N
YOW
RL
Y
O
W

D
e
v
ic
e
s
YOW RG
YOWGa te wa ys
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
L GA PST N
LGA
RL
L
G
A
D
e
v
ic
e
s
L GA RG
L GAGa t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
L GADe vi c e s
9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9. 0 1 1! #
YYYPST N
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y

D
e
v
ic
e
s
YYY RG
YYYGa t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
YYYDev i ce s 9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9. 0 1 1! #
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
R
D
D
e
v
i
c
es
ORD RG
ORD Ga t e wa y s
91 1
9.9 11
ORDDe v ic es 9 .[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1 !#
YXKPSTN
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
ic
e
s
YXK RG
YXKGa t ewa y s
91 1
9.9 11
YXKDe vi c es 9 .[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1 !#
L GA PST N
LGA
RL
L
G
A
D
e
v
ic
e
s
L GA RG
LGA G a t ewa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
L GADe vi c e s 9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .1[ 2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1! #
YYYPST N
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y

D
e
v
ic
e
s
YYY RG
YYY G a te wa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1[ 2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1! #
ORDPST N
OR D
RL
O
R
D
D
e
v
i
ce
s
ORD RG
ORDGa t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
ORDDe vi c es 9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1! #
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
ic
e
s
YXK RG
YXK Ga t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
YXKDe vi c es 9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1! #
LGAPST N
L GA
RL
L
G
A
D
e
v
i
ce
s
LGA RG
L GA Ga t e wa y s
9 11
9.9 11
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YYYP STN
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y
D
e
v
ic
e
s
YYY RG
YYYGa t ewa y s
9 11
9.9 11
YYYDe vi c es
9 .[ 2-9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
R
D

D
e
vi
c
e
s
ORDRG
ORD Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
i
ce
s
YXK RG
YXK Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
In t e rn a l
On Cl us te r
Blo c k ed PS T N
9 .[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
JF KPST N
J F K
RL
A
ll
L
i
n
e
s
J
F
K
D
e
v
i
ce
s
J FK RG
J F K Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
JF KDe v ic e s
Blo c ke d
Tr a n sl a tio n
Pat te r ns
(No Bl o c k s )
9. [ 2- 9] XXXX XX
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
SFOPS T N
SF O
RL
S
F
O
D
ev
i
c
e
s
SFO RG
SF O Ga te wa ys
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YVRPST N
YVR
RL
Y
V
R
D
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v
i
c
es
YVRRG
YVR Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YOWPS T N
YOW
RL
Y
O
W

D
e
v
ic
e
s
YOW RG
YOWGa te wa ys
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
In t e rn a l
On Cl us te r
Blo c k ed PS T N
9 .[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
JF KPST N
J F K
RL
A
ll
L
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n
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s
J
F
K
D
e
v
i
ce
s
J FK RG
J F K Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
JF KDe v ic e s
Blo c ke d
Tr a n sl a tio n
Pat te r ns
(No Bl o c k s )
9. [ 2- 9] XXXX XX
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
SFOPS T N
SF O
RL
S
F
O
D
ev
i
c
e
s
SFO RG
SF O Ga te wa ys
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YVRPST N
YVR
RL
Y
V
R
D
e
v
i
c
es
YVRRG
YVR Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YOWPS T N
YOW
RL
Y
O
W

D
e
v
ic
e
s
YOW RG
YOWGa te wa ys
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
L GA PST N
LGA
RL
L
G
A
D
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v
ic
e
s
L GA RG
L GAGa t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
L GADe vi c e s
9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9. 0 1 1! #
YYYPST N
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y

D
e
v
ic
e
s
YYY RG
YYYGa t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9. 0 1 1! #
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
R
D
D
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v
i
c
es
ORD RG
ORD Ga t e wa y s
91 1
9.9 11
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1 !#
YXKPSTN
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
ic
e
s
YXK RG
YXKGa t ewa y s
91 1
9.9 11
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1 !#
L GA PST N
LGA
RL
L
G
A
D
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v
ic
e
s
L GA RG
LGA G a t ewa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1[ 2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1! #
YYYPST N
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y

D
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v
ic
e
s
YYY RG
YYY G a te wa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1[ 2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1! #
ORDPST N
OR D
RL
O
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D
D
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v
i
ce
s
ORD RG
ORDGa t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1! #
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
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v
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s
YXK RG
YXK Ga t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1! #
LGAPST N
L GA
RL
L
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A
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LGA R G
L GA Ga t ew a y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
L GADe v ic e s 9.[ 2- 9]XXX XXX
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXX XXX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YYYP ST N
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y
D
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YYY RG
YYYGa t ew a y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
YYYDe v ic e s
9.[ 2- 9]XXX XXX
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXX XXX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
OR DPST N
ORD
RL
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D
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s
OR D RG
ORD Ga te wa ys
9 11
9. 9 1 1
ORDDe v ic e s 9. [ 2- 9] XXXX XX
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9.0 11 !#
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
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D
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vi
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YXK RG
YXK Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
YXKDe v ic e s 9. [ 2- 9] XXXX XX
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9.0 11 !#
LGAPST N
L GA
RL
L
G
A
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ev
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LGA RG
L GAGa t ew a y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2-9 ]XXX XXX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YYYP ST N
YYY
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Y
Y
D
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ce
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YYY RG
YYYGa t ew a y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
YYYDe v ic e s 9.[ 2- 9]XXX XXX
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2-9 ]XXX XXX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
OR DPST N
ORD
RL
O
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D
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OR D RG
ORD Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
ORDDe v ic e s 9.[ 2- 9] XXXX XX
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
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D
ev
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YXK R G
YXK Ga t e way s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
YXKDe v ic e s 9.[ 2- 9] XXXX XX
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
LGAPST N
L GA
RL
L
G
A
D
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v
i
ce
s
L GA RG
L G A Ga t ewa y s
9 11
9.9 11
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YYYP STN
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y
D
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v
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YYY RG
YYY G a t ewa y s
9 11
9.9 11
YYYDe vi c es 9 .[ 2-9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
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D

D
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vi
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s
ORD R G
ORD Ga t ew a y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXX XXX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
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v
i
ce
s
YXK RG
YXKGa t ew a y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXX XXX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
L GAP STN
L GA
RL
L
G
A
D
e
v
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e
s
L GA RG
LGA G a te wa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
L GADe vi c es 9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1! #
YYYPST N
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y
D
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v
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YYY RG
YYY Ga te wa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
YYYDe vi c es 9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1! #
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
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D
D
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vi
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ORD RG
ORDGa t ew a y s
9 11
9.9 1 1
ORDDe v ic e s 9 .[ 2-9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2-9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
i
ce
s
YXK RG
YXK Ga t ewa y s
9 11
9.9 1 1
YXKDe v ic es 9 .[ 2-9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2-9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
LGAPST N
L GA
RL
L
G
A
D
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v
i
ce
s
LGA RG
L GA Ga t e wa y s
9 11
9.9 11
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YYYP STN
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y
D
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v
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e
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YYY RG
YYYGa t ewa y s
9 11
9.9 11
YYYDe vi c es
9 .[ 2-9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
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D

D
e
vi
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s
ORDRG
ORD Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
i
ce
s
YXK RG
YXK Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
In t e rn a l
On Cl us te r
Blo c k ed PS T N
9 .[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
JF KPST N
J F K
RL
A
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L
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J
F
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J FK RG
J F K Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
JF KDe v ic e s
Blo c ke d
Tr a n sl a tio n
Pat te r ns
(No Bl o c k s )
9. [ 2- 9] XXXX XX
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
SFOPS T N
SF O
RL
S
F
O
D
ev
i
c
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s
SFO RG
SF O Ga te wa ys
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YVRPST N
YVR
RL
Y
V
R
D
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v
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c
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YVRRG
YVR Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YOWPS T N
YOW
RL
Y
O
W

D
e
v
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YOW RG
YOWGa te wa ys
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
In t e rn a l
On Cl us te r
Blo c k ed PS T N
9 .[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
JF KPST N
J F K
RL
A
ll
L
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n
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J
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D
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J FK RG
J F K Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
JF KDe v ic e s
Blo c ke d
Tr a n sl a tio n
Pat te r ns
(No Bl o c k s )
9. [ 2- 9] XXXX XX
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
SFOPS T N
SF O
RL
S
F
O
D
ev
i
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s
SFO RG
SF O Ga te wa ys
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YVRPST N
YVR
RL
Y
V
R
D
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v
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c
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YVRRG
YVR Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YOWPS T N
YOW
RL
Y
O
W

D
e
v
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e
s
YOW RG
YOWGa te wa ys
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
L GA PST N
LGA
RL
L
G
A
D
e
v
ic
e
s
L GA RG
L GAGa t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
L GADe vi c e s
9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9. 0 1 1! #
YYYPST N
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y

D
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v
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YYY RG
YYYGa t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9. 0 1 1! #
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
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D
D
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v
i
c
es
ORD RG
ORD Ga t e wa y s
91 1
9.9 11
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1 !#
YXKPSTN
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
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s
YXK RG
YXKGa t ewa y s
91 1
9.9 11
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1 !#
L GA PST N
LGA
RL
L
G
A
D
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v
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s
L GA RG
LGA G a t ewa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1[ 2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1! #
YYYPST N
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y

D
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v
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s
YYY RG
YYY G a te wa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1[ 2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1! #
ORDPST N
OR D
RL
O
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D
D
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v
i
ce
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ORD RG
ORDGa t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1! #
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
ic
e
s
YXK RG
YXK Ga t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1! #
LGAPST N
L GA
RL
L
G
A
D
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v
i
ce
s
LGA RG
L GA Ga t e wa y s
9 11
9.9 11
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YYYP STN
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y
D
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v
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YYY RG
YYYGa t ewa y s
9 11
9.9 11
YYYDe vi c es
9 .[ 2-9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
R
D

D
e
vi
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s
ORDRG
ORD Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
i
ce
s
YXK RG
YXK Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
In t e rn a l
On Cl us te r
Blo c k ed PS T N
9 .[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
JF KPST N
J F K
RL
A
ll
L
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n
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s
J
F
K
D
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v
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J FK RG
J F K Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
JF KDe v ic e s
Blo c ke d
Tr a n sl a tio n
Pat te r ns
(No Bl o c k s )
9. [ 2- 9] XXXX XX
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
SFOPS T N
SF O
RL
S
F
O
D
ev
i
c
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s
SFO RG
SF O Ga te wa ys
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YVRPST N
YVR
RL
Y
V
R
D
e
v
i
c
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YVRRG
YVR Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YOWPS T N
YOW
RL
Y
O
W

D
e
v
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e
s
YOW RG
YOWGa te wa ys
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
In t e rn a l
On Cl us te r
Blo c k ed PS T N
9 .[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
JF KPST N
J F K
RL
A
ll
L
i
n
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s
J
F
K
D
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J FK RG
J F K Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
JF KDe v ic e s
Blo c ke d
Tr a n sl a tio n
Pat te r ns
(No Bl o c k s )
9. [ 2- 9] XXXX XX
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
SFOPS T N
SF O
RL
S
F
O
D
ev
i
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s
SFO RG
SF O Ga te wa ys
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YVRPST N
YVR
RL
Y
V
R
D
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v
i
c
es
YVRRG
YVR Ga te wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YOWPS T N
YOW
RL
Y
O
W

D
e
v
ic
e
s
YOW RG
YOWGa te wa ys
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXX XX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
L GA PST N
LGA
RL
L
G
A
D
e
v
ic
e
s
L GA RG
L GAGa t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
L GADe vi c e s
9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9. 0 1 1! #
YYYPST N
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y

D
e
v
ic
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s
YYY RG
YYYGa t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9. 0 1 1! #
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
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D
D
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v
i
c
es
ORD RG
ORD Ga t e wa y s
91 1
9.9 11
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1 !#
YXKPSTN
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
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e
s
YXK RG
YXKGa t ewa y s
91 1
9.9 11
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXX XXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1 !#
L GA PST N
LGA
RL
L
G
A
D
e
v
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e
s
L GA RG
LGA G a t ewa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1[ 2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1! #
YYYPST N
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y

D
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v
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e
s
YYY RG
YYY G a te wa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1[ 2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1! #
ORDPST N
OR D
RL
O
R
D
D
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v
i
ce
s
ORD RG
ORDGa t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1! #
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
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v
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s
YXK RG
YXK Ga t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1! #
LGAPST N
L GA
RL
L
G
A
D
ev
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LGA R G
L GA Ga t ew a y s
9 11
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i
ce
s
L GA RG
L G A Ga t ewa ys
9 11
9.9 11
L GADe v ic es 9 .[ 2-9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YYYP STN
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y
D
e
v
ic
e
s
YYY RG
YYY G a t ewa ys
9 11
9.9 11
YYYDe vi c es 9 .[ 2-9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
R
D

D
e
vi
c
e
s
ORD RG
ORD Ga t ewa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
ORDDe v ic e s 9.[ 2 - 9]XXXXXX
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXXXX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
i
ce
s
YXK RG
YXKGa t ewa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
YXKDe v ic e s 9.[ 2 - 9]XXXXXX
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXXXX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
L GAP STN
L GA
RL
L
G
A
D
e
v
ic
e
s
L GA RG
LGA G a te wa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
L GADe vi c es 9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1! #
YYY PSTN
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y
D
e
v
ic
e
s
YYY RG
YYY Ga te wa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
YYYDe vi c es 9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1! #
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
R
D
D
e
vi
c
e
s
ORD RG
ORDGa t ewa y s
9 11
9.9 1 1
ORDDe v ic e s 9 .[ 2-9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2-9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
i
ce
s
YXK RG
YXK Ga t ewa ys
9 11
9.9 1 1
YXKDe v ic es 9 .[ 2-9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2-9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
L GA PST N
LGA
RL
L
G
A
D
e
v
ic
e
s
L GA RG
L G A Ga t ewa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
L GADe v ic es 9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1 !#
YYY PSTN
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y

D
e
v
ic
e
s
YYY RG
YYY G a te wa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1 !#
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
R
D
D
e
v
i
c
e
s
ORD RG
ORD Ga t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 1 1
ORDDe v ic e s 9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1 !#
YXK PST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
ic
e
s
YXK RG
YXKGa t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 1 1
YXKDe v ic e s 9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1 !#
L GA PSTN
LGA
RL
L
G
A

D
e
v
ic
e
s
L GA RG
LGA G a te wa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1[ 2- 9]XX[ 2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1! #
YYY PSTN
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y

D
e
v
ic
e
s
YYY RG
YYY Ga te wa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1[ 2- 9]XX[ 2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1! #
ORDPST N
OR D
RL
O
R
D
D
e
v
i
c
e
s
ORD RG
ORDGa t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 1 1
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9. 0 1 1 !#
YXK PST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
ic
e
s
YXK RG
YXK Ga t ewa ys
91 1
9 .9 1 1
YXKDe v ic es
9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9. 0 1 1 !#
L G APSTN
L GA
RL
L
G
A

D
e
v
ic
e
s
L GA RG
LGA Ga te wa ys
9 1 1
9 .91 1
LG ADe vi c e s 9. [ 2 -9] XXXXX X
9. 1 [ 2-9 ]XX[ 2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9. 0 1 1 !
9.0 1 1! #
YYYPST N
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y

D
e
vi
c
e
s
YYY RG
YYY Ga te wa ys
9 1 1
9 .91 1
YYY Dev i ce s 9. [ 2 -9] XXXXX X
9. 1 [ 2-9 ]XX[ 2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9. 0 1 1 !
9.0 1 1! #
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
R
D
D
e
v
ic
e
s
ORD RG
OR D Ga t ewa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
ORDDe vi c es
9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1[ 2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1! #
YXK PSTN
YXK
RL
Y
X
K

D
e
v
ic
e
s
YXK RG
YXK Ga te wa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
YXKDe vi c es 9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1[ 2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1! #
L G APSTN
L GA
RL
L
G
A

D
e
v
ic
e
s
L GA RG
L GA Ga t e wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
LGA Dev i ce s 9. [ 2- 9] XXXXX X
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9 ]XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9.0 11 ! #
YYYPS T N
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y
D
e
vi
c
e
s
YYYRG
YYY Ga t e wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
YYY Dev i ce s 9. [ 2- 9] XXXXX X
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9 ]XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9.0 11 ! #
ORDPSTN
ORD
RL
O
R
D
D
e
v
ic
e
s
ORD RG
ORD Ga t e wa ys
9 1 1
9 .91 1
ORDDe vi c es 9. [ 2 -9] XXXXX X
9. 1 [ 2- 9]XX[ 2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9. 0 1 1 !
9.0 1 1! #
YXKPSTN
YXK
RL
Y
X
K

D
e
v
ic
e
s
YXK RG
YXK Ga te wa ys
9 1 1
9 .91 1
YXKDe vi c e s 9. [ 2 -9] XXXXX X
9. 1 [ 2- 9]XX[ 2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9. 0 1 1 !
9.0 1 1! #
LGAPST N
L GA
RL
L
G
A
D
ev
i
c
e
s
LGA RG
L GA Ga t ewa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXXXX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YYYP ST N
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y
D
e
v
i
ce
s
YYY RG
YYYGa t ewa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXXXX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
OR DPST N
ORD
RL
O
R
D

D
e
v
ic
e
s
OR D R G
ORD Ga t e way s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
ORDDe v ic e s 9. [ 2 - 9] XXXXXX
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXX XX
9. 0 1 1!
9.0 11 !#
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K

D
e
vi
c
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s
YXK R G
YXK Ga t e way s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
YXKDe v ic e s 9. [ 2 - 9] XXXXXX
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXX XX
9. 0 1 1!
9.0 11 !#
LGAPST N
L GA
RL
L
G
A
D
ev
i
c
es
LGA RG
L GAGa t ewa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2-9 ]XXXXXX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YYYP ST N
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y
D
e
v
i
ce
s
YYY RG
YYYGa t ewa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2-9 ]XXXXXX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
OR DPST N
ORD
RL
O
R
D

D
e
v
ic
e
s
OR D R G
ORD Ga t e way s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
ORDDe v ic e s 9.[ 2 - 9] XXXXXX
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
ev
i
c
e
s
YXK RG
YXK Ga t e wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
YXKDe v ic e s 9.[ 2 - 9] XXXXXX
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9] XXXXXX
9.0 1 1!
9 .0 11 !#
LGAPST N
L GA
RL
L
G
A
D
e
v
i
ce
s
L GA RG
L G A Ga t ewa ys
9 11
9.9 11
L GADe v ic es 9 .[ 2-9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YYYP STN
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y
D
e
v
ic
e
s
YYY RG
YYY G a t ewa ys
9 11
9.9 11
YYYDe vi c es 9 .[ 2-9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
R
D

D
e
vi
c
e
s
ORD RG
ORD Ga t ewa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
ORDDe v ic e s 9.[ 2 - 9]XXXXXX
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXXXX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
i
ce
s
YXK RG
YXKGa t ewa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
YXKDe v ic e s 9.[ 2 - 9]XXXXXX
9.1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9]XXXXXX
9.0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
L GAP STN
L GA
RL
L
G
A
D
e
v
ic
e
s
L GA RG
LGA G a te wa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1! #
YYY PSTN
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y
D
e
v
ic
e
s
YYY RG
YYY Ga te wa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1! #
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
R
D
D
e
vi
c
e
s
ORD RG
ORDGa t ewa y s
9 11
9.9 1 1
ORDDe v ic e s 9 .[ 2-9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2-9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
YXKPST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
i
ce
s
YXK RG
YXK Ga t ewa ys
9 11
9.9 1 1
YXKDe v ic es 9 .[ 2-9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2-9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .0 11 !#
L GA PST N
LGA
RL
L
G
A
D
e
v
ic
e
s
L GA RG
L G A Ga t ewa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
L GADe v ic es 9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1 !#
YYY PSTN
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y

D
e
v
ic
e
s
YYY RG
YYY G a te wa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1 !#
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
R
D
D
e
v
i
c
e
s
ORD RG
ORD Ga t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 1 1
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1 !#
YXK PST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
ic
e
s
YXK RG
YXKGa t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 1 1
YXKDe v ic e s 9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1 [2 -9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9 .01 1 !#
L GA PSTN
LGA
RL
L
G
A

D
e
v
ic
e
s
L GA RG
LGA G a te wa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1[ 2- 9]XX[ 2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1! #
YYY PSTN
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y

D
e
v
ic
e
s
YYY RG
YYY Ga te wa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
9 .1[ 2- 9]XX[ 2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1! #
ORDPST N
OR D
RL
O
R
D
D
e
v
i
c
e
s
ORD RG
ORDGa t ewa y s
91 1
9 .9 1 1
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9. 0 1 1 !#
YXK PST N
YXK
RL
Y
X
K
D
e
v
ic
e
s
YXK RG
YXK Ga t ewa ys
91 1
9 .9 1 1
YXKDe v ic es
9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1 [2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .0 11 !
9. 0 1 1 !#
L G APSTN
L GA
RL
L
G
A

D
e
v
ic
e
s
L GA RG
LGA Ga te wa ys
9 1 1
9 .91 1
LG ADe vi c e s 9. [ 2 -9] XXXXX X
9. 1 [ 2-9 ]XX[ 2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9. 0 1 1 !
9.0 1 1! #
YYYPST N
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y

D
e
vi
c
e
s
YYY RG
YYY Ga te wa ys
9 1 1
9 .91 1
YYY Dev i ce s 9. [ 2 -9] XXXXX X
9. 1 [ 2-9 ]XX[ 2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9. 0 1 1 !
9.0 1 1! #
ORDPST N
ORD
RL
O
R
D
D
e
v
ic
e
s
ORD RG
OR D Ga t ewa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
ORDDe vi c es
9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1[ 2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1! #
YXK PSTN
YXK
RL
Y
X
K

D
e
v
ic
e
s
YXK RG
YXK Ga te wa ys
91 1
9 .9 11
YXKDe vi c es 9 .[2 -9 ]XXXXXX
9 .1[ 2- 9] XX[2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9 .01 1 !
9. 0 1 1! #
L G APSTN
L GA
RL
L
G
A

D
e
v
ic
e
s
L GA RG
L GA Ga t e wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
LGA Dev i ce s 9. [ 2- 9] XXXXX X
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9 ]XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9.0 11 ! #
YYYPS T N
YYY
RL
Y
Y
Y
D
e
vi
c
e
s
YYYRG
YYY Ga t e wa y s
9 11
9. 9 1 1
YYY Dev i ce s 9. [ 2- 9] XXXXX X
9. 1 [2 -9 ]XX[ 2- 9 ]XXXXXX
9. 0 1 1!
9.0 11 ! #
ORDPSTN
ORD
RL
O
R
D
D
e
v
ic
e
s
ORD RG
ORD Ga t e wa ys
9 1 1
9 .91 1
ORDDe vi c es 9. [ 2 -9] XXXXX X
9. 1 [ 2- 9]XX[ 2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9. 0 1 1 !
9.0 1 1! #
YXKPSTN
YXK
RL
Y
X
K

D
e
v
ic
e
s
YXK RG
YXK Ga te wa ys
9 1 1
9 .91 1
YXKDe vi c e s 9. [ 2 -9] XXXXX X
9. 1 [ 2- 9]XX[ 2 -9 ]XXXXX X
9. 0 1 1 !
9.0 1 1! #
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
209
Local Route Group
with it we can start from this, for two sites
Internal
All IP Phone DNs
BlockedPSTN
9.[2-9]XXXXXX
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
CSSs
Partitions
JFKPSTN
JFK
RL
A
l
l

L
i
n
e
s
J
F
K

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
JFK RG
JFK Gateways
911
9.911
JFKDevices
Blocked
Translation
Patterns
(No Blocks)
9.[2-9]XXXXXX
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
SFOPSTN
S
F
O

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
SFO RG
SFO Gateways
911
9.911
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
SFO
RL
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
210
Local Route Group
what it is: screen shot
1. Device pool is site-
specific
2. Local route group is
associated with
device pool
3. Local route group is
thus associated with
all devices using a
given device pool:
e.g.: phones,
gateways
Ref: Cisco Unified Communications
Manager Features and Services Guide,
Release 7.0(1)
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
211
Local Route Group
with it and end up with this, for two sites.
Internal
All IP Phone DNs
BlockedPSTN
9.[2-9]XXXXXX
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
CSSs
Partitions
A
l
l

L
i
n
e
s
J
F
K

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
JFK RG
JFK Gateways
JFKDevices
Blocked
Translation
Patterns
(No Blocks)
S
F
O

D
e
v
i
c
e
s
SFO RG
SFO Gateways
911
9.911
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
9.011!
9.011!#
US LD
RL
US_pstn_part
Local
Route
group
1
s
t
p
r
e
f
2
nd
pref
HQ RG
HQ Gateways
US LOC
RL
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
212
Dial Plan
Other Tools
1.Many other Dial Plan
features available
2.More information in
the Unified CM Features
and Service Guide:
http://cisco.com/en/US/partner/pr
oducts/sw/voicesw/ps556/prod_
maintenance_guides_list.html
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
213
Dial Plan
General Recommendations
1.Keep it simple
2.Standard naming conventions
3.Plan for future growth
4.Migrations are the right moment to redesign dial plan
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
214
The Elements of
Media
Resources
UC
Processing
Agents
Gateway/
Survivable
Remote
PSTN/IP
Gateway
UC
Endpoints
Comms
Endpoints
PSTN
WAN
Aggregation
Router
Branch
Router
Distribution/
Core Switch
Campus
Branch
IP WAN
Access
Switch
Access
Switch
Conf
Voice Mail/
Unified
Messaging
Web /Audio/
Video
Conferencing
XML
Phone
Services
LDAP
Directory
GK GK
MTP MTP
Xcode Xcode
Conf Conf
Si Si Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si Si Si
UC
Applications
UC Infrastructure
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
215
Agenda
Introduction
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
216
Agenda
1.Computer Telephony Integration (CTI)
2.LDAP Directories
3.Cisco Unified CM Applications
4.Cisco Unified Application Environment
5.Presence
6.Voicemail and Voicemail Integration
7.Voice, Video and Web Conferencing
8.Mobility and Mobility Applications
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
217
Application
JTAPI or TAPI/TSP
CTI/QBE RTP
Application
Uses the TAPI TSP
or JTAPI Plug-in to
Communicate with
the CTI Manager
Using CTI/QBE
over TCP/IP
CTI Manager
Acts as a Broker
Between the
Application and the
Cisco Unified CM
Cluster
SDL CTI/QBE
CTI Manager
(J)TAPI and CTI Concepts
Functional Blocks
Cisco Unified CM
CTI Port CTI RP
Cisco Unified CM
Hosts the CTI
Devices and Provides
Device Redundancy
and Call Control
SDL
TAPI = Telephony Application Programming Interface
JTAPI = Java Telephony Application Programming Interface
TSP = Telephony Service Provider
CTI = Computer Telephony Integration
QBE = Quick Buffer Encoding
SDL = Specification and Description Language
RP = Route Point
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
218
Joining All the Elements
IP-IVR
CTI RP
(DN 1000)
CTI Port
(DN 1001)
CTI Port
(DN 1002)
CTI RP
(DN 2000)
C
C
X
1. Incoming Call from GW to
IP-IVRs Route Point (Pilot
Number 1000) IVR
Application Redirect to a
Free IP-IVR CTI Port (1001)
2. IP-IVR Answers Call on CTI
Port; Plays Messages and
Collects Information,
Blind Transfers Caller to
ICD Route Point (2000)
Agent
(DN 3000)
3. CCX Receives Incoming
Call from IP-IVR, Checks to
See If Agent Is On-Hook via
Third-Party Control; Redirects
Calls to Agent (3000)
Third-Party Control
IP-IVR = Cisco Unified IP-IVR
CCX = Contact Center Express
1
2
3
4
Cisco Networkers
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Route Point, Port, and Third-Party Control
1. Makes and
receives calls
2. Media capable
1. Dual control
2. Status monitoring
3. Automatically created
when device is
associated with user
CTI Port
S
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
g
M
e
d
i
a
CTI Route Point
S
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
g
CTI Third-
Party
Control
Controlled
Device
S
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
g
S
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
g
M
e
d
i
a
M
e
d
i
a
Routes calls
Acts as queue point
Mainly for Monitoring
and Recording
Cisco Networkers
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220
CTI Provisioning
CTI Manager Configuration
1. Primary and backup CTI Managers configured in the application
2. CTI managers installed co-resident with Cisco Unified CM (publisher),
maximum: 8 CTI managers
Application
2500 CTI Connections/Associations per server
1
10000 CTI Connections/Associations per Cluster
1
Cisco Unified CM Cluster
CTI Manager CTI Manager CTI Manager CTI Manager
CTI Manager CTI Manager CTI Manager CTI Manager
Cisco Networkers
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221
CTI Provisioning
CTI Device Configuration
CTI Route Point
Device pool (redundancy)
Calling search space
Media resource settings
Multiple lines
CTI Port
Device pool (redundancy)
Device CSS
Media resource settings
Multiple lines
Cisco Networkers
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222
Cisco Unified CM Cluster
CTI Provisioning
CTI Manager and Device Redundancy
Application
(IP IVR)
Port
Port
RP
Port
Port
Device Redundancy for
CTI Ports Primary Cisco Unified CM is C
CTI Ports Secondary Cisco Unified CM is B
Port
Port
Port
Cisco Unified
CM A
CTI Manager
CTI Manager Redundancy
Primary CTIM is Cisco Unified CM A
Secondary CTIM is Cisco Unified CM B
CTI Manager
Cisco Unified CM B
P
r
i
m
a
r
y

C
T
I
M
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y

C
T
I
M
Cisco Unified
CM C
F
a
i
l
e
d
Cisco Networkers
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223
CTI Manager
CTI Manager
IP IVRA
P
r
i
m
a
r
y

C
T
I
M
CUCM-A
CUCM-B
CTI Provisioning
Application Redundancy and Load Balancing
P
r
i
m
a
r
y

C
T
I
M
IVR B
IVR A
Port Key
Application Redundancy and Load
Balancing Using Call Forward on
Busy, No Answer, and Failure
Incoming Calls
Port
Port
IP IVRB
RP
Port
Port
RP
Port
Port
Port
Port
Call Fwd on
Failure
F
a
i
l
e
d
Cisco Networkers
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Agenda
2.LDAP Directories
5.Presence
Cisco Networkers
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225
LDAP Directories
What Does Directory Integration Mean to You?
IP Telephony End-Users
IP Telephony Application
Administrators
IP Telephony Endpoints
IP Telephony
Applications
Corporate
Directory
(e.g., Microsoft AD,
Netscape/iPlanet/Sun)
U
s
e
r

P
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n
i
n
g
A
u
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
A
u
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
U
s
e
r

L
o
o
k
u
p
IT
Group
Cisco Networkers
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226
LDAP Directories
Integration Approach: Cisco Unified CM
Corporate LDAP
Directory
Embedded
Database
Cisco Unified
CM >6.X
Sync
Agent
User
Provisioning
(Read Only)
User
Authentication
(Read Only)
Enabled
Independently
L
D
A
P
No Data Written
to Directory!
DB DB
Cisco Networkers
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227
LDAP Directories
Cisco Unified CM: Default Behavior
Cisco Unified
Communications Manager
WWW
Extension Mobility
Login
Password
Authentication
IMS
CM
Assistant
Attendant
Console
IPCC
Express
Other Cisco
Applications
(Application Users)
Password
Authentication
PIN
Authentication
DirSync
Directory
Synchronization
Tool (Inactive)
IP Telephony Users,
Administrators
(End Users)
Directories
Button
Authentication
User
Lookup
Web
Service
Identity Management
System (IMS) Library
H
T
T
P
S
H
T
T
P
User
Lookup
Embedded
Database
H
T
T
P
S H
T
T
P
DB DB
Cisco Networkers
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228
LDAP Directories
Cisco Unified CM: Directory Synchronization
H
T
T
P
S
Unified CM User Options,
Extension Mobility,
Unified CM Administrators
H
T
T
P
WWW
IP Phone
Directories
Button
User
Lookup
Authentication
IMS
Authentication
User
Lookup
Corporate
Directory
(Microsoft AD,
Netscape/iPlanet)
DirSync
User Data
Synchronization
DirSync Tool Pulls Main
User Attributes from
Directory into DB
User Passwords Are
Not Synced
DirSync Tool Pulls Main
User Attributes from
Directory into DB
User Passwords Are
Not Synced
LDAP(S)
DB DB
Cisco Unified
Cisco Networkers
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229
LDAP Directories
Cisco Unified CM: Directory Authentication
H
T
T
P
S
Unified CM User Options,
Unified CM Administrators
H
T
T
P
WWW
IP Phone
User
Lookup
Authentication
IMS
Authentication
User
Lookup
Corporate
Directory
(Microsoft AD,
Netscape/iPlanet)
DirSync
User Data
Synchronization
IMS Can Be
Configured to
Authenticate All
End-Users Against
Corporate Directory
IMS Can Be
Configured to
Authenticate All
End-Users Against
Corporate Directory
Directories
Button
DB DB
Cisco Unified
Cisco Networkers
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230
LDAP Directories
Cisco Unified CM: End Users vs. Application Users
1.Cisco Unified CM users are divided in
two categories:
End Users: Physical users (can be telephony users or
administrators)
Application Users: Used for other voice applications (Unified CM
Assistant, Attendant Console, IPCC Express, etc.)
2.Key concept: Application Users are always kept local
to CUCM DB and authenticated locally, even when
integrating with an external directory
3.MLA concepts fully integrated in CUCM administration
pages (Roles and User Groups)
Just assign the appropriate Role to End Users to turn them
into administrators
Cisco Networkers
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231
LDAP Directories
User Lookups with Cisco IP Phone Services SDK
Cisco Unified
CM
HTTPS
HTTP
IP Phone
Directories
Button
User
Lookup
Authentication,
User
Provisioning
IIS
IIS
LDAP
COM
LDAP
COM
Cisco IP Phone Svcs SDK
Sample
Scripts
LDAP
COM
Object
Microsoft
Windows
Server
Corporate
Directory
LDAP
Lookup
Enabling User Lookups Does Not
Affect User Provisioning and
Authentication in Unified CM
Enabling User Lookups Does Not
Affect User Provisioning and
Authentication in Unified CM
SDK
Supports
Lookups to
Any LDAP-
Compliant
Directory
SDK
Supports
Lookups to
Any LDAP-
Compliant
Directory
Cisco Networkers
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LDAP Directories
Cisco Unified CM: Main Features
1.Supported corporate directories:
Microsoft AD 2000, 2003, and 2007
Netscape 4.x, iPlanet 5.1 and Sun ONE 5.2 and 6.0
2.Built-in redundancy (configure multiple LDAP hosts)
3.Securitysupport for LDAP over SSL (LDAPS)
4.Support for multi-tree AD (dis-contiguous namespaces)
5.Configurable periodic or manual resynchronization
6.Authentication (enabled separately):
End User password can be authenticated against directory
End User PINs are authenticated against Unified CM DB
Application User passwords are authenticated against
Unified CM DB
Cisco Networkers
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233
Agenda
2.LDAP Directories
5.Presence
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
234
Cisco Unified CM Applications
Overview
SCCP/SIP
HTTP
IP Phone Services
Web
Server
SCCP/SIP
HTTP
TFTP
Cisco Unified
Extension Mobility
JTAPI/CTI
HTTPS
SCCP/SIP
HTTP
Cisco Unified CM Assistant
Assistant
Console/
Web
JTAPI/CTI SCCP
Cisco Unified
Attendant Console
AC Console
HTTP/HTTPS SCCP/SIP
Cisco Unified WebDialer
Web/
Application
Cisco Networkers
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235
.
.
.
IP Phone Services
ArchitectureUser Initiated
1. User pushes
Services button
which generates
HTTP Get
2. Getservicesmenu.jsp
script generates menu
of phones subscribe
service URLs
3. IP Phone Services
returns list of
subscribed services
via HTTP Response
4. User selects IP Phone
Service from menu
which generates HTTP
Get to web server
HTTP Get
Cisco Unified CM
Extension Mobility
Unified CM Assistant
Service URL Menu of
Subscribed Services
HTTP Response
Menu Generation
HTTP Get
Web Server IP Phone
1
getservicesmenu.jsp
2
3
4
List of Subscribed
Services URLs
Phone Service 1
Phone Service 2
Phone Service 3
Phone Service N
Cisco Networkers
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IP Phone Services
RedundancyServer Load Balancing
1. Two types of redundancy need to be considered
IP Phone Service: Providing redundancy for the Phone
Services button/menu mechanism
Web Server: Providing redundancy for the web server hosting
the Phone Service(s)
2. In either case, some type of server load balancing (SLB)
can be used
HTTP Request
(to 10.1.1.1)
Cisco Unified CM-1
Cisco Unified CM-2
Real IP: 10.1.1.11
Virtual IP: 10.1.1.1
SLB
Real IP: 10.1.1.12
X
X
URL Service:
http://10.1.1.1:8080/ccmcip/getservicesmenu.jsp
ip slb serverfarm CUCM-NODES
real 10.1.1.11
inservice
real 10.1.1.12
inservice
!
ip slb vserver CUCM
virtual 10.1.1.1 tcp 0
serverfarm CUCM-NODES
client 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
inservice
Cisco Networkers
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237
IP Phone Services
RedundancyDomain Name Service (DNS)
1. Redundancy for IP Phone Services and Web Server can also
be provided using DNS
2. Requires the creation of multiple DNS A records for the same
Hostname and IP Address
HTTP Request
CUCM1.cisco.com
CUCM2.cisco.com
IP: 10.1.1.11
Switch
IP: 10.1.1.12
X
X
DNS
Server
URL Service:
http://cluster1.cisco.com:8080/ccmcip/getservicesmenu.jsp
DNS Lookup
cluster1.cisco.com
DNS Response
cluster1.cisco.com
10.1.1.11
10.1.1.12
Cisco Networkers
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Extension Mobility
Functionality
1. Extension Mobility (EM) is an
application that allows a user
to temporarily take ownership
of a phone
2. User-specific device profile is
configured for each EM user
and applied to the phone a
user logs in to
3. User can log in to any phone
within a Unified CM cluster
that has been enabled for EM
Device Profile
62796
62798
Home
Sue Mobile
62796
Cisco Networkers
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239
Extension Mobility
EM Phone Service Login
Extension Mobility Login/Logout Procedure:
1. User presses Services key on phone
2. Cisco Unified CM returns a list of subscribed services
including Extension Mobility phone service
3. User selects and enters UserID and PIN number and
pushes submit to start login process (or selects Yes
softkey to start logoff) 1
Extension Mobility
Extension Mobility Login
jsmith
2
3
Cisco Networkers
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240
Hunt Group
1
st
AC1, line 2
2
nd
AC2, line 1
Attendant Console
Functionality
1. Attendant Console clients
login and register with
AC Server on Unified CM
2. AC Pilot Point/Hunt Group
Phone A calls Pilot Point
at 10001
Pilot Point passes call to
member of Hunt Group
If 1
st
member is
unavailable, call is
passed to 2
nd
member
3. AC supports four
routing algorithms
1
2
3
Dials: 10001
Phone A
User: AC2
Cisco Unified
CM
User: AC1
AC
Pilot
Point
AC
Pilot
Point
Line[1]: 60001
Line[2]: 59002
AC
Server
AC
Server
Line[1]: 40001
Line[2]: 59001
Registration
10001
10001
Attendant 1
Attendant 2
Cisco Networkers
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241
Attendant Console
Desktop Console
Call Control
Window
Speed Dials
Window
Broadcast Call
Queue Window
Directory
Window
Cisco Networkers
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242
UCM Assistant
Desktop Console and Phone Console
1. Assistant logs into Desktop or Phone Console using username
and password (desktop) or PIN (phone)
2. Call handling and configuration functionality can be performed
on Desktop or Phone console
IP Phone Service
Cisco Networkers
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243
UCM Assistant
FunctionalityProxy Line Support
1. Phone A calls Manager
at 60001
2. Unified CM Assistant RP
intercepts and redirects
call to Assistant Proxy
Line 39001
3. Assistant chooses to
redirect to Manager
4. In the event of Unified
CM Assistant service(s)/
Unified CM Assistant RP
failure, call to 60001
falls-through directly
to Manager based
on CFNA
1
2
4
UCM
Assistant
Route
Point (CTI)
3
Dials: 60001
DN: 60001
Proxy
Line: 39001
Phone A
Assistant
Manager
X
X
CFNA: 6XXXX
6XXXX
Cisco Networkers
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244
FunctionalityShared Line Support
1. Phone A calls Manager
at 60001
2. Assistant shares line
60001 with Manager
and both phones ring
1
2
Dials: 60001
DN: 60001
Shared
Line: 60001
Phone A
Assistant Manager
Manager and Assistant lines must
be in same partition
CTI Route Point does not intercept the
call; however, DND feature is dependent
on active Cisco IP Manager Assistant
and CTIManager services
Call filtering, call intercept, Assistant
Watch, and assistant selection are
not supported
Cisco Networkers
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245
WebDialer
Basic Click-to-Call Functionality
1. User launches WebDialer
application via:
Web-Based Applications:
Web page or CUCM User
Directory page
Desktop Applications:
3r
d
party applications
2. User logins with CM end user
UserID and password
3. User selects Extension Mobility
(for logged in Device Profile) or
permanently assigned device
(MAC/Line DN)
4. User clicks Dial and call is
generated from user device to
destination phone
1
4
User: John Smith
User: AC2
10002
Phone number:
Dial
Dial
Phone A
MAC: SEP00036BC7B973
DN: 10001
2
3
Phone B
DN: 10002
Cisco Unified CM
(with WebDialer
Service)
UserID: jsmith
Password: cisco
UserID: jsmith
Password: cisco
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
246
WebDialer
Redirector Click-to-Dial Functionality
Web
Application
San Jose User Richardson User
RTP User
Web
Application
Web
Application
RTP Cluster
Richardson Cluster SJ Cluster
10.100.1.1:8443 10.100.2.1:8443 10.100.3.1:8443 10.100.1.1:8443 10.100.2.1:8443 10.100.1.1:8443 10.100.3.1:8443
10.100.1.1
WebDialer
10.100.2.1
WebDialer
10.100.3.1
WebDialer
1. Web Application points
to WebDialer Redirector
in SJ
2. SJ Redirector requests
userID and password
and user enters and
submits login
information
3. SJ Redirector sends
isClusterUser HTTPS
request to each
WebDialer server
configured
4. RTP WebDialer (local to
user) sends positive
response
5. User is redirected to
RTP WebDialer
1
2
4
5
Redirector/
3
Cisco Networkers
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247
WebDialer
Web-Based Interface Example
HTML View:
<html>
<center><h3>Webdialer/Redirector HTML sample:</h3></center>
Username: Adams, Sally 
Email: <a href=mailto:sadams@cisco.com>a> 
Phone: <a href= https://10.100.3.1:8443/webdialer/Webdialer?destination=23923 >23923</a> 
Department: Human Resources 
 
Username: Smith, Steve 
Email: <a href=mailto:ssmith@cisco.com>ssmith</a> 
Phone: <a href= https://10.100.3.1:8443/webdialer/Redirector?destination=30271 >30271</a> 
Department: Human Resources
<hr>
</html>
Browser View:
Cisco Networkers
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248
Whats new with Communications Manager
7.0 for Applications?
1.Support for Java MIDlets
2.New Enterprise Parameters for IP Phone Services
Internal: services downloaded via config file, midlets ok
External: services via Enterprise Parameters, no midlets
Both
3.Extension Mobility Security: validate IP Addresses for
login/logout requests
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
249
Agenda
2.LDAP Directories
5.Presence
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
250
Cisco Unified Applications Environment
(CUAE)Voice Integration Point
Enabling Truly Unique IP Communications
Applications to Be Built, Deployed, and Managed
Cisco Unified
Application
Environment
Brings Voice
to Data
Applications
and Data
to Voice
Applications
Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Cisco Networkers
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251
Cisco Unified Applications Environment
(CUAE)Deployment Case Study
Business ProcessBefore
Space Planner Uses
Inflated Use Data to
Make Lease Decisions
Yes
Consultant Uses Web
App to Find and Reserve
Chicago Office Space
Shows up to
Use Space?
Space Use
DB
No
Consultant Uses Web
App to Find and Reserve
Chicago Office Space
Business ProcessAfter
Shows up to
Use Space?
Space Use
DB
Confirms Arrival on
IP Phone
System Automatically
Routes Incoming Calls
to Chicago Cube and
Updates DB
Space Planner Uses
Actual Use Data to
Make Lease Decisions
System Continues
to Route Calls to
Consultant Cell
Yes
No
Cisco Networkers
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252
Agenda
2.LDAP Directories
5.Presence
Cisco Networkers
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253
Presence
What Is Presence?
1.Examples of presence in action today
IM Buddy List status indication (Available, Idle, Away)
Busy tone on traditional phone
Contact Center Agent status
2.Publish/Subscribe/Notify
A Person can publish presence information to other users
via a Presence Service
Users of the Presence Service can subscribe to receive
Notification of Status Change of a Person
Information About a Persons Availability and
Willingness to Communicate
Cisco Networkers
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254
Presence
Definitions
1. Presentity: Presence Entity in short, presentity
refers to the object whose presence attribute is
being monitored
2. Watcher: A watcher requests the status of the
presence entity by sending a SUBSCRIBE
message to the presence server
3. PUBLISH: A SIP method described in RFC-
3903 that allows a presentity to update its
presence status on a presence server
4. SUSBCRIBE: A SIP method described in RFC-
3261 that allows a watcher to request presence
status of a presentity
5. NOTIFY: A SIP method described in RFC-
3261 that is used by the presence server to
update the presence status of a presentity
to the watcher
6. CSTA: Computer Supported
Telecommunications Applications;
an abstraction layer for developing
telephony applications
7. WebDAV: Web-based Distributed Authoring
and Versioning
1. SIP/SIMPLE: SIMPLE (SIP for Instant
Messaging and Presence Leveraging
Extensions), RFC-3428, is an IM and presence
protocol suite based on SIP
2. IPPM: IP Phone Messenger is a Cisco
Unified IP Phone service that provides users
with the ability to create buddy lists, watch
their presence information, and exchange
instant messages
3. BLF: Busy Line FieldThis feature displays
the offhook/onhook status of another phone;
on Cisco IP Phones, BLF can be enabled on
Speed Dial buttons and on Call History list
4. AXL SOAP: AVVID XML Layer Simple Object
Access ProtocolA Cisco application
programming interface (API) and web service
designed to give applications access to Cisco
Unified CM configuration and provisioning
services; AXL is implemented as a Simple
Object Access Protocol (SOAP) over HTTP
web service
Cisco Networkers
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255
Presence
Presentity and WatcherPublish and Subscribe
1. A Person will PUBLISH the status of communication Services/Devices to
the PRESENCE SERVICE using their PRESENTITY
2. A WATCHER can SUBSCRIBE (for a period of time) to receive updates
on status changes for the PRESENTITY
3. A WATCHER can (and most likely will) also have a Presentity
Person
jsmith@cisco.com
Presentity
P
U
B
L
I
S
H
Presence
Service
PERSON A
(RFC-3903)
A Registration
Will Have Preceded
the PUBLISH
PERSON B
(RFC-3265)
S
U
B
S
C
R
I
B
E
WATCHER
Cisco Networkers
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256
Presence
Presentity and WatcherNotify
Person
(jsmith)
Presentities
Presence
Service
N
O
T
I
F
Y
PERSON A
PERSON B
On a Change of status the PRESENTITY is updated on
the Presence Service
The Presence Service will NOTIFY all the subscribers of
the PRESENTITY
WATCHER
N
O
T
I
F
Y
NOTIFY
N
O
T
I
F
Y
(RFC-3265)
(RFC-3265)
Off-Hook
Status Event
Cisco Networkers
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257
CUCM 6.X
Presence
In Action with CUCMBLF Speed Dial and Call History
Off-Hook
John Smith Makes a Call
Steve Jones Is Monitoring
John Smith Status
John Smith
5553004
Steve Jones
5553003
B
u
s
y
B
u
s
y
John Smith Status Is Advertised
to a Presence Network
Contact: John Smith Ext: 5553004
John Smith
From John Smith
5553004
BLF
Speed Dial
BLF
Call History
Cisco
Unified Presence
Server
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
258
Presence
Cisco Unified PresenceServer Appliance Overview
Cisco Unified
CM
Communications
Manager
Database
IP Phone
Appliance Model
Same OS as CUCM
Same Hardware
as CUCM
Licensing
CTI Manager
Call Control
Cisco Unified
Presence server
Sync
Agent
SIP Proxy
Tomcat
IPPM
CTI-GW
Profile Agent
Calendar
Intercluster
Sync
Agent
Other Presence Applications
can Use SIP/SIMPLE
Interface (Example: IBM
Sametime, CUAE)
Microsoft
Exchange
WebDAV
Presence Engine
AXL SOAP
CTI Interface
(SIP INFO)
SIP/CSTA
Microsoft
LCS/OCS
HTTP
SCCP/SIP
SIP TRUNK
Management
Web
Browser
Cisco Networkers
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259
Call Control
Presence
Cisco Unified Personal CommunicatorClient Overview
Cisco Unified
Presence Server
Cisco Unified
CM
Communications
Manager Database
Sync
Agent
SIP Proxy
Presence Engine
Tomcat
IPPM
IP Phone
Unified Personal
Communicator
(CUPC)
AXL SOAP
Licensing
CTI Manager
SIP TRUNK
SIMPLE
CTI-QBE
Management
Profile Agent
TLS/SOAP
SCCP/
SIP SIP
41 41
Web
Browser
Cisco Networkers
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260
Presence
1.BRKUCT-2113: Understanding and Deploying Cisco
Unified Presence
For More Information Check out the Following Session:
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
261
Agenda
2.LDAP Directories
5.Presence
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
262
Voicemail and Voicemail Integration
Cisco Voice Messaging Portfolio
1. Voicemail-Only refers to a telephony voicemail integration where
there is no access to the voicemail via any messaging client
2. Integrated Messaging refers to voicemail with telephony access
as well as voicemail-only access via a messaging client
3. Unified Messaging refers to voicemail with telephony access as
well as voicemail, email, and fax access via a messaging client
Messaging Type Cisco Unity
Cisco Unity
Connection
Cisco Unity
Express
Voicemail-Only Yes Yes Yes
Integrated Messaging Yes Yes Yes
Unified Messaging Yes No No
Cisco Networkers
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263
Cisco Voice Messaging Portfolio
1500 Users 10000+ Users
Up to
250 Users
500 Users
Cisco
Unity
Express
Cisco Unity
Unified Messaging and Voice Messaging
Scales to 10000
VM Users (7.0)
Cisco
Unified
CMBE
Cisco Unity Connection
Integrated Messaging
Cisco Networkers
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264
Integration Methods
DPA
Integration
Octel VM
DPA
(Octel to
CM Gateway)*
3
Cisco
Unified
CM
Cisco
Unified
CM
SMDI
Integration
SMDI
Analog
Trunks
MGCP
Gateway
SMDI-Capable
VM System
2
or
SCCP/SIP
Integration
SCCP/SIP
Cisco Unity or Cisco
Unity Connection
VM/UM Server
1
Cisco
Unified
CM
*: No longer supported
with CUCM 7.0
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1. Support for multiple voice mail
systems per Cisco Unified
CM cluster
2. Voice mail system selection
configurable per DN
3. Message Waiting Indicator
(MWI) light behavior
configurable per line
Cisco Unity
Connection
Third-Party
Voicemail
Cisco
Unified CM
Cluster
Cisco
Unity
Cisco Unity/Cisco Unity Connection
General Considerations
Cisco Networkers
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266
Cisco Unity/Cisco Unity ConnectionVoicemail Profile
1. Directly pressing messages button calls primary DNs voicemail
pilot number
2. Pressing line appearance button and then messages button calls
that lines voicemail pilot
VM
Profile
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Cisco Unity/Cisco Unity ConnectionSCCP or SIP
1. Cisco Unity integrates with Cisco
Unified CM via SCCP (like an
IP phone)
2. Cisco Unity integrates with Cisco
Unified CM via SIP Trunk
3. Assign DN and define VM ports using
the voice-mail port wizard on Cisco
Unified CM
4. Messages button on IP phones dials
VM pilot number (according to VM
profile assigned to each DN)
5. Multiple MWI on/off DNs can be
configured in the same Cisco Unified
CM cluster
Cisco
Unified CM
Cluster
1112
Cisco Unity/
Cisco Unity Connection
1111
Cisco Unity/Cisco
Unity Connection
Pilot Number
6000
Cisco Networkers
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SMDI
Link
MGCP
Gateway
VM
Server
MGCP
Gateway
SMDI Integration
1. Need to create a VM route pattern/list/group
2. VM system is connected through an MGCP gateway and an SMDI serial
link to Cisco Unified CM
3. Note: MGCP gateway is required (no H.323 or SIP), since Cisco Unified
CM needs to be in control of the VM ports
Route Pattern
6000
Route List
VM-SMDI-RL
Route Group
VM-SMDI-RG
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Voice-Mail Integration
SMDI: VM DN to SMDI Port
1. Defines the voice-mail route pattern DN and the partition it
resides in
2. Calls directed to this DN trigger SMDI messaging on the SMDI port
3. Defining this parameter awakens SMDI on Cisco Unified CM
Service:
CMI
Cisco Networkers
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Cisco Unified Phone ViewVisual Voicemail
1. Phone user accesses mailbox and reviews messages visually through
visual message locator functionality
2. User has the ability to select a message, take actions, view message
header details, or jump to a specific message in the stack
Cisco Unity/Cisco
Unity Connection
HTTP
User Dials Into
Voicemail
System, Enters
Password, and
Presses
5
JKL
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1.BRKUCT-2009: Designing and Deploying Cisco Voice
Messaging Solutions
For More Information, Check out the Following
Breakout Session:
Cisco Networkers
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272
Agenda
2.LDAP Directories
5.Presence
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Capabilities
Enterprise
Mid-Market
Cisco Unified
MeetingPlace
Scheduled and
Reservationless Rich-
Media Conferencing
Cisco Unified
MeetingPlace
Express
Scheduled and
Reservationless
Voice, Video
and Web
Conferencing
Cisco Unified
MeetingPlace
Express
VT
Ad-Hoc Voice
and Video
Cisco Unified
Communications
Manager
(Express)
Cisco DSPs
Ad-Hoc
Voice
Cisco Unified
Videoconferencing
and Cisco Unified
Conferencing
for Cisco
TelePresence
Ad-Hoc and
Scheduled Video
Conferencing
Ad-Hoc
Voice/Video
Scheduled and
Ad-Hoc
Voice/Video/Web
Scheduled and
Ad-Hoc
Voice/Video/Web
Voice, Video and Web Conferencing
Cisco Conferencing Solutions
Cisco Networkers
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Unified MeetingPlace Express and MeetingPlace Express VT
Scheduled/Reservationless
Voice/Web/Video
Ad-Hoc Voice/Video
IP Phone H.323 Video
Terminal
SCCP Video
Terminal
CUVA CIPC CUPC
7985G
CUMPE-VT CUMPE
CUMPE Web
External
(Optional)
H.323 or SIP Trunk
Hardware Conference Bridge
MRG/MRGL/Device Pool
Conf or MeetMe
SCCP
DMZ
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Unified MeetingPlace 7.0 Components
MeetingPlace
Media Server
GWSIM
SCCP/SIP/
H.323
SCCP/
SIP
SCCP/SIP/
H.323
H.323
PSTN
SIP
Jabber
IM Client
Microsoft
LCS
Outlook
Client
MOC
Client
Notes
Client
Sametime
Connect
Client
Microsoft
Exchange
SAN SAN/ /
NAS NAS
External
Recording
Storage
LDAP
AXL
SOAP
Administration
Center and
Conference Manager
MeetingPlace
Application Server
SIP/MP Media
Control Protocol
MeetingPlace
Collaboration Server
Lotus Lotus
Notes Notes
DMZ
GWSIM
Cisco Networkers
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Unified MeetingPlace Scheduling and Notification
MeetingPlace
Media Server
GWSIM
SCCP/SIP/
H.323
SCCP/
SIP
SCCP/SIP/
H.323
H.323
PSTN
SIP
Jabber
IM Client
Microsoft
LCS
Outlook
Client
MOC
Client
Notes
Client
Sametime
Connect
Client
Microsoft
Exchange
SAN SAN/ /
NAS NAS
External
Recording
Storage
LDAP
AXL
SOAP
Administration
Center and
Conference Manager
MeetingPlace
Application Server
SIP/MP Media
Control Protocol
MeetingPlace
Lotus Lotus
Notes Notes
Notification via email
and Calendar
DMZ
GWSIM
Meeting
scheduling via
web browser or
Outlook plug-in
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Unified MeetingPlace Attendance and User Experience
MeetingPlace
Media Server
GWSIM
SCCP/SIP/
H.323
SCCP/
SIP
SCCP/SIP/
H.323
H.323
PSTN
SIP
Jabber
IM Client
Microsoft
LCS
Outlook
Client
MOC
Client
Notes
Client
Sametime
Connect
Client
Microsoft
Exchange
SAN SAN/ /
NAS NAS
External
Recording
Storage
LDAP
AXL
SOAP
Administration
Center and
Conference Manager
MeetingPlace
Application Server
SIP/MP Media
Control Protocol
MeetingPlace
Lotus Lotus
Notes Notes
Attend meeting:
Web collaboration
with application
sharing, IM, and
attendee list
DMZ
GWSIM
Cisco Networkers
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Unified MeetingPlace Video
MeetingPlace
Media Server
GWSIM
SCCP/SIP/
H.323
SCCP/
SIP
SCCP/SIP/
H.323
H.323
PSTN
SIP
Jabber
IM Client
Microsoft
LCS
Outlook
Client
MOC
Client
Notes
Client
Sametime
Connect
Client
Microsoft
Exchange
SAN SAN/ /
NAS NAS
External
Recording
Storage
LDAP
AXL
SOAP
Administration
Center and
Conference Manager
MeetingPlace
Application Server
SIP/MP Media
Control Protocol
MeetingPlace
Lotus Lotus
Notes Notes
Rich Media experience:
Support for video
conferencing and split
screen for multiple
attendants
DMZ
GWSIM
Cisco Networkers
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Cisco Unified Phone ViewVisual Conferencing
1. Allows phone user to setup and
attend MeetingPlace meetings from
phone interface
2. Active conference roster and current
speaker indication
HTTP
User Presses Services
Button, Selects Visual
Conferencing Service
and Logs on Using
Username and PIN
MeetingPlace/
MeetingPlace
Express
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
280
1.BRKUCT-2013: Deployment of Cisco Unified Rich
Media Conferencing
For More Information on MeetingPlace/MeetingPlace
Express, Video, and Video Conferencing, Check out
the Following Breakout Session:
Cisco Networkers
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Agenda
2.LDAP Directories
5.Presence
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
282
Mobility Applications
At A Glance
1. Device Mobility
Detects physical location of phone and optimizes call routing, codec, media
resources selection, etc.
2. Campus Mobility
Cisco Unified Wireless IP Phones maintain connectivity around the campus
Dual mode phones extends connectivity through to PSTN/GSM network
3. Mobile Connect
Allows incoming calls to be offered to the users desk IP phone as well as to
configured remote destinations
4. Mobile Voice Access
Allow a Mobile Connect user outside the enterprise to make calls as though they
are directly connected to the Unified CM
5. Enterprise Feature Access
Similar to Mobile Voice Access, but with a different access methodology
6. Mobile Communicator
A graphical client that provides a rich user interface for accessing and controlling
mobile phone features; provides access to corporate directory, visual access to
voice mail, presence information, etc.
Cisco Networkers
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HQ
RTP SJC
PSTN
Dials
9-1-303-
555-1234
Dials
9-1-303-
555-1234
Denver
(303)
555-1234
Mobility and Mobility Applications
Device Mobility Considerations
1. PSTN call uses
home gateway
2. Location CAC is
unaware of the call
3. G.711 CODEC uses
more WAN bandwidth
4. home sites Media
Resources are selected
(e.g. RTP conf bridge
could be used)
5. AAR would be anchored
on the home gateway
G.711
Cisco Networkers
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Device Mobility Feature
1.Determines that the device has moved to new
location based on the devices IP subnet
2.Dynamically associates roaming device pool
to devices that move to a different location
3.Determines the following parameters:
Location
Region
Device Calling Search Space
AAR configuration
SRST reference
MRGL
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SJC
Device MobilityUser Gets New Information
Cisco Networkers
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HQ
RTP SJC
Dials
9-1-303-
555-1234
Dials
9-1-303-
555-1234
Denver
(303)
555-1234
Device MobilityResolution
1. PSTN call uses
roaming gateway
2. Location CAC is aware
of the call
3. WAN bandwidth is
not consumed
4. Proper Media
Resources are selected
5. AAR outgoing calls
would be sourced on
the new sites GW;
incoming calls will fail
(as they should)
PSTN
Cisco Networkers
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IP
Enterprise
Campus
Cisco Wireless (WLAN) IP Phones:
7920802.11b (2.4 GHz)
7921G802.11a/b/g (2.4 and 5 GHz)
Mobile Users Can Move
Seamlessly Within a
Campus WLAN
Infrastructure with the
Cisco Wireless IP Phone
7920 and 7921G
WLAN Access
Point (AP)
WLAN
AP
WLAN
AP
WLAN
AP
WLAN
AP
WLAN
AP
WLAN
AP
WLAN
AP
WLAN
AP
Campus MobilityWLAN Cisco
Wireless IP Phone 7920/7921G
Cisco Networkers
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Enterprise
Cisco Unified
CM Cluster
WLAN
(802.11b/g)
Nokia
PSTN
PSTN
Gateway
Dual-mode phones provide the ability to use either PSTN/GSM or
WLAN connectivity for making and receiving calls
Active
Directory
Cisco Unity/
Cisco Unity
Connection
Unified
MeetingPlace/
MeetingPlace
Express
Cisco Unified
Presence
WLAN
AP
GSM/
Mobile Network
Campus MobilityDual-Mode Phones
1. When on the WLAN, the mobile phone uses SCCP Cisco client to register with the Unified CM as a
phone
2. When the WLAN is unavailable, the mobile phone uses PSTN/GSM for calls
3. Nokia E51, E60 & E61 with PR3 Firmware, E61i, and E65
Cisco Networkers
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IP Phone
Shared
Line
DN: 408 555-1234
(Partition/Calling Search Space)
RD Profile Level Configuration:
Device Pool
Rerouting Calling Search Space
User/Network Hold Audio Source
Device Level Configuration:
Device Pool
Common Device Configuration
User/Network Hold Audio Source
408 555-7890 408 555-6789
Remote Destination #1 Remote Destination #2
XXX XXX-XXXX
Remote Destination N
Remote Destination Profile

Line Level
Configuration
Configuration per Remote
Destination basis:
DN: 408 555-1234
(Partition/Calling Search Space)
Call Routing and
MoH Behavior for
Remote Destination
Devices
Virtual Phone
Call Routing and
MoH Behavior for
IP Phone
Timers (Answer Too Soon/Late
and Delay Before Ringing)
Allowed/Blocked Access Lists
Line Level
Configuration
One RD Profile per
Mobility User
Unified MobilityConfiguration and Call Routing Concept
Cisco Networkers
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290
Enterprise
PSTN
1
Dials: 1 408 555-1234
Call Rings
Remote Destination
408 555-7890
6
408 555-7890
Cisco Unified
CM Cluster
5
Call to Remote
Destination
408 555-7890
Routed via
Gateway
DN: 408 555-1234
Remote
Destination
Profile
DN: 408 555-1234
Call Extended
to Desk Phone
2
3
Call Extended to
Remote Destination
Profile
Shared Line
PSTN
Gateway
Phone A
Remote
Destination:
408 555-7890
Call Placed to
Associated Remote
Destination
408 555-7890
4
Call to mobile users Enterprise directory number rings at desk phone
and Remote Destination phone:
Call can be answered at either phone
Once answered all other call legs are cleared
Mobile Users
Enterprise DN
Note: No Changes Are Required on
Mobility Users Remote Destination Phone
Unified MobilityMobile Connect
Cisco Networkers
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MobileConnect On
jsmith
5551234
PSTN
408 555-7890
DN: 408 555-1234
PSTN
Gateway
1
Mobile Connect
Call Answered
and in Progress
at Desk Phone
Phone A
Enterprise
3
Call Rings Remote Phone;
Once Answered, Call
Continues Uninterrupted
Between Caller and
Remote Phone
User Presses Mobility
Softkey and then
Select Softkey to
Pickup on Remote
Destination Phone
2
PSTN
408 555-7890
3
Call Continues
Uninterrupted
Between Caller
and Desk Phone
DN: 408 555-1234
PSTN
Gateway
1
Mobile Connect
Call Answered and
in Progress at
Remote Destination
Phone A
Enterprise
Upon Remote Destination
Hang Up (or Mid-Call Hold)
User Can Pickup at
Desk Phone by Pressing
the Resume Softkey
2
Remote
Destination
Pickup
Desk Pone
Pickup
1. Remote Destination Pickup: Mobile user
can pickup in-progress desk phone call
at Remote Destination phone
2. Desk Phone Pickup: Mobile user can
pickup in-progress remote phone call at
desk phone
Once Mobile Connect call
is in progress there are
two types of pickup:
Unified MobilityRemote Destination and Desk Phone Pickup
Cisco Networkers
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Mobility user can
use communications
infrastructure to make
Enterprise calls from
their remote destination phone
Call made to Enterprise Mobile Voice Access number
User follows IVR prompts and enters information to make call
User can also disable and enable Mobile Connect on a per remote destination basis
Enterprise
PSTN
1
Dials: 1 408 555-2345
408 555-7890
Cisco Unified
CM Cluster
2
User Enters ID, PIN#,
and Navigates Menus
via Keypad; Enters 1
to Make Call and then
Enters 9 1 972 555 3456
DN: 408 555-1234
DN: 408 555-1234
Shared Line
H.323 VXML
PSTN
Gateway
6
Call Rings
PSTN Number
972 555-3456 972 555-3456
Mobile Voice Access
DID: 408 555-2345
Unified CM Sends
IVR Prompts to VXML
H.323 Gateway and
Gateway Collects and
Forwards User Input
3
4
Call Originated
via Users Remote
Destination Profile
Call to PSTN Number
972 555-3456 Routed
via Gateway
5
Remote
Destination
Profile
Unified MobilityMobile Voice Access
Cisco Networkers
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Enterprise
PSTN
408 555-7890
Cisco Unified
CM Cluster
DN: 408 555-1234 DN: 408 555-1234
Remote Destination Phone
Invokes Mid-Call Features
by Sending DTMF Digits to
Unified CM
2
3
MoH Is Forwarded from
Unified CM to Phone A
When Mid-Call Hold,
Transfer, and Conference
features Are Invoked
Shared Line
PSTN
Gateway
Phone A
Remote
Destination:
408 555-7890
Remote
Destination
Profile
In-Progress
MobileConnect
Call Between
Remote
Destination
408 555-7890
and Phone A
1
DN: 408 555-2345
Mid-call features like Hold, Transfer, and Conference can be invoked via Smart Phone softkeys or manual key presses
DTMF tones are sent from the Remote Destination phone to the Unified CM via the Enterprise PSTN gateway
Once a Mobile Connect
or Mobile Voice Access call is in-
progress at mobile users Remote
Destination phone:
In-Progress Call Can be
Transferred to Another
Phone or Additional Phones
Can be Conferenced in
4
Unified MobilityMid-Call Features
Cisco Networkers
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Enterprise
PSTN
Once Call Is Connected
Remote Destination
Phone Sends DTMF
Digits to Unified CM:
<PIN_number> # 1 # 9 1
972 555 3456
2
408 555-7890
Cisco Unified
CM Cluster
DN: 408 555-1234 DN: 408 555-1234
Remote Destination Phone
Invokes Two-Stage Dialing
by Dialing Pre-Configured
Enterprise Feature
Access DID 408 555-2345
1
5
Call Rings
PSTN Number
972 555-3456
Shared Line
PSTN
Gateway
Remote
Destination:
408 555-7890
Remote
Destination
Profile
972 555-3456
Enterprise
Feature
Access DID:
408 555-2345
3
Call Originated
via Users Remote
Destination Profile
4
Call to PSTN Number
972 555-3456 Routed
via Gateway
Two-Stage Dialing
provides identical
functionality to
Mobile Voice
Access but
without the IVR
Call made to Enterprise Feature Access number
User presses Smart Phone softkeys or manually keys digits (sent via DTMF) to make call
User can also disable and enable Mobile Connect on a per remote destination basis
Unified MobilityTwo-Stage Dialing
Cisco Networkers
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Enterprise
Cisco Unified
CM Cluster
DMZ
CUMA
Proxy
Cisco Unified
Mobility Advantage
CUMA
Enterprise
Internet
SSL over
TCP/IP SSL over
TCP/IP
LDAP
Exchange
Cisco
Unity
Active
Directory
JTAPI
WebDAV
Cisco Unified
Mobile Communicator
PSTN
MeetingPlace
Express
CUMC Smart Client Provides Access to
Many Enterprise Applications:
Conferencing, Presence, and Voicemail
Cisco Unified Mobile CommunicatorArchitecture
1. Takes advantage of Unified Mobility (Mobile Connect, etc.) to provide Enterprise features
2. Data from mobile phone backhauled over SSL TCP/IP to CUMA server in Enterprise (requires mobile data plan)
3. Various handsets and mobile operating systems supported Phones: Nokia and Blackberry on Symbian and RIM
Operating Systems
PSTN
Gateway
Cisco Unified Mobile Communicator Is a Mobility
Solution that Allows Mobile Users to Experience
Enterprise Telephony on Their Mobile Phones
Using a Smart Phone Client
Cisco Networkers
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Unified Mobility
Mid-Call Features Key Sequences
Function
Enterprise
Feature
Access Codes
Manual Key Sequence
Smart
Phone
Feature
Smart Phone
Key Sequence
Notes
Hold *81 *81
Enterprise
Hold
Enterprise Hold
Exclusive
Hold
*82 *82 N/A
This is the type of Hold invoked
automatically for Smart Phone
Enterprise Transfer and
Enterprise Conference features
Note: Used to prevent desk
phone from resuming
Resume *83
1. Enter *82 (Exclusive Hold)
2. New call to Enterprise
Feature Access DID
3. On connect, enter:
<PIN number> # *84 #
<Transfer_Target/DN> #
4. Upon answer by transfer
target (for consultive
transfer) or upon ring back
(for early attended transfer),
enter: *84
Enterprise
Transfer
1. Press: Enterprise Hold
2. Enter:
<Transfer_Target/DN>
3. Upon answer by
transfer target (for
consultive transfer) or
upon ring back (for
early attended
transfer), press:
Enterprise Hold
Smart Phone automatically
does the following once transfer
target/DN is entered:
1. Makes new call to
preconfigured Enterprise
Feature Access DID
2. Upon answer, sends
preconfigured PIN number,
followed by *84, followed by
transfer target/DN
Conference *85
1. Enter *82 (Exclusive Hold)
2. New call to Enterprise
Feature Access DID
3. On connect, enter:
<PIN number> # *85 #
<Conference_Target/DN> #
4. Upon answer by conference
target, enter: *85
Enterprise
Conference
1. Press: Enterprise
Conference
2. Enter:
<Transfer_Target/DN>
3. Upon answer by
conference target,
press: Enterprise
Conference
Smart Phone automatically does
the following once conference
target/DN is entered:
1. Makes new call to
preconfigured Enterprise
Feature Access DID
2. Upon answer, sends
preconfigured PIN number,
followed by *85, followed by
conference target/DN
Cisco Networkers
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7.0 for Mobility?
1.Unified Mobility
Directed call park mid-call feature
Mobility softkey to on/off
Time of day access lists
2.Dual Mode
Support for Nokia E71 and E66
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7.0 for Mobility? (cont)
1. Cisco Unified Mobile Communicator
ASA TLS Proxy replaces CUMA Proxy server
Dial-via-Office (call back and directed)
Cisco Unified Presence integration
Platform changes:
CUMA Enterprise server supported on 7845 and 7825
Windows Mobile 6.0 support for CUMC
UC Application integration changes:
Support for IMAP integration with Unity and both Integrated and
Unified Messaging mode
Add support for Unity Connection and IMAP integration
Support for Secure Messaging with Unity and Unity Connection
Cisco Networkers
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299
The Elements of
Media
Resources
UC
Processing
Agents
Gateway/
Survivable
Remote
PSTN/IP
Gateway
UC
Endpoints
Comms
Endpoints
PSTN
WAN
Aggregation
Router
Branch
Router
Distribution/
Core Switch
Campus
Branch
IP WAN
Access
Switch
Access
Switch
Conf
Voice Mail/
Unified
Messaging
Web /Audio/
Video
Conferencing
XML
Phone
Services
LDAP
Directory
GK GK
MTP MTP
Xcode Xcode
Conf Conf
Si Si Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si Si Si
UC
Applications
UC Infrastructure
Cisco Networkers
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Agenda
Introduction
Cisco Networkers
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301
Media
Resources
UC
Processing
Agents
Gateway/
Survivable
Remote
PSTN/IP
Gateway
UC
Endpoints
Comms
Endpoints
PSTN
WAN
Aggregation
Router
Branch
Router
Distribution/
Core Switch
Campus
Branch
IP WAN
Access
Switch
Access
Switch
What We Have Built So Far
Conf
Voice Mail/
Unified
Messaging
Web /Audio/
Video
Conferencing
XML
Phone
Services
LDAP
Directory
GK GK
MTP MTP
Xcode Xcode
Conf Conf
Si Si Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si Si Si
UC
Applications
UC Infrastructure
Cisco Networkers
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Security and Management Agenda
1.Security
Infrastructure Security
Server Security
IP Phone Security
Application Security (Toll Fraud, etc.)
2.Management
Cisco Networkers
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303
Secure UC Networks
PSTN
VoIP SP
IP WAN
V V
V V
VSEC Router
(Cisco IOS Firewall
+ Voice Gateway)
Campus Security
Features
Phone
Security
Features
Soft Phone
with
CSA/NAC
Agent
Applications (VMail,
Contact Centre, Unified
MeetingPlace) with
Cisco Security Agent
Cisco ASA with IPS
(TLS Proxy/Phone Proxy)
Unified CM Cluster with
Cisco Security Agent
SIP Trunk
SBC Demarcation
Cisco ISR with
Cisco IOS Firewall
and IPS Module
Cisco Networkers
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The Secure Network Is the System
IP
Cisco Unified
CM Server
Cluster
The Network
Routers/Gateways
Ethernet Switches
and IP Phones
Application Servers
Cisco Networkers
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Infrastructure Hardening
1. Enable BPDU or Root Guard
Prevents rogue switches on the network that
attempts to become Spanning Tree root thereby
causing STP re-convergence events and
potentially interrupting network traffic flows
2. Basic Access Control Lists (ACLs)
ACLs restrict traffic that attempts to access the
voice network from unauthorized sources
3. No Static 802.1q Trunks
The access switch negotiates a trunk through
Cisco Discovery Protocol when a Cisco ip phone
is detected. Static trunks can be a security risk
for rogue endpoints that want access to the
voice vlan
4. Separate Voice and Data VLANs
Provides a logical separation between voice
and data making them easier to secure
5. Cisco Smart Ports (Auto QoS)
Makes implementing basic QoS and security
easier with Cisco infrastructure; default policy
for voice vlan restricts bandwidth to 128k with
rate limiting
Data Center
WAN
Internet
Si Si Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
High
Intermediate
Base
Cisco Networkers
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1. User-Based Rate-Limiting
Mitigates the impact of worms/viruses that attempt
to starve network resources
2. Dynamic Port Security
Limits the number of MAC addresses on each
access port; Helps mitigate MAC flooding attacks
by limiting the number of allowed MAC addresses
per port
3. DHCP Snooping
Filters un-trusted DHCP messages by building and
maintaining a DHCP snooping binding database;
Prevents rogue DHCP servers from sniffing
conversations with a man-in-the-middle attack
4. Dynamic ARP Inspection
It intercepts, logs, and discards ARP packets with
invalid IP-to-MAC address bindings; protects the
network from man-in-the-middle attacks
5. IP Source Guard
Restricts IP traffic on non-routed, Layer 2
interfaces by filtering traffic based on the DHCP
snooping binding database; Prevents traffic attacks
caused when a host tries to use the IP address of
its neighbor
Data Center
WAN
Internet
Si Si Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
High
Base
Intermediate
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
307
1. Advanced QoS (Scavenger
Class, etc.)
2. Control Plane Policing
3. Secure Services (Cisco ACS
authentication/ authorization,
SSH, etc.)
4. Out-of-Band Management
5. Secured Signaling and RTP
Data Center
WAN
Internet
Si Si Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Si Si
Intermediate
Base
High
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
308
Server Hardening
1.Cisco Security Agent (CSA)
Cisco Security Agent mitigates virus/worm attacks on Cisco Unified CM
servers; Cisco security experts build and update the CSA policy
2.Cisco Patches
Cisco releases patches on a regular basis that are fully tested with our
voice applications; do not install patches from OS vendors
http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/Software/Newsbuilder/Builder/VOICE.cgi
3.Multi-Level Administration (MLA)
Provides multiple levels of security to Unified CM Administration;
allows users to configure specific components of Cisco Unified CM
without access to the rest of the system
4.Move DHCP Server Closer to Endpoints
5.Comparison of Windows vs. Appliance
High
Intermediate
Base
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
309
IP Phone Hardening
1.Signed Firmware Images
Phones will not load firmware images that are unsigned or signed
incorrectly; image authentication prevents tampering with the binary
image prior to it being loaded into the phone; default in Unified CM
2.Signed Configuration Files
TFTP configuration files are securely signed; signed configuration files
maintain the integrity of the device configuration as it traverses the
network; default in Unified CM
3.Disable Gratuitous ARP
Disabling GARP helps prevent some man-in-the-middle
attacks which can allow attackers to listen to conversations
4.Disable PC Voice VLAN Access
Phone conversations cannot be sniffed
from PC port
High
Intermediate
Base
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
310
Phone Hardening
1.TLS (SSL v3) Encryption
for Signaling
2.Effective against
identity hijacking
3. Secure Real Time
Protocol
Encryption for Media
4.Effective against
eavesdropping
5.128 bit AES
6.Privacy Indicator
This Icon
Represents an
Authenticated Call
This Icon
Represents an
Authenticated Call
This Icon Shows
that SCCP Signaling
Is Authenticated
and Encrypted
This Icon Shows
that SCCP Signaling
Is Authenticated
and Encrypted
Intermediate
Base
High
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
311
Session Border Controllers
1. Cisco Unified Border Element (CUBE) functions:
Address Hiding: B2BUA
Aggregation of Unified CM Trunks so that a single Trunk is presented to an SP
Protocol Verification/Modification, e.g. SIP Delayed Offer to Early Offer
Protocol Conversion: H.323SIP
DTMF Translation: RFC-2833InbandOut of Band
2. An SBC should be deployed for any IP PSTN connection
IP WAN
CUBE
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
312
SecurityCisco IOS and ASA Firewalls
1. It is arguable that any IP WAN deployment requires both an SBC and Firewall
2. Firewalls provide:
Protection against attacks targeted at the SBCif the SBC is terminating the connection but is
vulnerable to a malformed packets the system could be DoS'd; the Firewall, as a transparent
proxy can simply filter out these packets
Firewalls are evolving into multi-function appliances that can terminate a range of remote access
encryption optionsASA can provide Phone Proxy, SSL for Softphones, CUMC termination for
mobile devices as well as integration for 3
rd
party devices like Apple iPhones
Firewalls can apply policy to more than just data, including filtering IM and presence information
as well as data applications like HTTP based apps; this will be more important as voice evolves
into UC
3. Firewalls are available as standalone devices (ASA) or as a component of
Cisco IOS
IP WAN
CUBE and
Cisco IOS F/W
ASA
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
313
Local PSTN
International,
Premium
Local PSTN
International,
Premium
Local
International,
Premium
Intl
Toll Fraud 3:
Social Engineering
Please Transfer Me
to Extension 9011
Toll Fraud 1:
Transfer from Voicemail
Voicemail,
Transfer Me to
9011xxxxxxxxx
Toll Fraud 2:
Call Forward All
Call Me at My Work
Number While Im
on Vacation!
F
o
r
w
a
r
d

A
l
l
Toll Fraud 4:
Inside Facilitators
Ill
Transfer
You!
Local
Exploits of Toll Fraud
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
314
Toll Fraud Protection
1.Class of Service (CoS)
Calling Search Spaces and Partitions are the mechanism to
implement COR in Cisco Unified CM thus restricting certain
users/devices to disallow transferring to Long distance or
international destinations
2.Trunk-to-Trunk Transfer Restrictions
Prevents users from transferring calls from one external device
to another external device; service parameter within Unified CM
3.Drop Conference Call Control
Conference calls can be dropped when initiator hangs up;
mitigates the ability for insiders to circumvent LD restrictions
for external callers; service parameter within Unified CM
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
315
Cisco Unified CM
Hardened OS
Minimize Win2K
services
IPSec filters
HIPS/antivirus
Allow only call
control, LDAP,
management
Control source
addresses
Outside World
Endpoints
Separate voice
and data VLANS
Disable GARP
and voice VLAN
on PC port
Authentication
and Encryption
Campus Network
Toll fraud
Transfer to
outside line
Access to pay-
per-call services
Internet IP WAN PSTN
Voice over I-Net
using V3PN
Cisco IOS DoS tools
Network IDS
Cisco SecurityBuilt in Layers
High availability
Layer 2/3 security
IP filters between
voice and data
Policers
Avoid NAT
Secure access
(OOB, TACACS+,
SSH, permit lists)
Firewall or ACLs
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
316
Unified Communications Security
1.BRKUCT-2004 IP Communications Security:
Threats and Mitigation Techniques
For More Information, Check out the Following
Breakout Sessions:
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
317
Security and Management Agenda
1.Security
2.Management
Real Time Monitoring Tool
Cisco Unified Provisioning Manager
Cisco Unified Operations Manager
Cisco Unified Service Monitor
Cisco Unified Service Statistics Manager
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
318
Cisco Unified Communications Manager -
Real Time Monitoring Tool (RTMT)
1. Windows and Linux Client
2. Integrated Trace and
Syslog Viewer
3. HTTPS Support
4. OS monitoring
5. Unified CM Pre-canned
DB Activity
6. SIP Phone/Protocol Activity
7. Removed Directory
Monitoring in Unified CM 5.0
8. Server-based Perfmon
Collection (AMC)
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
319
Provisioning Manager
Simplifies Deployment and
Configuration
Service Statistics Manager
Historical Voice Reporting, Capacity
Planning and Trending
Operations Manager
Continuous Monitoring and
Fault Management
Service Monitor
Real Time Voice Quality
Monitoring and Alerting
Cisco Unified Communications Management Suite
An Integrated Management Suite
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
320
Cisco Unified Provisioning Manager
1. Provision Users and their
services through one
single interface
2. Handles both Day 1 and
Day 2 tasks:
Day 1: Initial deployment streamlined
via templates, bulk import and policies
Day 2: Intuitive GUI makes daily
MACs simple
3. Policy-based: Define rules and
workflow which matches your
business processes
4. Permissions enable control of
access and delegation of tasks
5. Auditing and tracking of all
changes ensures adherence
to policies
Simplifying Deployment and Ongoing Administration
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
321
Cisco Unified Operations Manager
1. Real-time monitoring across every UC
device, endpoint and link
2. Graphical views and drill down make
it easy to rapidly isolate faults in
the network
3. Notification to email, pager and
SMS ensures your network can be
monitored 24 x 7
4. Filters and thresholds can be set so
you get notified only for events critical
to your business
5. Contextual performance monitoring,
alerting and reporting
6. Phone and traffic diagnostic tests
provide SLA what ifs and phone
feature tests
Proactive Network and Fault Management
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
322
Cisco Unified Service Monitor
Voice Quality Alerting and Reporting
1. Comprehensive voice quality
measurements, reporting
and alerting
2. Configurable thresholds for
alerting and reports based on
MOS, codec, end points, phone
type and sensors
3. Out-of-the-box reports including
poorest quality calls and most
impacted end points
4. Call quality metrics integrated
with Operations Manager for
alerts and Statistic Manager
for trending and planning
5. Phone based (SW only)
and sensor based quality
monitoring options
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
323
Cisco Unified Service Statistics Manager
1. Historical reporting, trending and analysis
for any voice metric including:
Trunk utilization
Feature usage
Call volume
Service availability
Service quality
2. Out-of-the box reports for the most
common needs such as executive
operations and capacity planning
3. Ability to customize reports based
on user needs
4. Reports across overall deployment, across
selected clusters, or user- defined groups
of phones, locations, etc.
5. Enables SLA creation, measurement and
verification based on Unified
Communications metrics
6. Enables export of data and reports to
external applications
Voice Statistics Analysis and Reporting
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
324
PSTN/PTT
Unified CM Express
Cisco Unity Express
Unified CM
Cisco Unity
Cisco 1040
Operations
Manager
Service Monitor
Cisco 1040
Unified CM Express
Cisco Unity Express
Cisco 1040
Network Management
Large Enterprise Deployment Example
Sensors
Monitor RTP
Streams and
Sends MOS
Scores to SM
SM Stores and
Evaluates MOS
Scores and Sends
SNMP Traps
When Threshold
Is Crossed
OM Presents Alert
Information and
Diagnosis Options
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
325
Q and A
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
326
Recommended Reading
1.Unified Communications SRND
http://www.cisco.com/go/srnd
2.Cisco Press Book
Cisco IP Telephony: Planning,
Design, Implementation, Operation,
and Optimization
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
327
Complete Your
Session Evaluation
1. Give us your feedback; Win a Cisco
Press book!
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
328
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
329
Appendix
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
330
Classification and Marking
Application
L3 Classification
DSCP PHB IPP CoS
Transactional Data
18 AF21 2 2
Call Signaling 24 CS3* 3 3
Streaming Video 32 CS4 4 4
Video Conferencing 34 AF41 4 4
Voice 46 EF 5 5
Network Management 16 CS2 2 2
L2
Bulk Data 10 AF11 1 1
Scavenger 8 CS1 1 1
Best Effort 0 0 0 0
Routing 48 CS6 6 6
Mission-Critical Data 26 AF31* 3 3
Cisco Marking Recommendations
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
331
Classification and Marking
RFC-4594 Marking Recommendations
See Notes for comparison of Cisco QoS Marking and RFC-4594 Recommendations
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
332
Enabling QoS in the WAN Bandwidth
Provisioning for Voice-Bearer Traffic
iLBC and SRTP Bandwidth Calculations
CODEC
Sampling
Rate
Voice
Payload
in Bytes
Packets
per Second
Bandwidth per
Conversation
G.711/G.722-64k 20 ms 160 50 80.0 kbps
G.711/G.722-64k (SRTP) 20 ms 164 50 81.6 kbps
G.711/G.722-64k 30 ms 240 33.3 74.7 kbps
G.711/G.722-64k (SRTP) 30 ms 244 33.3 75.8 kbps
iLBC 20 ms 38 50 31.2 kbps
iLBC (SRTP) 20 ms 42 50 32.8 kbps
iLBC 30 ms 50 33.3 24.0 kbps
iLBC (SRTP) 30 ms 54 33.3 25.1 kbps
G.729A 20 ms 20 50 24.0 kbps
G.729A (SRTP) 20 ms 24 50 25.6 kbps
G.729A 30 ms 30 33.3 18.7 kbps
G.729A (SRTP) 30 ms 34 33.3 19.8 kbps
Cisco Networkers
Colombia 2008
333
Enabling QoS in the WAN Bandwidth
Provisioning for Voice-Bearer Traffic (Cont.)
iLBC and SRTP Bandwidth Consumption with Layer 2
Headers Included
CODEC
Header Type and Size
Ethernet PPP ATM F/R MLPPP MPLS WLAN
14 Bytes 6 Bytes 53-Byte 4 Bytes 10 Bytes 4 Bytes 24 Bytes
G.711/G.722-64k at 50.0 pps 85.6 kbps 82.4 kbps 106.0 kbps 81.6 kbps 84.0 kbps 81.6 kbps 89.6 kbps
G.711/G.722-64k (SRTP)
at 50.0 pps
87.2 kbps 84.0 kbps 106.0 kbps 83.2 kbps 85.6 kbps 83.2 kbps 91.2 kbps
G.711/G.722-64k at 33.3 pps 78.4 kbps 76.3 kbps 84.8 kbps 75.7 kbps 77.3 kbps 75.7 kbps 81.0 kbps
G.711/G.722-64k (SRTP)
at 33.3 pps
79.5 kbps 77.4 kbps 84.8 kbps 76.8 kbps 78.4 kbps 76.8 kbps 82.1 kbps
iLBC at 50.0 pps 36.8 kbps 33.6 kbps 42.4 kbps 32.8 kbps 35.2 kbps 32.8 kbps 40.8 kbps
iLBC (SRTP) at 50.0 pps 38.4 kbps 35.2 kbps 42.4 kbps 34.4 kbps 36.8 kbps 34.4 kbps 42.4 kbps
iLBC at 33.3 pps 27.7 kbps 25.6 kbps 28.3 kbps 25.0 kbps 26.6 kbps 25.0 kbps 30.4 kbps
iLBC (SRTP) at 33.3 pps 28.8 kbps 26.6 kbps 42.4 kbps 26.1 kbps 27.7 kbps 26.1 kbps 31.5 kbps
G.729A at 50.0 pps 29.6 kbps 26.4 kbps 42.4 kbps 25.6 kbps 28.0 kbps 25.6 kbps 33.6 kbps
G.729A (SRTP) at 50.0 pps 31.2 kbps 28.0 kbps 42.4 kbps 27.2 kbps 29.6 kbps 27.2 kbps 35.2 kbps
G.729A at 33.3 pps 22.4 kbps 20.3 kbps 28.3 kbps 19.7 kbps 21.3 kbps 19.8 kbps 25.1 kbps
G.729A (SRTP) at 33.3 pps 23.5 kbps 21.4 kbps 28.3 kbps 20.8 kbps 22.4 kbps 20.8 kbps 26.2 kbps

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