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Difference Between Hot- & Cold-Rolled Steel | eHow

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Difference Between Hot- & Cold-Rolled

Steel

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By Glenna H. Fisher, eHow Contributor

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Hot rolled and cold rolled steel differ in three major aspects: rolling temperature, thickness and
physical properties. Coil or sheet steel is initially hot reduced from slabs, either to a finished
product or to produce strip steel for further processing. Cold rolled steel begins with a hot rolled
strip product that, through the rolling process, is further reduced in thickness, a process that also
changes the physical properties (primarily the crystalline structure) of the product.
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The Disadvantages of Cold Rolled Steel

The Differences Between Cold & Hot

Rolled Steel Rods

Rolling Temperatures
Hot-rolling requires temperatures of 1,652 degrees to 2,012 degrees Fahrenheit (900 to 1,100
degrees Celsius), while cold-rolled steel is rolled at room temperature.
Steel coming off the finishing stand at the hot mill is cooled by water spray and coiled at
temperatures of 932 degrees Fahrenheit (500 degrees Celsius) and 1,400 degrees Fahrenheit
(760 degrees Celsius). The hot-rolled steel is then cooled to room temperature. Once at
ambient temperature, the steel can be cold reduced or cold rolled.

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Hot Rolled Steel Vs.
Cold Rolled Steel

Product Thicknesses
Typically, hot rolling begins with a standard 10-inch (250 mm) thick slab,
either directly from a continuous caster or reheated to the desired
temperature. The steel moves through a series of mill stands that reduce the
slab to a hot roll strip with thicknesses ranging from 0.071 inches (1.80 mm)
to 0.350 inches (8.89 mm).

Hot Rolled Steel Uses

Cold rolling through a second series of mills further reduces the hot rolled steel to a cold
rolled product with a thickness range from .0126 inches (.32 mm) to .157 inches (3.99 mm).

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Physical Properties

How to Identify Cold

Rolled Steel

Steel's physical structure varies by product; heating and cooling change the
molecular structure of the metal. Steel coming off the hot mill will be softer
and more ductile than material further processed through a cold mill.
Ductility, measured by elongation testing, determines the amount of material
deformation that occurs before the material fractures. Elongation (in 2
inches) for hot rolled is from 39 to 43 percent, while cold rolled ranges from 40 to 46 percent.

The Advantages of Cold

Rolled Steel

Other Differences
Because it is softer, hot rolled steel forms easily, while cold rolled has superior drawing
quality. Cold rolled's tighter tolerances make it a better choice for highly engineered end uses.
The blue-gray oxide that forms the finish on hot rolled is unsuitable for painting without
further processing and surface preparation, while cold rolled's smooth gray finish is ready to
paint.
Each product can be produced with a variety of chemical and physical characteristics to meet
specific applications.

Differences Between
Cold Rolled & Hot
Rolled Steel

Properties of Cold
Rolled Steel 1144

Applications
Hot-rolled steel is used in construction, industrial machinery, and
shipbuilding as well as for unexposed automotive and appliance parts such as
frames, brackets, wheels and clutch plates. Hot-rolled steel is a suitable
product where thickness, strength and formability are important.
Cold-rolled applications include refrigerators, stoves, washers, dryers and
small appliances as well as a wide variety of exposed automotive parts. Cold-rolled
applications often require tight tolerances and a smooth, paintable surface.

Steel Rolling Mill

Technology

What Is Cold Rolled

Steel?

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References
American Iron and Steel Institute: Steel Glossary
AK Steel: Carbon Steels
NDT Resource Center: Tensile Properties

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