E-CONTENT MODULE

E-content writer : Athira T.

E-content reviewer : Rohini V.K.
Subject: Mathematics.
Standard: VIII
Topic: Area of Quadrilaterals
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Objectives
To make learning more effective.
To make learning more interesting.
To make monitoring of students easer.
To enable the students to understand the uses of area of
quadrilaterals.
Subject mapping
Quadrilaterals

Parallelogram Rhombus Trapezium

bh

d
1
d
2

(a+b)h

Summary.
This text deals with quadrilaterals, different types quadrilaterals and
area of quadrilaterals. It includes definitions, derivations of formula for
area and problems
Text
Quadrilaterals
One day, teacher asked Appu, What are the different types of
geometrical shapes you can see in your class?
Write down Appus possible answer in the box.




Of this, which of them are four sided?

Do they have a common name in geometry?



Which are the quadrilaterals you know?

Quadrilaterals are four sided closed figures.
Parallelogram
A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with opposite sides equal and
parallel.



Area of a parallelogram
How do we find the area of a parallelogram?



Divide the parallelogram into two triangles by drawing a diagonal.



Now the area of the parallelogram becomes the sum of the areas of
two triangles.



Here area of one triangle =

bh
Hence area of parallelogram = 2 x area of triangle
= 2 x

b h
= bh.
The area of a parallelogram is the product of the length of one side and
the distance to the opposite side.

Find the area of the parallelogram with length 20 centimeters and
height 10 centimeters.
Here the length and height are given as 20 centimeter and
10centimeter.
Therefore, the area= 20x10.
= 200 sq.cm.
Let us try ourselves

One side of a parallelogram is 30centimeter and the height
is given by 20centimeter, what is the area?
The two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 16 and24
centimeters long. The height from the longer side is
15centimeter .What is the height from the shorter side?


The area of a parallelogram is the product of the length of one side
and the distance to the opposite side.
Rhombus






In a rhombus, the diagonals are perpendicular bisectors of each other.
So these diagonals divide the rhombus into four right angled triangle
and they are all congruent.
Area of a rhombus
If d
1
, d
2
are the lengths of diagonals, then the area of one triangle is

So area of rhombus

A rhombus is a parallelogram with all sides equal.
The area of a rhombus is half the product of its diagonals.
For example, let the lengths of diagonals of a rhombus be
8 centimeter and 10 centimeter respectively. Find the area of the
rhombus.
Area of the rhombus =

= 40sq.cm.
Now try to find out the area of rhombus having diagonals of following
lengths.
12cm, 8cm
7cm, 10cm
20cm, 15cm

Trapezium

A trapezium can be divided into a parallelogram and a triangle by
drawing a suitable line.





A quadrilateral with only one pair of opposite sides parallel.
Area of a trapezium
We have seen that a trapezium can be divided into a parallelogram and
a triangle. Then the area of the trapezium can be found by adding the
areas of these parallelogram and triangle.




The top side of the parallelogram is the top side of the trapezium itself.
Let a be its length. Then the length of bottom side is also a. Let h be
the height of the parallelogram.




A
Then area of parallelogram is..
Now look at the triangle. If b is the length of the bottom side of the
trapezium, then the length of the bottom side of the triangle is b-a.
What is the height from this side?
The distance h between the parallel sides
h



a b-a

Area of the triangle =
Hence, area of trapezium area of parallelogram +area of triangle

( )

( )



Find the area of the trapezium in which the lengths of the parallel sides
are 7 centimeter and 5 centimeter and the height between them is 9
centimeter.
Area of the trapezium

( )

h
The sum of the area of a trapezium is half the product of the sum of
its parallel sides and the distance between them.
Try yourself.
The lengths of parallel sides of a trapezium are 10 centimeter and
8 centimeter and the distance between them is 12 centimeter.
Find its area.
The lengths of parallel sides of a trapezium are 5centimeter and 9
centimeter. Its area is 105sq.cm. Find its height.
The area of a trapezium is 220sq.cm. and the lengths of parallel
sides are 10centimeter and 12 centimeter respectively. Find the
distance between them.

Frequently Asked Questions
1. The area of a parallelogram whose base length is b and height h
is------------
(

)

2. The height of the parallelogram whose area is 40sq.cm. and
length of one side is 5 centimeter is..
( )

3. The area of a rhombus in which the lengths of the parallel sides
are a and b and height h is given by..
(

( )

)

4. The area of a trapezium in which the lengths of the parallel sides
are a and b and height h is given by.
(

( )

( ))

5. The area of a trapezium is 300sq.cm. The lengths of the parallel
sides are 18 centimeter and 12 centimeter respectively and its
height is
( )

Videos
Serial
No.
Description Videos Source
1 Area of
parallelogram
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v
=qnHuz3aDTP0
Internet
2 Area of
rhombus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v
=3FManXv4mZM
Internet
3 Area of
trapezium
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v
=t1Vv_D3F42c
Internet

Assignment
1. The sides of a parallelogram are 25 centimeter and 15 centimeter.
The height to the 25 centimeter side is 15 centimeter. What is the
specialty of this parallelogram?
2. The lengths of diagonals of a rhombus are equal. If the area of the
rhombus is 32sq.cm, find the length of its diagonals.
3. Find the area of the trapezium given below:

4 cm



12 cm


Reference
Text book of Standard VIII (Part-II)
Internet

Glossary
Area : surface measure
Congruency : the property of having same shape and size
(Symbol)
Diagonal : the line joining the opposite corners of a
polygon
Height : distance between opposite sides
Parallelogram : a quadrilateral with opposite sides equal and
parallel.
Quadrilateral : a closed figure having four sides.
Rhombus : parallelogram with all sides equal.
Trapezium : a quadrilateral with only one pair of opposite
sides parallel.
Triangle : a closed figure with three sides.





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