Thermal storage system in solar houses: Review of the American Solar Decathlon 2002-09

Rodrguez Ubias, Edwin Cronemberger, Joara Neila Gonzlez, Javier Vega Snchez, Sergio
TECHNICAL WORKSHOP ON TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED
IN THE FIELD OF THE SDEUROPE COMPETITION
LISBON, PORTUGAL
Thermal storage system in solar houses
Review of the American Solar Decathlon 2002 - 2009
NOVEMBER 9, 2010
Rodrguez Ubias, Edwin Cronemberger, J oara Neila Gonzlez, J avier Vega Snchez, Sergio Technical University of Madrid
Thermal storage system in solar houses: Review of the American Solar Decathlon 2002-09
Rodrguez Ubias, Edwin Cronemberger, Joara Neila Gonzlez, Javier Vega Snchez, Sergio
CONTENTS
Introduction
Sensible Heat Thermal Storage Systems
Latent Heat Storage and Phase Change Materials
Latent Heat Thermal Storage Systems
Conclusions
Solar energy has an enormous potential for the heating and cooling of buildings.
However, solar energy is intermittent, unpredictable, and available only during the day.
Hence, its application requires efficient thermal energy storage so that the surplus heat
collected during sunshine hours may be stored for later use during the night.
Thermal storage system in solar houses: Review of the American Solar Decathlon 2002-09
Rodrguez Ubias, Edwin Cronemberger, Joara Neila Gonzlez, Javier Vega Snchez, Sergio
Sensible Heat Thermal Storage Systems
CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB
SD2009 Virginia Tech
Concrete Slab
WATER IN THE FLOOR WATER IN OPAQUE WALL
SD Team Description Location
2002 University of Virginia Concrete slab Floor
2002 University of Maryland Poured concrete slab Floor
2002 Virginia Tech Concrete slab Floor
2002 University of MissouriRolla Concrete slab Floor
2002 University of North Carolina Concrete slab Floor
2005 Cornell University Concrete pavers Floor
2005 University of Maryland Concrete slab Floor
2005 Pittsburgh Synergy
(1)
Concrete slab Floor
2007 University of Maryland Dense fiberboard floor Floor
2009 Iowa State University Ceramic tiles + cement
boards
Floor
2009 Virginia Tech Concrete slab Floor
SD2007 Penn State
Water on glass bottles
Milk Glass Bottles
SD2009 Penn State
Water on plastic bags under the floor
Plastic Bags
Radian System
Thermal storage system in solar houses: Review of the American Solar Decathlon 2002-09
Rodrguez Ubias, Edwin Cronemberger, Joara Neila Gonzlez, Javier Vega Snchez, Sergio
Sensible Heat Thermal Storage Systems
TRANSLUCENT WATER FILLED SYSTEMS
SD2002 Auburn University
Cylinders
SD2007 MIT
Translucent Insulated glass blocks
SD2009 Ohio State University
Polycarbonate trombe wall
SD2009 University of Arizona
Recycle plastic containers
Thermal storage system in solar houses: Review of the American Solar Decathlon 2002-09
Rodrguez Ubias, Edwin Cronemberger, Joara Neila Gonzlez, Javier Vega Snchez, Sergio
Latent Heat Thermal Storage and PCM
PCM and Interior Thermal Conditions Improvements
Reduction of peak temperature
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Increase of hours in the comfort zone
PCM is a substance with a high heat of fusion which is capable of
storing and releasing large amounts of energy at an almost constant
temperature.
Thermal storage system in solar houses: Review of the American Solar Decathlon 2002-09
Rodrguez Ubias, Edwin Cronemberger, Joara Neila Gonzlez, Javier Vega Snchez, Sergio
Latent Heat Thermal Storage Systems
PCM: FLOOR SYSTEMS
SD2005 Canadian Solar Decathlon
Bricks soaked in PCM in a 7.5 cm raised floor
(Air recirculation)
SD2009 Ontario / BC
Dorken Delta Cool 21 below the floor finishing
Bricks soaked in PCM
Floor Grates Intake Ducts Bricks
Thermal storage system in solar houses: Review of the American Solar Decathlon 2002-09
Rodrguez Ubias, Edwin Cronemberger, Joara Neila Gonzlez, Javier Vega Snchez, Sergio
Latent Heat Thermal Storage Systems
PCM: FLOOR SYSTEMS
SD2005 Rhode Island School of Design
Plastic containers filled with PCM
(Water recirculation in a copper pipes radiant system)
SD2005 Technical University of Madrid
Plastic containers and raised flooring tiles filled with
PCM (Air recirculation)
SD2007 Technical University of Madrid
Thermal Batteries: metal tubes filled with PCM
(Water and air recirculation) System was not Installed
Thermal storage system in solar houses: Review of the American Solar Decathlon 2002-09
Rodrguez Ubias, Edwin Cronemberger, Joara Neila Gonzlez, Javier Vega Snchez, Sergio
Latent Heat Thermal Storage Systems
PCM: WALL SYSTEMS
SD2009 Penn State (Walls and ceiling)
BIOPCM 23
o
C ThermaMats
Phase Change Energy Solutions
SD2007 Kansas Project Solar House
Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) with PCM-filled pipes
Patent developed in the University of Kansas
SD2005 Massachusetts Dartmuonth
Between the studs PCM thermal storage panels
24 Enerphase . Dow Chemical Co.
Calsium Chloride Hexahydrate TESC-81
Thermal storage system in solar houses: Review of the American Solar Decathlon 2002-09
Rodrguez Ubias, Edwin Cronemberger, Joara Neila Gonzlez, Javier Vega Snchez, Sergio
Latent Heat Thermal Storage Systems
PCM: CEILING SYSTEMS
SD2009 Spain Team (Passive System)
Dupont Energain 24 C thermal mass panel
aluminum-laminated / copolymer and a paraffin core
SD2009 Team Germany
Dorken Delta Cool 28
Thermal storage with air recirculation
SD2007 Technische Universitat Darmstadt
Knauf PCM SmartBoard (BASF Micronal)
with radian system
Thermal storage system in solar houses: Review of the American Solar Decathlon 2002-09
Rodrguez Ubias, Edwin Cronemberger, Joara Neila Gonzlez, Javier Vega Snchez, Sergio
Thermal Storage Systems
STADISTICS AND EVOLUTION
SD2002 SD2005 SD2007 SD2009
SENCIBLE HEAT 6 4 3 5
LATENT HEAT 0 4 3 4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Q
U
A
N
T
T
I
T
Y
Houses with thermal storage systems
SD2002 SD2005 SD2007 SD2009
OPAQUE 5 4 2 3
TRANSLUCENT 1 0 1 2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Q
U
A
N
T
T
I
T
Y
Sensible: Opaque vs Translucent
SD2002 SD2005 SD2007 SD2009
PASSIVE 0 1 1 3
ACTIVE 0 3 2 1
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
Q
U
A
N
T
T
I
T
Y
Latent: Passive vs Active
SD2002 SD2005 SD2007 SD2009
FLOOR 0 3 1 1
WALL 0 1 1 1
CEILING 0 0 1 2
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
Q
U
A
N
T
T
I
T
Y
Latent Heat Storage: Location
Thermal storage system in solar houses: Review of the American Solar Decathlon 2002-09
Rodrguez Ubias, Edwin Cronemberger, Joara Neila Gonzlez, Javier Vega Snchez, Sergio
Thanks for your attention
CONCLUSIONS
Thermal Storage
The concrete slab was thermal mass system most used in 2002
In each new edition houses have increased the use of latent heat systems
Half of the teams in 2009 used thermal storage in their houses
Sensible Heat Storage
Concrete (opaque) and water (translucent) are the materials mostly used
Only one team used concrete in the last American Solar Decathlon
Floor is the preferred location for sensible heat storage
More translucent solutions in the last two competitions
Latent Heat Storage
Materials soaked in PCM used only in 2005
Passive and Actives systems are used in all the competitions
Use of ceiling solutions appeared in the last two editions
Translucent solutions with PCM have not been presented until now