fluid mechanics

fluid statics

fluid dynamics

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CFD
computational fluid dynamics

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1.1

fluid

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P(x,y,z)

m/V

y
V

V'
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<<

mean free path

<<

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10

fluid particle

<<
<<

< <<
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11

continuum hypothesis

<<

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12

density

m dm
= lim
=
V 0 V
dV

kg/m3
V V

m3/kg

specific volume

= g

N/m3

specific weight
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13

1.2 viscosity
y
F

u=U

h
B

u+u
u

u=0

Isaac Newton
16421727

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14

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15

u+u

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16

1
shear stress

y
F

F U
U
= =
A h
h

u=U no-slip condition

C
u+u
u

h
B

u=0 no-slip condition

du
=
dy

(u+du)dt

dy

velocity gradient

u+du
u

udt

)
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17

du
=
dy

(u + du)dt

d
=
dt

strain rate

dudt

udt

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18

du dy

Pas
viscosity

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19

m2/s
kinematic viscosity

1 ~ 4P. 295 ~ 297

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1.002 10-3

1.003 10-6

1.81 10-5

1.5 10-5

20

()

Newtonian
fluid
Non-Newtonian
fluid
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0 > 0 ()

()
du/dy
21

inviscid fluid

=0

19

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22

11
L

n (r/min)

M,

(rad/s) = 2n / 60
u (m/s) = r = d / 2
N (w) = F u = F r =M

M (N.m) = F r = F d / 2

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23

12

d == 150mm
n
LL == 0.5m
0.5md
150mmn
== 400r/min

400r/min
== 0.25mm
0.25mm

m
M
M == 10.89
10.89 N
Nm

1
d

M,

dM =
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d
d d
dF = d L
2
2 2

M = dM

24

13
2

d
M = Ld
0
2
2

du
dn
=
=
dy
60

dn
d
M = dL
2
60
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120 M
d 3 2 nL
25

21

99N
N

46mm/s
d == 149.5mm

46mm/sd
149.5mm

h == 150mm
D == 150mm

h
150mmD
150mm

du
V
=
=

dy
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22

G = A =

A
h

G
=
Dd

dh V

= 0.694(Pa s )

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1.3 compressibility

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dV V
p =
dp

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bulk modulus of elasticity

dp
1
EV =
=
dV V p

Pa

EV =
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dp
d

30

A
F

dp

V1

dV/V1
V/V1

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(C)

10

EV (N/m2) 2.02109

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2.1109

20

50

100

2.18109 2.29109 2.07109

32

EV
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=C

Ev = p

=C

Ev = p

2.1 109

1.013 105

33

incompressible fluid

= const

E
EVV

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34

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35

C
1 11%
%
20
20C
1

EV =

dp
dV V

p
EV =
V V

EV = 2.18 109 Pa

p = 2.18 109 0.01 = 2.18 107 (Pa)

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36

%
50
50%

EV =

dp
dV V

dp
dV V =
p

V2
1 p2
ln
= ln
V1
p1

V2
p2 = p1
V1
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= 2.67 105 Pa

37

1.4

G
Pn

body force

G
n

G
F

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G
G
F
f = lim
V 0 V

m/s2

38

G
Pn

surface force

G
n
V

G
F

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G
G
Pn
pn = lim
S 0 S

Pa

39

P.1315
P.1315
14
17
1 11
1 14
1 16

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40

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41

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42

du
=
dy

d
=
dt

EV =

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dp
d

dp
1
EV =
=
dV V p

43

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Ev = p

Ev = p

44

15
)

5
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45


9%

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46

1
1886
15km/h

1
1886
16km/h

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2
19

CD = 0.8

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48

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49

1952

GT3501965

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50

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51

CD= 0.19
0.1

Alar

0.28~0.4 0.25
0.15

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F1

F1
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s1

s2

Boeing 747
70.66 64.4 19.33 (m)
362~395

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54

A38073 80 24 (m) 560

61.7
25.5 11.3 (m)

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55

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F18

F22

30

B52

56

4000 1.12
290
5

3911 1991
297

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60

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M=0.26

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Re = 6.e+6

Initial mesh : 1529952 cells

64


Fully loaded configuration
Initial mesh : 1816282 cells

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66

A
B
C
0.1cm
D

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68

A
B
C
D
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69

A
B
C

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70