CONVENTIONAL

INTERPRETATIONMETHODS
Azmi Mohd Arshad
DepartmentofPetroleumEngineering
WellTestInterpretation
SKM4323
WEEK05
AfterVaryingFlowRates
Atestaftervaryingflowratesisinterpretedusingthe
flowratesuperpositionprinciplediscussedbefore:
Oncethewellborestorageaffecthasended,the
pressurevariationsaregivenbyequation(4.3).
Equation(4.30)becomes

+ +

=

=

S 2 0.81
r
) t K(t
ln ) q (q
kh 4
B
(t) p p
2
w
1 i
n
1 i
1 i i wf i
) t (t p ) q (q
kh 2
B
(t) p p
1 i D
n
1 i
1 i i wf i
=

=

(4.30)
(4.31)
AfterVaryingFlowRates/2
Theinterpreterisinterestedinthepressure
variationssincethelastchangeinflowrate,t
n1
.The
pressurevariationatthetimewhenthechangetook
placeis:

+ +

=

=

S 2 0.81
r
) t K(t
ln ) q (q
kh 4
B
) (t p p
2
w
i 1 - n
1 - n
1 i
1 i i 1 - n wf i
AfterVaryingFlowRates/3
Thepressurebuildupsincethetimewhenthewell
wasshutinisexpressedby
tisthetimeelapsedsincethelastchangeinflowrate.

+ +
+

=

S 2 0.81
r
t K
(ln ) q (q
t t t
t t
ln ) q (q
kh 4
B
) (t p t) ( p
2
w
1 n n
1 i 1 - n
1 - i 1 - n
1 - n
1 i
1 i i
1 - n wf ws
(4.32)
AfterVaryingFlowRates/4
Itcanbewrittenasfollows:

+ +
+

=

S) 0.87 3.10
r c
k
log t (log ) q (q
t t t
t t
log ) q (q
kh
B 5 . 1 2
) (t p t) ( p
2
w t
1 n n
1 i 1 - n
1 - i 1 - n
1 - n
1 i
1 i i
1 - n wf ws

+ +
+

=

S) 0.87 3.23
r c
k
log t (log ) q (q
t t t
t t
log ) q (q
kh
B 162.6
) (t p t) ( p
2
w t
1 n n
1 i 1 - n
1 - i 1 - n
1 - n
1 i
1 i i
1 - n wf ws

(4.33) (in practical US units)

(4.34) (in practical metric units)
AfterVaryingFlowRates/5
Thepressurevarieslinearlyversustherighthandmember
(betweenparentheses)ofequations(4.33)and(4.34).The
memberisafunctionofflowratesandtimeandiscalledthe
superpositionfunction.
Ifthevalueofpressuremeasuredinthebottomoftheholeis
plottedversusthesuperpositionfunction,astraightlineaslopeof
mcanbeseenoncetheeffectofwellborestoragehasended.
kh
B 162.6
m=
Interpretation
kh
B 5 . 1 2
m=
(in practical US units)
(in practical metric units)
(4.35)
(4.36)
AfterVaryingFlowRates/6
AfterVaryingFlowRates/7
Theslopeisindependentofflowrate.Thisisthe
advantageoftherepresentation:theresults
obtainedwithdifferentflowratescanbecompared
onthesamegraph.
Tofindanexpressionofmwhichisdependenton
flowratecomparabletowhatisobtainedwith
Hornersmethod,thesuperpositionfunctionneeds
onlytobedividedbythelastflowrate.
Interpretation
AfterVaryingFlowRates/8
Theslope,m,ofthestraightlineisusedto
determinethereservoirskh:
m
B 162.6
kh =
Interpretation
m
B 21.5
kh =
(in practical US units)
(in practical metric units)
(4.37)
(4.38)
AfterVaryingFlowRates/9
Theskinisdeterminedbasedonthepressurevalue
readonthestraightline1hourafteralastflowrate
variation:

= 3.10
r c
k
log
m ) q - (q
) (t p p
1.151 S
2
w t n 1 - n
1 - n wf 1h

Interpretation
(metric)
(4.39)
(4.40)

= 3.23
r c
k
log
m ) q - (q
) (t p p
1.151 S
2
w t n 1 - n
1 - n wf 1h

(US)
AfterVaryingFlowRates/10
Ifthelastflowratevariationisashutin,the
pressurereadingforinfinitetime,i.e.forvalueof
thesuperpositionfunctionequaltozero,isusedto
determinetheextrapolatedreservoirpressure.
Interpretation
Example4
(Inclassworkshop)
SimplificationoftheFlowRateHistory
Toanalyzethefinalbuildup,thesimplestmethod
consistsinreducingtheflowratehistorytoonesingle
rateandusingHornersmethodfortheactual
interpreting.
Thesinglerateproductiondatathatreplacethen1
multiraterealitymustbegovernedbythefollowing
principle:
flowrate=thelastrate;
equivalentproductiontime:
n
n
i
i i i
pe
q
t t q
t

=
1
1
1
) (
(4.41)
SimplificationoftheFlowRateHistory/2
Theproductiontimeisdesignedtoprovide
atotalproductionvalueidenticaltothe
productionthatwasactuallyrecorded.
Therealproductiontimeshouldnotbe
usedtocomputeandequivalentflowrate.
BuildupRadiusofInvestigation
Thetheoreticalradiusofinvestigationdependsonlyon
thedurationofthepressurebuildup.
Theradiusofinvestigationcanbeestimatedbyusing
theformulaproposedbefore:
t
i
c
kt
2 03 . 0 r

=
(in practical US units)
(4.42)
t
i
c
kt
8 03 . 0 r

=
(in practical metric units)
(4.43)
Example5
(Inclassworkshop)
References
1. Bourdarot,Gilles:WellTesting:Interpretation
Methods,ditions Technip,1998.
2. Internet.