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A: Image shows a ventricular septum viewed from the right side. It has the following 4
components: inlet septum from the tricuspid annulus to the attachments of the tricuspid
valve (I); trabecular septum from inlet to apex and up to the smooth-walled outlet (T);
outlet septum, which extends to the pulmonary valve (O); and membranous septum. B:
Anatomic positions of the defects are as follows: outlet defect (a); papillary muscle of the
conus (b); perimembranous defect (c); marginal muscular defects (d); central muscular
defects (e); inlet defect (f); and apical muscular defects (g).

Schematic representation of the location of various types of ventricular septal defects
(VSDs) from the right ventricular aspect. A = Doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal
defect; B = Perimembranous ventricular septal defect; C = Inlet or atrioventricular
canal–type ventricular septal defect; D = Muscular ventricular septal defect.