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Sorsogon State College

Sorsogon Campus
S. Y. 2014 2015





(Preparation & Evaluation of Instructional Materials in English)




Submitted by: Laarni J. Santiago
BSED-3C

Submitted to:
Mr. Mark Gregory Gacosta
Instructor



TEACHING MATERIALS: THE CENTER OF INSTRUCTION INLEARNING
Most of us would associate the term learning materials with textbooks, or anything that
is tangible that is used by the teachers when they are teaching. This is because that has been their
experience of using learning materials. But in our experience, materials refer to anything that is
used by the teachers or students to facilitate the learning of a language. Like the video and audio
tapes, computers, photos used to represent an object of learning; the teaching strategy used by
the teachers and even the teachers itself.

There are five important components in the language instructions, these are the students,
teacher, materials, teaching methods, and evaluation and the centre of the language learnings are
the students. So, the responsibility of the teachers is to check to see if the elements of the
learning process is working well and adapt if not. Materials should have correct, natural, recent
and Standard English, and they are materials often control the instruction because the learnings
of the students depends on how the materials present it. These materials that are applicable to a
particular class need to have a particular technique on method which will fit the learning styles of
the students. And more importantly, teachers should have a good material and that they need to
be careful of picking materials to be used to avoid copyright issues concerning the materials.

Materials have a great use to the teachers and mostly to the learners. These materials help
them facilitate the learning of a language. Selecting and Developing Teaching/Learning
Materials is about why we use materials and what are these materials for and understanding more
about them and how to make use of it in a way that the learners would successfully gain
knowledge out of it. Based from the article, the author stated that materials are not just textbooks
this can be video and audio tapes, computer software and visual aids and that they influence the
content and procedure of learning. He has a point of stating this because the students will learn
based from how the materials presented the information, and that materials are not just
textbooks. And the author evidences to support his article, and he justified clearly his points. He
also said that English textbooks should have correct, natural, recent and Standard English, since
the students vocabulary is limited. I agree with this statement because his reason is that
textbooks will be the ones to provide information to help the students understand the words that
are not familiar to them and from my perspective, he has a point and it will really help the
learners in understanding well the subject matter. From the point of view of Allwright(1990)
which the author stated that textbooks are too inflexible to be used as instructional materials.
And in contrast with this is ONeals view that materials are suitable for the students needs, even
if they are not designed specifically for them, that textbooks make it possible for students o
review and prepare their lessons, that textbooks are efficient in terms of time and money, and
that textbooks can and should allow for adaptation and improvisation. I agree in the part where
he stated that textbooks should be adaptive and that it can be improvised, this is in regards with
the students, considering the needs of the students. But these materials should be particular with
the every learner that it should be suitable for their learning styles and another one that he said
that it would be efficient in terms of time and money. How would it be efficient in time and
money if in the first place the material or textbook is not fit for the learning of the students? Then
in this case it would be more time consuming and more money would be spent just to provide the
learner the proper and efficient learning that he/she needs. Every student is different from
another. The way they think, act, and even in the way how they understand certain information
that is going to be their learning. What I am trying to say is that, different students have different
styles in learning. So, these materials that are used to facilitate the learning of a language
should suit the needs of every single one of the learners. The author mentioned that
ONeal(1990) emphasized that materials control learning and teaching and Allwright (1990)
emphasized that materials control learning and teaching from based from the perspective both of
them know that materials is of great use to the teachers, in terms of learning. But the author
agrees on the point of Allwright which is materials control learning and teaching. The author
stated that students learn what is presented in the textbooks, and the way the textbook presents
material is the way students learn it, and that they control the content, methods, and procedures
of learning. So, materials have an important contribution for the learning process and that they
have great influence to the learners. The author also stated that materials should be appropriate
for a particular class and that it needs to have an underlying instructional philosophy, approach,
method and technique which suit the students and their needs. I strongly agree with him because
different students have different learning styles and that there are students that learns fast and
there are who are slow learners, so materials should be particular in styles in which it will suit
what the learners needs. Littlejohn and Windeatt (1989) argued that materials have hidden
curriculum that incudes attitudes towards knowledge, attitudes towards teaching and learning,
attitudes toward the role and relationship of the teacher and student and values and attitudes
related to gender, society, etc. in his argument, he focuses on the values learned by the students.
and that the hidden curriculum aims to develop and improve the attitudes of the learners towards
everything. In which I agree that it should be included because learners should not just mentally
prepared but they also need to be emotionally prepared or stable too. He also stated that teachers
should be aware of copyright issues concerning materials, which I also agreed to because these
materials are used by the learners. Teachers should acknowledge the author of the materials and
that they should ask permission of the author of the materials and in order to avoid these issues
and for teachers to serve as an example to the learners so that they wont make any mistake like
this, because there are cases that some teachers claims materials that they just research in the
internet, which is wrong. Committing a sin to own or claim someones work is plagiarism, and
teachers should be a role model to students. They should be the guide to the learners, not just in
terms of learning, but also in terms of moral values for teachers to more effective.

The main purpose of this article is to show how important these teaching materials are
and how much great of a help it is to the teachers and mostly the students on the learners.
According to the author, materials should be suited to the needs of the learners, that materials
have an appropriate method or approach in letting the students discover the learnings that they
need. One implication of the author is Clarke (1989) in which he argued that communicative
methodology is important and that communicative methodology is based on the authenticity,
realism, context, and focus on the learner. But the author did not provide any statements that
would support this, in which he fails to justify the claims that he just mentioned in the article.
The implication of the author is that materials is the centre of instructions and one of the most
important influences on what goes on in the classroom. That this material has been a great
contribution to what the students are learning today.

This critical review has evaluated the article Selecting and Developing
Teaching/Learning Materials. The author did a great job of presenting his theories with
corresponding evidences that would support his ideas, though there are some that I did not agree
with the author. Over all, I think he really succeeds in doing this article and most of his ideas are
really logical that it convinced me. And that there is really a need to use materials for teaching
because it has great use to mostly learners and that it should be chosen carefully by teachers to
avoid certain issues concerning materials.

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