Current Affairs

Chief Editor
B. Singh (Ex. IES)

CMD, MADE EASY Group
Editor
Aniruddh Pratap Singh
Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this magazine are those of the authors and do not necessarily refect policy or position of CURRENT AFFAIRS Magazine or MADE EASY Publications.
They should be understood as the personal opinions of the author/ authors. The MADE EASY assumes no responsibility for views and opinions expressed nor does it vouch for any claims made in the
advertisements published in the Magazine. While painstaking effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of the informations published in the Magazine, neither Publisher, Editor or any of
its employee does not accept any claim for compensation, if any data is wrong, abbreviated, cancelled, omitted or inserted incorrect.
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of this, if any inaccuracy or printing error occurs then Made Easy Publications owes no responsibility.
Made Easy Publications will be grateful if you could point out any such error. Your suggestions will be
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Copyright 2014 @ MADE EASY
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ISBN: 978-93-83643-26-4
Issue : Annual Edition, 2014
MADE EASY
Issue: Annual Edition, 2014
MADE EASY
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A Q U A R T E R L Y M A G A Z I N E F O R C O M P E T I T I V E E X A M I N A T I O N S
Current Afairs | MADE EASY
Current Afairs Annual Edition, 2014
Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this
magazine are those of the authors and do not necessarily re-
fect policy or position of CURRENT AFFAIRS Magazine
or MADE EASY Publications. They should be understood
as the personal opinions of the author/ authors.
03 GATE
Expert Speaks
09 A letter from the editor

10 Lok Sabha Elections, 2014
Speical Coverage

Narendra Modi
10
16 National Afairs

Judicial Appointments
Commission
16
40 International Afairs

Dirty Bomb
Emergency Exercise
40
52 Bilateral Afairs

Indo-Japan Relationship
52
Contents
64 Meetings and Summits

Third Nuclear
Security Summit
64
71 Awards and Honours
87 Persons in News

Nelson Mandela
87
97 Places in News
102 Books & Authors
104 Defence in News

First Missile Astra
104
109 Science & Technology
116 Environment & Wildlife
128 Committees and Commissions
136 Current Economy
nnn
147 Sports

Winter Olympics-2014
147
160 Ready Reckoners
169 Solved Papers : Combined
Defence Services Exam, 2014
184 New Current
Afairs Questions
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MODI
Experienced & Confdent
India
gets, new
Prime Minister
A Q U A R T E R L Y M A G A Z I N E F O R C O M P E T I T I V E E X A M I N A T I O N S
147 Sports

Winter Olympics-2014
147
160 Ready Reckoners
169 Solved Papers : Combined
Defence Services Exam, 2014
184 New Current
Afairs Questions
Why has GATE become popular
in recent years; especially after
recession?
Ever since its inception, GATE
has been a good career option for
engineers. However I believe that
earlier engineers were unaware
about the prospects of GATE. During
recession, they moved towards
GATE as an alternative career
option; and it was then that they realized its goodness.
This is clearly substantiated by the increasing number of
candidates appearing in GATE every year.
What are the opportunities through GATE?
Earlier, the major opportunity through GATE was to build a
career in teaching or in R&D. That opportunity still remains
today, and probably, would always remain.
In the present scenario we nd that
the biggest PSUs (Public Sector
Undertakings) of the country have
started recruiting graduate engineers on
the basis of performance in GATE. This is
clearly an acknowledgement of the high
standard of GATE exam.
Tell us something about PSUs recruiting
through GATE.
The PSUs recruiting through GATE are
some of the biggest PSUs of the country; most of them
being the Maharatna, Navratna or Miniratna PSUs.They
initially shortlist the candidates on the basis of GATE Score,
followed by group discussion and/or personal interview.
After the arrival of 6th Pay Commission compounded by
the adverse effects of global recession on private industry
today engineers consider PSUs as very lucrative career
option. In present time, annual salary packages of the
PSUs ranges between 6-12 lakhs.
What are the prospects after completing the Masters
program?
Firstly, there is a possibility of getting good campus
placements, that too, in core companies.
Secondly, if a student has keen interest in R&D, he can
pursue his Ph.D. program; and eventually enter into big
multinational companies or government organizations to
perform high-end research.
Next, if a student has interest in teaching, he can join as an
assistant professor in an engineering college.
Who comprises your faculty team at MADE EASY?
The MADE EASY Faculty Team we proudly call it MEFT
includes professors from reputed institutes like IITs
GATE:
An Emerging Career Opportunity for Engineers
Expert Speaks
An Interview with Mr. B. Singh (Ex. IES), CMD, MADE EASY Group
Source: Te Education Post, Published on 12th May, 2014
B. Singh (Ex. IES)CMD, MADE EASY Group
Current Afairs | MADE EASY 4
and NITs, top rankers in GATE and IES exam and other
specialized technical experts who are believed to have a
strong command on a single subject.
Furthermore, we have a rigorous feedback system.
We collect comprehensive written feedbacks from our
students; and take corrective measures, if required. Not
compromising with the quality of faculty is our policy.
This year, GATE paper went online. Does it afect the aspirants
in any way?
It is true that our students were uncomfortable in the
beginning. But we offered them detailed tutorial sessions.
We took lead in designing computer-based online test
modules. These online test modules were almost identical
to the actual GATE interface. After GATE, we were happy to
listen to the highly enthusiastic feedback of our students.
In general, whenever the pattern of an exam changes, how do
you ensure that the students in that particular year perform
their best?
We have a team of highly efcient content developers and
assistant faculty members; who dedicate the whole year in
analysing the previous years papers and speculating the
next years paper. The experience of this team makes it
capable of quickly adapting to changes in any exam.
Our classroom theory-books and work-books contain highly
researched and updated study material.
In fact, this year we introduced some GATE Probable
Papers as well. We also used Facebook to tutor our
students; wherein we launched a FaceGATE technical
quiz.
What are the other opportunities for a GATE aspirant?
Considering the near similarity in the syllabus of GATE and
IES exam, we strongly recommend our students to also
write the IES exam; and appear in written exams of PSUs
conducting their own written test.
Is coaching needed to crack GATE?
Based on my experience I nd that majority of students
do need guidance for preparation; because in a limited
time they have to prepare a relatively large number of
topics. Thus our guidance helps them in channelizing their
talented efforts. We help students put smartness in their
hard work.
Furthermore, observing the results of MADE EASY over a
period of time; you would nd that the top rankers not
only in GATE, but also in IES and PSUs are MADE EASY
students. This means that a proper guidance is what made
them top rankers.
How is MADE EASY better than other institutes training for
GATE?
In the rst place, our classroom infrastructure is much
better than most of the other institutes.
We devote more teaching hours to subjects when
compared to most other institutes. We conduct class tests
and Self Assessment Tests (doubt clearing tests) at regular
intervals.
In new batches, we conduct a unique Orientation Session
which is awareness cum motivational session wherein
we give a detailed overview of GATE to students, remove
the fear factors from their minds, and guide them about
their year-long strategy for preparation.
After GATE, we conduct a unique and comprehensive Post
GATE Counseling session, at all our MADE EASY centers.
We conduct GD/PI guidance programs throughout the
year.
This year onwards, we will conduct special motivational
sessions at regular intervals to help students remain on
track.
To honour our achievers, we conduct MADE EASY
Meritorious Award Ceremony. This acts as incentive and
motivation for our next year students. For example, this
year we awarded a cash prize of Rs. 2 lakhs + 20 grams
pure gold to AIR 1 in GATE.
Have you ever been endorsed for your excellence?
Our excellence is reected in our results. This year
MADE EASY has produced AIR 1 in GATE, in all the main
streams, viz. Electronics, Electrical, Civil, Mechanical and
Instrumentation.
This year MADE EASY has also produced AIR 1 in IES
exam in all the 4 streams, viz. Electronics, Electrical, Civil
and Mechanical.
We have also been receiving various awards corroborating
our excellence. For example, we have received Best
Institute for IES, GATE and PSUs award by Mr. Chetan
Bhagat and Captains of Industry award by Mr. Shivraj Singh
Chauhan, Honble chief minister of Madhya Pradesh.
How do you guide students apart from classroom study
program?
Current Afairs
5
Annual Edition, 2014
We understand the limitations of some students who are
unable to attend our classroom study program. For such
students, we have a very comprehensive Postal Study
Course program. Under this program we courier the entire
study material needed by GATE aspirants. We also provide
access to our online test modules.
We hear that MADE EASY trains thousands of students every
year. But defnitely, not everyone is successful. What do you
say about unsuccessful students?
It is true that not everyone can be a top ranker. After
living in the hardworking and challenging environment
of MADE EASY, a student realizes his true potential; and
thus becomes a stronger person eventually taking more
meaningful decisions in life.
We have seen students failing in GATE and eventually
becoming top rankers in IES exam and civil services
exam.
We hear that students from state level universities are
reluctant to prepare for GATE. What do you suggest?
It is nothing more than an unjustied tendency of students
to underestimate them. It is not necessary that only
students from IITs and NITs can qualify GATE. This can
easily be substantiated by observing the results of GATE
over a period of time; where in we nd that majority of top
rankers belong to state level universities.
Must a student with average academic performance think of
preparing for GATE?
Provided a student is determined to do better in life; his poor
academic past becomes irrelevant. I have seen students
with average marks and several carry-over papers (in
B.Tech.) becoming top rankers in GATE. Interestingly, no
minimum percentage is required in B.Tech to write GATE.
However, I would state that after qualifying GATE, not all,
but most of the colleges (offering M.Tech.) and most of
the PSUs (recruiting through GATE) normally require a
minimum of 60% marks for GEN/OBC and 55% marks for
SC/ST candidates.
Starting from Ber Sarai in New Delhi, today you have
dominant presence in Delhi and have even expanded to
other metropolitan cities like Bhopal, Jaipur, Lucknow, and
Hyderabad. What are your future expansion plans?
Our main motive behind expansion is to make our guidance
accessible to those students who are unable to come to
Delhi.
We do not believe in exponentially increasing our presence
in new cities as some other institutes do because it
greatly compromises the quality of education. Faculty
members are a scarce resource; and unless we ascertain
that we have sufcient number of faculty members, we do
not enter a new city.
Because of this quality determination, today our top
rankers do not belong only to Delhi center; rather to all our
centers.
What would you fnally say to students?
The nal decision whether a student wants to prepare for
GATE must come from within him. But I would suggest the
engineers that they must at least try for big avenues before
settling for less.
MADE EASY is always there to guide them in all possible
ways.
I wish them all the best.
Thank you.
nnn
Enhanced Degree of General awareness for Exam success has become the epitome of the various
critical requirements in the present day competitive examinations. General Awareness is a very
important part of the syllabuses in the Examination ranging from UPSC Civil Services Examination,
Indian Engineering Services Examination, Indian Forest Services Examination and the Public Sector
Undertakings Examinations to the various States Services Examinations. Competitive Examinations
from the General Studies areas are having questions belonging to the basics of the core subjects along
with the questions based upon the contemporary issues. In the light of this what, when, why, where, who
and how of those contemporary issues the content needs to be prepared in comprehensive yet precise
manner. The quintessential part of the coverage of the information is its relevance to the examinations
you are preparing for. Ability to distinguish between relevant and immaterial content is very important,
as they say in Sanskrit Yatha kharaschandana - bharavahi bharasya vetta na tu chandanasya means the
Ass carrying its load of sandalwood knows only the weight and not the value of sandalwood. Once you
will be able to understand the essence and spirit of the preparation, it will no longer be a load, you will
enjoy the fragrance of the knowledge and an inevitable success attached to it.
One should never forget that Success is not automatic; it has to be earned by Intelligence, Enthusiasm,
Endurance and Perseverance. For achieving success in the competitive examinations, mainly two
things are required; one is the content and the other is unrelenting and resolute preparation. Content
is the Bow and Preparation is an arrow and both of them are required to hit the bulls eye. We have
aimed with the help of this magazine to accomplish the target of providing a qualitative content and
the readers have the onus of preparation. Discipline, hard work and focused perseverance bridges
the gap between goals and accomplishments. Way to success may be diffcult sometimes like walking
on the thin edge of a razor. The road to success may be full of obstacles, long, perilous and you will
come across a number of naysayers throughout your march towards the goal, but do not despair. As
Swami Vivekananda said and I quote, Awake, Arise and Stop not till the goal is achieved.
While bringing the current edition of Current Affairs Made Easy, I can only say that this is an
Ebullient, Dedicated Guides Endeavour to show such a path that when you open the pages of this
Magazine, you will be opening even the most tightly closed doors of success.
Editor
EDITORIAL
Take An EDGE
MADE EASY Students TOP IES-2013 in
ME
Mechanical Engineering
CE
Civil Engineering
EE
Electrical Engineering
E&T
Electronics & Telecom Engg.
ME
Selections in Top 10
10
20 MADE EASY Selections 99 Total Vacancies 150
MADE EASY Percentage
66%
CE
6
70%
E T
9
75%
&
EE
9
65%
MADE EASY contribution at National Level in IES-2013 : 69%
4
Streams
Toppers
4
All 4 MADE EASY
Students
482
Selections
out of total
702
62
in
Top 20
34
in
Top 10
Nidhin S. Roy
AIR-4
Manu Garg
AIR-3
Manish Singh
AIR-2
Surabhi Gautam
AIR-1
Akash Chhikara
AIR-5
Ashish Panda
AIR-6
S. Tejdeep
AIR-7
Rati Johri
AIR-9
Sarvesh Thakur
AIR-10
Sachin Goyal
AIR-1
Kaveri Gupta
AIR-2
Ankit Srivastava
AIR-4
Pratik Kumar
AIR-5
Samir Biswas
AIR-6
Vipin Kumar
AIR-7
S. Srivastava
AIR-8
S. Waseem
AIR-9
Veerendra V.
AIR-10
Gaurav K. Singh
AIR-1
Bharat Agarwal
AIR-3
Varun Gupta
AIR-5
Abhishek Saraf
AIR-6
Chirag Mittal
AIR-9
Mandeep Sidhu
AIR-10
A. Bharadwaj
AIR-3
Ram Sahu
AIR-2
Shahid Malik
AIR-1
Vinod Datusliya
AIR-4
Aditya Gupta
AIR-5
Bhisham Mittal
AIR-6
Nitisha Gupta
AIR-7
Ranjak Agarwal
AIR-8
Vivek S GR
AIR-9
Sushil Kumar
AIR-10
www.madeeasy.in
EC + IN
EE + CS
CE
ME + PI
Apoorv, CS
AIR-9
Ankita Gupta, EE
AIR-8
Arpit, EE
AIR-7
Sahil Singh, CS
AIR-6
Kuldeep, EE
AIR-6
J. Choudhury, EE
AIR-4
A. Gupta, CS
AIR-2
Sahil Garg, EE
AIR-2
Ankit Goyal, EE
AIR-1
Akash, EC
AIR-1
Abhishek, EC
AIR-10
M. Mohapatra, IN
AIR-8
N. Chowdary, IN
AIR-7
A. Mullick, EC
AIR-5
Bharat Kr., IN
AIR-3
Amit Rawat, EC
AIR-5
Ashish Behera, IN
AIR-1
Abinash, EC
AIR-3
Sidhant Sen, CE
AIR-1
Gaurav Rai, CE
AIR-2
Ankit Kr., CE
AIR-3
Shabin Asaf, CE
AIR-4
Aman Deep, CE
AIR-4
Ashutosh Gaur, CE
AIR-7
Jitesh, CE
AIR-9
Pramod N., CE
AIR-10
Dinesh Kumar, ME
AIR-9
Niharika Kolli, ME
AIR-7
Ajay Singh, PI
AIR-4
Rohit Singh, ME
AIR-4
Babu Lal, ME
AIR-3
Harshit, ME
AIR-2
Shubham, ME
AIR-1
Satyanshu Singh, ME
AIR-10
CE
Top 10
8
Selections
Top 100
48
Selections
Top 10
9
Selections
Top 100
45
Selections
EE + CS/ IT
Top 10
8
Selections
Top 100
54
Selections
ME + PI
Top 10
9
Selections
Top 100
67
Selections
EC + IN
www.madeeasy.in
MADE EASY Students TOP GATE-2014 in
34
in
Top 10
214
in
Top 100
Ranks in
CE, ME, EE
E&T & IN
st
1
Dear Readers,
In todays fast changing world, everything has become so competitive that sometimes even better
is not enough, it requires only the best. Be it life or be it examination, it is imperative to have the
best of the preparations and hence timely and timeless preparation is an essence of the success
in the competitive examinations. Competitive examinations are sometimes less about strength or
intelligence and more about understanding the examination requirements and incessant effort to
unlock our potential for accomplishing the goal.
It gives me an immense pleasure and satisfaction in introducing the current issue of Current
Affairs MADE EASY". The very basic purpose of launching this magazine is to be able to fulfll the
requirement of various competitive examinations in an effcient and effective way and helping the
aspirants achieving the desired success in those examinations. We have tried to provide an ingenious,
resourceful, authentic and relevant information in a most lucid, comprehensible, communicative and
self- explanatory manner. With the comprehensive yet precise coverage, This issue of the Current
Affairs Made Easy will be accomplishing the requirements of the various Competitive Examinations
like Civil Services Examination, State Civil Services Examinations, Indian Engineering Services
Examination, Indian Forest Services Examination, GATE, and the various Public Sector undertakings
Examination. Despite competitive examinations being the main focus, the Magazine will generate
awareness about the Nation and the World among the General Readers too.
In this issue of the magazine we have covered the wide ranging issues of National and International
importance that occurred in the last three months or so with additional inputs in order to provide
the basic understanding of the key issues. Background material has been covered for such issues
which require greater attention keeping examination requirement in mind. All important Awards
and Honours, Books and Authors, Persons and Places, Meeting and Summits, Institutions and
Organisations have been covered in such a manner so that examination requirement is successfully
met. Current issues related to Defence, Science and technology, Environment and wildlife, Economy
and Sports have also been covered extensively. Issues of greater importance like Indian Mars Orbiter
Mission, Climate Change Conference in Warsaw, WTO conference in Bali and Crypto currency
Bitcoin and some other topics have been given both the objective and the Analytical coverage.
I sincerely hope that this magazine will help you access the hidden treasure trove of success and will
act a pathfnder through the journey towards your dream.
Wishing you all the very best and a bright future ahead.
Editor
A LETTER FROM THE EDITOR
EC + IN
EE + CS
CE
ME + PI
Apoorv, CS
AIR-9
Ankita Gupta, EE
AIR-8
Arpit, EE
AIR-7
Sahil Singh, CS
AIR-6
Kuldeep, EE
AIR-6
J. Choudhury, EE
AIR-4
A. Gupta, CS
AIR-2
Sahil Garg, EE
AIR-2
Ankit Goyal, EE
AIR-1
Akash, EC
AIR-1
Abhishek, EC
AIR-10
M. Mohapatra, IN
AIR-8
N. Chowdary, IN
AIR-7
A. Mullick, EC
AIR-5
Bharat Kr., IN
AIR-3
Amit Rawat, EC
AIR-5
Ashish Behera, IN
AIR-1
Abinash, EC
AIR-3
Sidhant Sen, CE
AIR-1
Gaurav Rai, CE
AIR-2
Ankit Kr., CE
AIR-3
Shabin Asaf, CE
AIR-4
Aman Deep, CE
AIR-4
Ashutosh Gaur, CE
AIR-7
Jitesh, CE
AIR-9
Pramod N., CE
AIR-10
Dinesh Kumar, ME
AIR-9
Niharika Kolli, ME
AIR-7
Ajay Singh, PI
AIR-4
Rohit Singh, ME
AIR-4
Babu Lal, ME
AIR-3
Harshit, ME
AIR-2
Shubham, ME
AIR-1
Satyanshu Singh, ME
AIR-10
CE
Top 10
8
Selections
Top 100
48
Selections
Top 10
9
Selections
Top 100
45
Selections
EE + CS/ IT
Top 10
8
Selections
Top 100
54
Selections
ME + PI
Top 10
9
Selections
Top 100
67
Selections
EC + IN
www.madeeasy.in
MADE EASY Students TOP GATE-2014 in
34
in
Top 10
214
in
Top 100
Ranks in
CE, ME, EE
E&T & IN
st
1
16th Lok Sabha Elections- 2014
Special Feature
Lotus blossoms in General Election 2014
Modi led the BJP back to power after a decade in the
opposition, taking advantage of public anger at the
Congress for uncontrolled high prices, corruption scams
and rising unemployment.
The triumph capped an amazing run for the 63-year-old
chief minister of Gujarat, who ran a high-voltage campaign
that rewrote the political rule book and knocked his rivals
off balance. The result is the biggest landslide in 30 years,
and the rst time since 1984 that a single party has a
majority in the Lok Sabha.
The mandate gives Modi the chance to shape the new
government as he wishes, without the pulls and pressures
that have hobbled past coalitions. Expectations are
growing that he will slash red tape, revamp tax laws and
unveil measures to kickstart growth.
the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance had won in 336
seats, with the BJP alone at 282, comfortably crossing the
272 halfway mark needed to form the government.
The Congress-led United Progressive Alliance was limping
in at 59, heading for its worst-ever tally. Leads and results
from all 543 seats were in.
The BJP consolidated its hold in Gujarat, Rajasthan,
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh, leaving
only a handful of seats to its opponents. It also engineered
a decisive turnaround in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, made
inroads into Assam and West Bengal, won the southernmost
seat in India, Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu, and came a
close second in nearby Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala.
The BJP-led alliance swept the electorally key state of Uttar
Pradesh, leading or winning in a stunning 73 of the 80 seats,
its campaign orchestrated by Modis right-hand man Amit
Shah. Mulayam Singh Yadavs Samajwadi Party, which
runs the state government, won just a handful of seats and
Mayawatis Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) was wiped out.
Congratulations came in from across the world, including
the United States and the United Kingdom, which had in
the past shunned Modi over riots that happened in Gujarat
under his watch in 2002.
In contrast, there was gloom in the Congress camp as
many prominent ministers lost or were heading for defeat,
including Sushilkumar Shinde, Kapil Sibal and Sachin
Pilot. Arun Jaitley was a prominent loser on the BJP side,
undone by anti-incumbency against the ruling Akali Dal in
Amritsar.
While the Left fell to its lowest tally in history, three regional
parties outside the BJP alliance, the Trinamool Congress in
West Bengal, AIADMK in Tamil Nadu and the Biju Janata
Dal in Odisha, held their ground.
The big winners included J Jayalalithaas AIADMK, which
won in 37 of the 39 seats in Tamil Nadu, and Mamata
Banerjees Trinamool Congress, which won in 34 of the 42
seats in West Bengal.
The Aam Aadmi Party, which stunned everyone by winning
the Delhi assembly last year, made an encouraging Lok
Sabha debut, grabbing 4 seats in Punjab. But its chief,
Arvind Kejriwal, fell well short of Modi in Varanasi.
A record 66.4% people turned out to cast their votes in
nine phases of the worlds biggest election held between
April 7 and May 12.
Highlights of 16th Lok Sabha Election
The 2014 Lok Sabha election, has earned the
distinction of recording the highest voter turnout ever
at 66.4%. This surpasses the 64% polling witnessed
in the 1984 polls, held in extraordinary circumstances
following the assassination of then Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi, and makes the 58.2% turnout of 2009
pale in comparison.
The top performers in terms of turnouts were
smaller states and UTs such as Nagaland (88.6%),
Lakshadweep (86.8%), Tripura (84.3%), Dadra and
Nagar Haveli (84.1%) and Puducherry (82.2%).
Among the bigger states, West Bengal impressed
with 81.8% turnout (likely to go up once nal gures
come in), Odisha (74.4%), Andhra Pradesh (74.2%),
Kerala (74.0%) and Tamil Nadu (73.7%).
This general election cost the government Rs 3,426
crore, which is 131% more than the Rs 1,483 crore
spent on the 2009 polls.
Current Afairs
11
Election Commission of India took up voter awareness
initiative titled Systematic Voter Education and
Electoral Participation (SVEEP).
16 of the 35 states and UTs reported higher female
turnout than male voter participation.
Around 60 lakh voters opted for the None of The
Above (NOTA) option, more than the votes secured
by 21 parties, in this Lok Sabha polls where it was
introduced for the rst time in any parliamentary
election.
Nearly 65.31% of the total women electors in the
country voted in this election, as compared to
55.82% in 2009 poll. In comparison, 67.17% of the
male electorate turned up at the polling stations, as
compared to 60.24% in the last general election
The gender gap in terms of turnout is just 2.14
percentage points, as compared to 4.42 percentage
points recorded in 2009.
Some Important Facts about
Prime Minister and Council of Minister
In Parliamentary system of Democracy President is
nominal executive authority( de jure executive) and
head of the state.
Prime Minister is real executive authority ( de facto
executive) and head of the govt.
Constitutional provision in Article 75 (1): The Prime
Minister shall be appointed by the President and the
other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on
the advice of the Prime Minister
Art. 75(2)The Minister shall hold offce during the
pleasure of the President.
Art. 75(3)The Council of Ministers shall be collectively
responsible to the Lok Sabha.
Prime Minister may be member of either house of the
Parliament.
President can recommend only those person as ministers
who are recommended by the Prime Minister.
According to Art 74 there shall be a Council of
Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid
and advise the President who shall, in the exercise
of his functions, act in accordance with such advice:
Provided that the President may require the council of
Ministers to reconsider such advice, either generally or
otherwise, and the President shall act in accordance
with the advice tendered after such reconsideration.
ALL INDIA Result Status
(Status Known For 543 out of 543 Constituencies)
Party Won
Bharatiya Janata Party 282
Communist Party of India 1
Communist Party of India (Marxist) 9
Indian National Congress 44
Nationalist Congress Party 6
Aam Aadmi Party 4
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 37
All India N.R. Congress 1
All India Trinamool Congress 34
All India United Democratic Front 3
Biju Janata Dal 20
Indian National Lok Dal 2
Indian Union Muslim League 2
Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party 3
Janata Dal (Secular) 2
Janata Dal (United) 2
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 2
Kerala Congress (M) 1
Lok Jan Shakti Party 6
Naga Peoples Front 1
National Peoples Party 1
Pattali Makkal Katchi 1
Rashtriya Janata Dal 4
Revolutionary Socialist Party 1
Samajwadi Party 5
Shiromani Akali Dal 4
Shivsena 18
Sikkim Democratic Front 1
Telangana Rashtra Samithi 11
Telugu Desam 16
All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen 1
Apna Dal 2
Rashtriya Lok Samta Party 3
Swabhimani Paksha 1
Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party 9
Independent 3
Total 543
List of Prime Minister of India from 1947
No Name Entered
offce
Left
offce
Political
party
1 Jawahar Lal
Nehru
15-Aug-
1947
27-May-
1964
INC
2 Gulzarilal Nanda 27-May-
1964
9 June
1964
INC
3 Lal Bahadur
Shastri
09-Jun-
1964
11-Jan-
1966
INC
4 Gulzarilal Nanda 11-Jan-
1966
24
January
1966
INC
5 Indira Gandhi 24-Jan-
1966
24-Mar-
1977
INC
6 Morarji Desai 24-Mar-
1977
28-Jul-
1979
Janata
Party
7 Charan Singh 28-Jul-
1979
14-Jan-
1980
Janata
Party
8 Indira Gandhi 14-Jan-
1980
31-Oct-
1984
INC
9 Rajiv Gandhi 31-Oct-
1984
02-Dec-
1989
INC
10 Vishwanath
PratapSingh
02-Dec-
1989
10-Nov-
1990
Janata
Dal
11 Chandra Shekhar 10-Nov-
1990
21-Jun-
1991
Janata
Dal (S)
12 P. V. Narasimha
Rao
21-Jun-
1991
16-May-
1996
INC
13 Atal Bihari
Vajpayee
16-May-
1996
01-Jun-
1996
BJP
14 H. D. Deve
Gowda
01-Jun-
1996
21-Apr-
1997
Janata
Dal
15 Inder Kumar
Gujral
21-Apr-
1997
19-Mar-
1998
Janata
Dal
16 Atal Bihari
Vajpayee
19-Mar-
1998
22-May-
2004
BJP
17 Dr. Manmohan
Singh
22-May-
2004
21 May INC
18. Narendra Modi May
2014
Till date BJP
About Modi
Tea seller to serve the worlds largest democracy
as Prime Minister
Date and place of birth: Born on 17 September, 1950 in
Vadnagar, Gujarat .
Brief Family history: Narendra Modi was the third of six
children born to Damodardas Mulchand Modi and his
wife, Heeraben. As a child, he helped his father sell
tea at the Vadnagar railway station and on trains. As
a teenager, Modi ran a tea stall with his brother near a
bus terminus. He completed his schooling in Vadnagar,
where a teacher described him as being an average
student, but a keen debater.
At the age of eight Modi started attending the local
shakha of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS),
where he met his mentor Laxmanrao Inamdar who
played a pivotal role in forming the BJP prime ministerial
candidates political outlook.
He married to Jashodaben at the age of 17. The couple
never lived together as Modi left home to become
Pracharak of RSS.
Days in Politics Narendra Modi was drawn to politics
in his early teens and was a member of Rashtriya
Swayamsewak Sangh (RSS). As a youth, he became
a member of the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad, a
student body involved in anti-corruption. Modis rst
break in politics came when he was appointed the rst
general secretary of the BJPs Ahmedabad unit in 1987.
Five years later, after the partys impressive victory in the
citys municipal elections, he was elevated as organising
secretary of the state BJP.
Chief Ministerial Terms of Gujarat:
First Term: 2001-02 Second Term: 2002-07
Third Term: 2007-12 Fourth Term: 2012-14
Current Afairs
13
Brief Introduction of Election Commission
of India and Election Machinery
Election Commission of India is a permanent
Constitutional Body.
The Constitution of India has vested in the Election
Commission of India the superintendence, direction
and control of the entire process for conduct of
elections to Parliament and Legislature of every State
and to the ofces of President and Vice-President of
India.
Originally the commission had only a Chief Election
Commissioner. It currently consists of Chief Election
Commissioner and two Election Commissioners.
All Election Commissioners have equal say in the
decision making of the Commission.
For the frst time two additional Commissioners were
appointed on 16th October 1989 but they had a
very short tenure till 1st January 1990. Later, on 1st
October 1993 two additional Election Commissioners
were appointed. The concept of multi-member
Commission has been in operation since then, with
decision making power by majority vote.
Generally the Election Commission takes all
the decisions unanimously. If the Chief Election
Commissioner and other Election Commissioners
differ in opinion on any matter, such matter shall be
decided by according to the opinion of the majority.
Election Commission ensures a level playing feld
for the political parties in election fray, through strict
observance by them of a Model Code of Conduct
evolved with the consensus of political parties.
The Commission ensures inner party democracy in
their functioning by insisting upon them to hold their
organizational elections at periodic intervals.
Political Parties are registered with ECI and they are
granted recognition at the State and National levels
by the Election Commission on the basis of their poll
performance at general elections according to criteria
prescribed by it.
Appointment and Tenure:
The President appoints Chief Election Commissioner and
Election Commissioners. They have tenure of six years, or
up to the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. They enjoy
the same status and receive salary and perks as available
to Judges of the Supreme Court of India. The Chief Election
Commissioner can be removed from ofce only through
impeachment by Parliament.
Election Machinery at State and Constituency level
At the state level, the election work is supervised, subject
to overall superintendence, direction and control of the
Commission, by the Chief Electoral Ofcer of the State, who
is appointed by the Commission from amongst senior civil
servants proposed by the concerned state government.
He is, in most of the States, a full time ofcer and has a
small team of supporting staff.
Subject to the superintendence, direction and control of
the Chief Electoral Ofcer, the District Election Ofcer
supervises the election work of a district. One district may
have multiple constituencies.
The Election Commission of India nominates or designates
an ofcer of the Government or a local authority as
the Returning Ofcer for each of the assembly and
parliamentary constituencies in consultation with the State
Government/Union Territory Administration. In addition, the
Election Commission of India also appoints one or more
Assistant Returning Ofcers for each of the assembly and
parliamentary constituencies to assist the Returning Ofcer
in the performance of his functions in connection with the
conduct of elections.
The Electoral Registration ofcer is responsible for the
preparation of electoral rolls for a parliamentary / assembly
constituency.The Presiding Ofcer with the assistance of
polling ofcers conducts the poll at a polling station.
Model Code of Conduct
The Model Code of Conduct for guidance of political
parties and candidates is a set of norms which has
been evolved with the consensus of political parties
who have consented to abide by the principles
embodied in the said code and also binds them to
respect and observe it in its letter and spirit.
The code has served to ensure a level playing feld for
political parties and keep campaigns fair and healthy.
Its main purpose is to ensure that ruling parties, at the
Centre and in the States, do not misuse their position
of advantage to gain an unfair edge.
The Model Code of Conduct is enforced from the date
of announcement of election schedule by the Election
Commission and is operational till the process of
elections are completed
The salient features of the Model Code of Conduct
lay down how political parties, contesting candidates
and party in power should conduct themselves
during the process of elections i.e. on their general
conduct during electioneering, holding meetings and
processions, poll day activities and functioning of the
party in power etc.
There shall be a total ban on the transfer and posting
of all ofcers/ofcials directly or indirectly connected
with the conduct of the election. If any transfer or
posting of an ofcer is considered necessary, prior
approval of the Commission shall be obtained.
The advertisement regarding achievements of the
party at the cost of public exchequer in the print
and electronic media and the misuse of ofcial mass
media during the period of election is prohibited.
It is also ensured that electoral offences, malpractices
and corrupt practices such as impersonation, bribing
and inducement of voters, threat and intimidation to
the voters are prevented by all means. In case of
violation, appropriate measures are taken.
One often gets to hear the complaint that the MCC is
coming in the way of developmental activities. However,
even during the short period when MCC is in operation,
the ongoing development activities are not stopped and
are allowed to proceed unhindered, and only the new
projects, etc. which have not taken off on the ground
that have to be deferred till the completion of elections.
If there is any work that cannot wait for any reason (relief
work on account of any calamity, etc), the matter can be
referred to the Commission for clearance.
Legal Status for Model Code of Conduct: Views of
the Election Commission
There is an opinion in certain quarters for providing legal
status to MCC. The Election Commission has, however,
taken a stand against granting of such status to MCC.
According to the Commission bringing the MCC on
the statute book will only be counter-productive. In our
country, elections are conducted within a very limited time
span according to a well laid down schedule. Normally, a
general election in a State is completed in about 45 days,
from the day of announcement of the election schedule by
the Commission. Thus, the expedition and promptness in
dealing with the cases of violation of the model code of
conduct is of the essence. If no timely action is taken to
curb the violations and against the violators of the model
code during the limited period when the election process
is on, the whole signicance of the MCC would be lost
and the violator would be able to reap the benet of such
violation. If the model code of conduct is converted into
a law, this would mean that a complaint would lie to the
police/Magistrate. The procedures involved in judicial
proceedings being what they are, a decision on such
complaints would most likely come only long after the
election is completed.
Opinion polls
An opinion poll, sometimes simply referred to as a poll, is a
survey of public opinion from a particular sample. Opinion
polls are usually designed to represent the opinions of a
population by conducting a series of questions and then
extrapolating generalities in ratio or within condence
intervals.
Election Commission has banned publication or broadcast
of opinion polls 48 hours before polling in a state.
This is a reasonable restriction, enough to safeguard
against manipulations. A full ban for the entire duration
of campaign may not stand judicial scrutiny. It is hard to
see how such a ban could be presented as a reasonable
restriction of freedom of expression guaranteed under the
Constitution.
Exit Polls
An election exit poll is a poll of voters taken immediately
after they have exited the polling stations. Unlike an
opinion poll, which asks whom the voter plans to vote for or
some similar formulation, an exit poll asks whom the voter
actually voted for. A similar poll conducted before actual
voters have voted is called an entrance poll.
The Election Commission of India (ECI) notied the period
between April 7 and May 12 as the period during which
conducting any exit poll and publishing results by means
of the print or electronic media or dissemination in any
other manner whatsoever is prohibited.
Electoral Roll
For every constituency, there is a list of voters which is
called electoral roll.
The Election Commission is currently undertaking the
computerisation of the electoral rolls throughout India,
which should lead to improvements in the accuracy and
speed with which the electoral roll can be updated. This
has already been completed in the northern states of
Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh and the Eastern
state of Tripura and Rolls in the new computerised format
put to use for the general Election in 1998

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