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1. Problem 2.7
The vertical force between blocks is always equal to
Fv
M1 g
(1)
so the maximal relative friction force we can have between two blocks is equal to
M1 g
Ff
(2)
(a) If the external force is applied to the top block, the effective force it feels is the (vector)
sum of external force and friction force
F Ff
F1
(3)
According to the third Newton law, the friction force on the surface connecting top and
bottom blocks has a counter-force of the same magnitude but in the opposite direction,
F2
Ff
(4)
Since there is no slipping between two blocks, they both must have the same speed and
the same acceleration, so
F1
M1 a
F2
F Ff
M2 2
Ff
F Ft
M1
Ft
M2
Ft
M2
M1 M2
Ff
M2
(5)
M1 M2
M1 g
M2
(6)
(b) If the force is applied to the bottom block, then the bottom block feels the total force
F Ff
F2
1
M2 a
(7)
F1
(8)
Again, both blocks must have the same acceleration so the force F equals
M1 M2
Ff
M1
M1 M2
M1 g
M1
M
1
M2 g
(9)
2. Problem 2.9
mg
Since the particle is moving on a circle in the horizontal plane, vertical component of the
normal force N must cancel the gravitational force Fg
mg
(10)
N cos
(11)
v20
tan
g
(12)
mv20
r
mv20
N cos
3. Problem 2.11
(a)
Tup
o
45
Ftot
45o
mg
Tlow
(b) Vector sum of forces acting on the particle must act in the horizontal plane (as shown
in the picture). That means that vertical components must cancel
Tup cos mg Tlow cos
(13)
45 , cos
sin
Tup
For Tlow
T sin
low
(14)
2 so
m2 l
2
mg
2
2
2g l.
0, we must have
4. Problem 2.13
l1
x1
m2 l cos
l1
l2
l2
x2
Tlow
m2 l
2
mg
2
(15)
Lets denote the tension of the string on the first pulley T and on the second T . Acceleration
of the mass M1 is then given by
T
x1 M1
M1 g
(16)
M2 g
(17)
If pulleys are massless then string tensions on the second pulley must cancel
2T
(18)
l
1
L1
l2
l l
1
1
l
2
l2 x2
1 l2 l x 2
2
2
L2
(19)
const
(20)
x2
2
(21)
6M1 M2
g
M1 4M2
(22)
2M2 M1
g
4M2 M1
(23)
5. Problem 2.14
Lets call the string tension connecting masses MA and MB T , and the string connecting mass
MC with the pulley T . Then masses MA and MB feel only force T
T
MA xA
MB xB
(24)
Mc xc
(25)
xp
xB
xA
MA
MB
xC
MC
LC
const , where
xp
xA
l
A
xB
l
B
1
xA xB LAB
2
(26)
where LAB is the length of first string and LC is the length of second. Hence
xA
x
B
2xC
(27)
MA MB MC
2MA MB
M M
A C
(28)
MB MC
4
xA
2MA MB MA MC
xB
g
2MA MB MA MC MB2MC
1
MA MB MC
g
2 2M M M M MB MC
xC
MB MC
2
MA MC
(29)
(30)
(31)
6. Problem 2.17
(a) Normal force to the surface is given by
N
mg cos
(32)
N
F||
mg
Fmax
mg cos
(33)
mg sin
(34)
F Fmax
tan
(35)
(b) If we add the acceleration in the horizontal direction, then vertical forces ad up to
F sin
N cos mg
(36)
ma
(37)
sin cos
g
cos sin
(38)
There is a typo in the textbook and the actual condition in part (b) of this problem
should read tan for this to make sense. The way angles are drawn in the textbook,
this solution is negative if one takes tan
pointing in the opposite direction from the way it is drawn in the textbook. This of
course has to be, since for tan
and the answer is amin
(c) As we increase the acceleration, sum of tangential forces at one point changes the
direction and starts pointing upward so friction now points downward. Changing the
sign of F we now have
F sin N cos mg
N sin F cos
0
ma
(39)
(40)
sin cos
g
cos sin
amax
(41)
7. Problem 2.19
For M3 to keep from rising or falling, all 3 masses must move with the same (horizontal)
acceleration and vertical forces must vanish. Mass M3 feels two vertical forces, M3 g pointing
down and T pointing up; they must cancel so
M3 g
(42)
(43)
(44)
M1
motion of 3 masses, force acting on mass M1 must produce the overall acceleration a for the
total system, so
F
M3
g M 1 M2 M3
M2
8. Problem 2.29
2v0
v0 2 t
(45)
r
r 2 r
2r
(46)
Since the car is moving with uniform velocity v0 along the line painted radially on the
platform, we have
r v0
r 0
The platform is rotating with constant angular speed so
(47)
0
(48)
v0 t
v0 2t r 2v0
(49)
(b) This part of the question can be a little confusing; friction coefficient describes the
fiction as tires of the car start sliding relative to the ground. Although the car is moving
there is no movement friction involved as long as tires are rolling normally and not
skidding (in reality, there is some friction associated with tires rolling down the road,
but we neglect it), so we treat friction force as static friction.1 Car starts to skid when
friction N
v0 4 2 t 2
2
1
v0 2
4v20 2
(50)
(c) Since the friction car feels in part (b) is essentially static friction, force will have the
the same size and direction as the acceleration (if there was no friction whatsoever, the
car would continue to move in the radial direction as the platform turns). Angle of the
acceleration vector is given by
tan
1
a
ar
2v0
v0 2 t
2
t
2v0
4v20 2
(51)
If this isnt all too clear, think of yourself pushing a (static) car sideways; unless you are extremely strong, chances
are you will not be able to move it because the friction blocks you. Now think of a car going at some speed low enough
for you to run next to it and push it sideways (for example 5mph). What happens as you push the car sideways? Again,
the car doesnt move sideways since the friction is still there and it blocks your push. So the friction you encounter is
still the static friction (even though the car is moving!) equal to your push but in the reverse direction, not the friction
of a moving body equal to N and pointing opposite the velocity.
9. Problem 2.33
Since the particle is restricted to move on the rotating rod, its angular component is t
and there is no angular component to the acceleration. Its trajectory is then described by
mr
(52)
since there are no forces acting on the particle an it is free to move along the rod. Radial
component of this equation is
m r r2
which is satisfied by
rt
Ae
r 0
B
d2r
dt 2
r2
(53)
Bet
(54)
0 become
v0
B A
(55)
0. For any other choice,
exponentially growing term Bet will eventually become bigger then exponentially decaying
term Ae
t .
angular compo(a) Since there is no force acting on the particle in the angular direction ,
nent of the acceleration must vanish
a
where
2r
2r
2
r
r
2 log
r
r0
2
dr
r
(56)
r
2
r0
dr
r
log
log
r02
r2
(57)
r0 and
0 we have r
given implicitly by
r02
(58)
0 r 2
Since the string is being pulled with constant velocity v, if we assume that the string is
inextensible, then the radius of the particle changes as
rt
r0 vt
(59)
r02
r0 vt
(60)
(b) Force T needed to pull the the string is related to the angular acceleration as
T
m r r2
mr2
m20
10
r04
r3
(61)
r0 vt, we have r
m20
r04
r0 vt
0 and
(62)