For tefan- Alexandru

Anul I, Farmacie, Grupa VI

Translation exercise 4 / page 266
The immune system consists of lymphoid organs ( thymus , spleen , tonsil , lymph
nodes cervical , lymphoid agglomeration of the small intestine , bone marrow , etc.),
cells ( granulocytes, monocytes , macrophages , lymphocytes , etc . ) , and molecules
with specific functions defined with the help of which may provide immunological
surveillance of the human body .
Granulocytes ( eosinophils , basophils , neutrophils ) are the "first line of
defense " of the body against bacteria, viruses , fungi and parasites ;
Mononuclear phagocytes ( monocytes and macrophages) , spread throughout
the body , discovered by Metchnioff ( !""# ) and called macrophages (due to the
speed with which foreign particles can phagocyte ) have crucial functions for
defending the body against a large number of offenders ;
$ymphocytes of several types % & lymphocytes , T lymphocytes and '(
lymphocytes % natural iller, etc. % are defined in the modern conception , as central
elements of the immune system because the immune response specifically recogni)es
antigen preparation .
& lymphocytes cells (about *#%*+, of the total number of lymphocytes) play a
role in the secretion of immunoglobulin ( antibody ) and in storing characteristics of
the aggressors in order to recogni)e the repeated invasion of the body case . This
recognition leads to a faster response of defense , unless the substance invading would
first come in contact with the body . The antibodies attach to aggressor cells or to
to-ins ,bloc their activity , so that phagocytes could destroy them easier and more
efficient.
T lymphocytes secrete cytoines ( lymphoines , interferons, interleuins ,
etc. . ) , substances that help communication and cooperation among immune system
cells .
$ymphocytes '( % natural iller another class of lymphocytes (about ., of the
total number of lymphocytes ) act fast through the secretion of cytoines and proteins
forming the " pore " and destroy foreign substances , infected cells or cancerous cells
of the body .
/ach cell has an important role 0 some recogni)e and identify the assailant , others
neutrali)e the harmful action with speciali)ed chemicals , others are those who ill the
aggressor and the other cleanses the body after the abuser has been destroyed.
&ody1s immune response to various pathogens can influence the health and thus the
2uality of life of each person.
3mong the many environmental factors that affect the immune system , stress and
deficiency of certain phytonutrients are essential in the daily diet and can lead to
disturbances in optimal operation .
Translation exercise 2 / page 265
Te modern food sic!ens us "
3naly)ing the profound transformations that occurred in the lives of people in the last
century , scientists have proposed a number of theories that try to e-plain the alarming
proliferation in obesity , diabetes , cardiovascular disease and cancer. 'utritional
transition theory e-plains the increasing number of diseases by ma4or changes in
human nutrition .
3nimal foods gained more weight , eating fruits and vegetables declined and were
replaced with whole grain refined derivatives . 5rimary food , of agricultural origin,
were replaced with tae%outs or ready%to%consume food . 3bove all, overlapped
decreased physical effort of people , both in everyday life and at their 4ob.
6rbani)ation, industriali)ation of food production and food trade globali)ation have
made that diets consisting of foods prepared in households, or from local farming , to
be replaced with diets consisting of processed foods , highly refined, coming from
e-tremely varied and faraway geographic areas.