Jacob Drung CHY 4UW

Timeline of the Spanish Civil War

Part A
1.
February 1936 - Popular Front won national elections and Azana was appointed
president of Spain.
July 1936 - Military uprisings in Spanish Morocco and some parts of mainland Spain.
The government dissolves the regular army. July 19th, Franco arrives to take command
of the army in Morocco.
Hitler agreed to help out the Nationalists. Stalin agreed to help the Republicans.
German and Italian planes airlift Franco"s army to the Spanish mainland.
August 1936 - International Brigades (including some Canadians) arrive in Spain
September 1936 - A military junta named Franco as head of state and c-in-c of the
armed forces of Spain.
October 1936 - Soviet Union sends nancial aid to the Loyalists or Republicans of
Spain.
November 1936 - Germany and Italy recognize Franco as head of Spain"s government.
Hitler and Mussolini support the Nationalists.
Japan and German sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, Italy signs Nov. 1937
April 1937 - Guernica destroyed by Aerial Bombing
May 1937 - American Congress under Franklin D. Roosevelt renews the Neutrality Act
banning the export of arms, ammunition, and implements of war from the United
States to foreign nations at war .
April 1938 - Republican Spain was split in two by the Nationalists.
October 1938 -International Brigade leaves Spain
January 1939 - Barcelona Falls to Franco
March 1939 - Madrid surrenders to Franco (Loyalist/Republican/Communist forces
defeated)
April 1939 - Unconditional Republican surrender to Franco /Dictatorship under Franco.
April 1 1939 - Franco announces the end of the civil war.
2.
Part B.
1.
Fascism
! Authoritarian, nationalist, single-party state with a dictator
! Suppresses all criticism and opposition
! The collective interest of the nation or race is more important that the individuals (self-
interest).
! Promotes violence between nations, political factions and races.
! Embraces Social Darwinism and militarism.
! Sees violence as natural and positive part of life encourages survival by being healthy,
vital, and showing an aggressive warrior mentality by conquering, dominating, and eventually
eliminating people deemed weak and degenerate
! Opposed to democracy, individualism, liberalism, internationalism, communism, laissez-
faire capitalism, egalitarianism, conservatism, pacifism.
! Symbols include: fasces (bundled reeds of Roman Empire used by Italy), bundled
arrows with yoke (Spain), swastika (Nazi Germany).
! Fascist governments appeared in Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, Francos Spain, and fascist
parties and movements rose throughout Europe in the 1920s and 1930s.
! In Spain, the fascists also sided with the Catholic Church, which had been pushed aside
by the Republican government.

Communism
! Promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless society with no gender
discrimination.
! Envisions a society based on common ownership and control of the means of production
and property in general. [no private property]
! Refers to a classless, stateless and oppression-free society where decisions on what to
produce and what policies to pursue are made democratically, allowing every member of society
to participate in the decision-making process.
! Calls for a revolutionary overthrow of the government and economy.
! Opposed to capitalism, imperialism, racism and nationalism.
! Symbols include: hammer (work, labor, industrialization) and sickle (farmers), color red.
! Described originally by Karl Marx, but implemented by Lenin, Stalin, [Soviet Union] Mao
[China] and others.
! In practice, most attempts at Communist societies ended up becoming dictatorships.
*** Social Darwinism : Extends Darwins scientific theory to sociology, states that conflict and
competition among groups lead to social/cultural advancement, states that the social elite are
also biologically superior